Erratum: Corrigendum: Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

Download Full-text

Seasonal patterns of pasture production in the Bay of Plenty and Waikato

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1991.53.2007 ◽

1991 ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

J.A. Baars ◽

G.J. Goold ◽

M.F. Hawke ◽

P.J. Kilgarriff ◽

M.D. Rolm

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Early Spring ◽

Early Summer ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Large Contribution ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Summer Peak ◽

The Difference

Patterns of pasture growth were measured on 3 farms in the Bay of Plenty (BOP) and at No2 Dairy (Ruakura Agricultural Centre) in the Waikato from 1989 to 199 1. A standardised trim technique with cages and 4-weekly cutting under grazing was used. Long-term seasonal growth patterns, using a predictive pasture model, were also simulated. Simulated pasture growth from long-term climatic data shows that pasture growth rates are higher in winter, early spring and late autumn in the BOP than the Waikato. However, the actual measurements over the 2 years show that pasture growth over the latter periods is lower at the BOP sites than at the Waikato site. In the BOP the spring peak is much later than in the Waikato while an early summer peak, with higher growth rates than in the Waikato, occurred in the BOP. No such summer peak was evident in the Waikato. The difference between the two regions is caused by the large contribution of subtropical grasses to sward production in summer and autumn, The prolific summer growth of subtropical grasses may explain the low ryegrass content and low pasture production in winter. The lower than expected autumn, winter, spring production may also becaused by low clover content, possibly a result of competition from subtropical grasses and a sulphur deficiency. The apparent low amount of nitrogen fixed by clover may explain the low rates of pasture production over the cooler season. Applications of nitrogen fertiliser may substantially increase dry matter production from April to September. Keywords pasture,simulation,subtropical grasses, Paspalum, Digitaria sanguinalis, growth rates

Download Full-text

Abstract 13513: Serial CT Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Diameter Demonstrates Predominantly Linear Growth (N-TA 3 CT)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Sydney Olson ◽

Marniker Wijesinha ◽

Annalise Panthofer ◽

William Blackwelder ◽

Gilbert R Upchurch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Transverse Diameter ◽

Invasive Treatment ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Risk Of Rupture ◽

Serial Ct

Objective: Small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have a low risk of rupture. Intervention is indicated when diameters exceed established thresholds. This study assessed the growth rates and patterns of AAAs over 2 years as documented on serial CT scans from the Non-Invasive Treatment of AAA Clinical Trial. Methods: 254 patients, 35 females with baseline AAA maximum transverse diameter (MTD) between 3.5-4.5 cm and 219 males with baseline MTD 3.5-5.0 cm, were included in this study. Linear regressions and segmental growth rates were used to model growth rates and patterns. Results: The yearly growth rates of AAA MTDs had a median of 0.17 cm/yr and mean of 0.19 cm/yr ± 0.14 (Figure 1). 10% of AAA displayed minimal to no growth (< 0.05 cm/yr), 62% low growth (0.05-0.25 cm/yr), 28% high growth (> 0.25 cm/yr). Baseline AAA diameter accounted for only 5.4% of growth rate variance (P<0.001, R 2 0.05). Most AAAs displayed linear growth (70%); large variations in interval growth rates occurred infrequently (3% staccato growth, 4% exponential growth); a minority of subjects’ growth patterns were not clearly classifiable (11% indeterminate-not growing, 12% indeterminate-growing) (Figure 2). No patients with baseline MTD < 4.25 cm exceeded sex-specific repair thresholds (males 0 / 92, [95% CI, 0.00-0.06]; females 0 / 25 [95% CI, 0.00-0.25]) in the course of follow-up for as long as two years. Conclusions: The majority of small AAAs exhibit linear growth; large intra-patient growth rate variations were infrequently observed over 2 years. AAA < 4.25 cm can be followed with a CT scan in 2 years with little chance of exceeding interventional MTD thresholds of 5.5 cm for men.

Download Full-text

Health, growth and development of pre-school children in Newcastle upon Tyne

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000012499 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 411-424

Author(s):

H. Mary Fellowes ◽

Catherine A. Hytten ◽

W.Z. Billewicz ◽

A.M. Thomson

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Transient Effect ◽

Normal Children ◽

Average Growth ◽

Respiratory Illnesses ◽

Developmental Test ◽

One Year ◽

Newcastle Upon Tyne

SummaryOne hunderd and forty 'normal' children aged 0—5 years, selected from three large general medical practices to represent a wide socioeconomic range, were seen monthly for periods of at least one year. Average growth patterns, previously shown to be related to the energy value of diets, conformed to British standards. Height and weight were not significantly related to socioeconomic status, maternal 'efficiency', number of sibs nor place in family. About half the children aged 0.5 years or less changed growht 'channels', falling to 0.4% in children aged 2 years or more. Respiratory illnesses showed seasonal changes, but growth rates did not, and there was no evidence that illness of any kind or severity had more than a transient effect on growth rates. Developmental test scores were not found to be related to growth rates. Girls tended to have higher scores than boys. Children from non-manual families and those with sїbs at least 5 years older scored more highly in tests of language than those in other types of family.

Download Full-text

In situ growth rate estimates of Southern Ocean krill, Thysanoessa macrura

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102019000063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 116-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jake R. Wallis ◽

Jessica E. Melvin ◽

Robert King ◽

So Kawaguchi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Southern Ocean ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Somatic Growth ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Thysanoessa Macrura ◽

Growth Method ◽

Repeated Sampling ◽

The Antarctic

AbstractGrowth, which is intrinsically linked to environmental conditions including temperature and food availability are highly variable both temporally and spatially. Estimates of growth rates of the Southern Ocean euphausiid Thysanoessa macrura are currently restricted to limited studies which rely upon repeated sampling and length-frequency analysis to quantify growth rates. The instantaneous growth method (IGR) was used to measure the growth rate of T. macrura successfully in the southern Kerulen Plateau region during summer, providing the first IGR parameters for the Southern Ocean euphausiid species. Results of the four-day IGR incubation indicate a period of low somatic growth for adult T. macrura. Males had a longer intermoult period (IMP) (62 days) than females (42 days), but the sexes exhibited similar daily growth rates of 0.011 mm day−1 and 0.012 mm day−1 respectively. Juveniles exhibited the fastest growth, with an IMP of 13 days and daily growth rate of 0.055 mm day−1 indicating a prolonged growth season, similar to the Antarctic krill E. superba. Consequently, we highlight the usability of the IGR method and strongly encourage its use in developing a comprehensive understanding of spatial and seasonal growth patterns of T. macrura.

Download Full-text

The effects of three muscling Quantitative Trait Loci on growth patterns of crossbred lambs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200028799 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 40-40

Author(s):

N R Lambe ◽

J M Macfarlane ◽

A Masri ◽

O Matika ◽

W Haresign ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Chromosome 18 ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Trait Loci

Texel Muscling QTL (TM-QTL) and LoinMaxTM (LM-QTL) are located on chromosome 18 in Texel and Poll Dorset sheep, respectively, and have been shown to positively affect muscling of the loin in crossbred lambs carrying one copy of the QTL (Macfarlane et al., 2008, Masri et al., 2009). MyoMaxTM (MM-QTL), found on chromosome 2 of Texel sheep, increases muscling and decreases fatness in lambs of different genetic backgrounds (Campbell and McLaren, 2007). No differences in live weights, carcass weights or growth rates have been associated with these QTL to date. However, there is further need to investigate the effects of the three QTL on growth patterns in commercial crossbred populations, where fast-growing slaughter lambs of good carcass weights and quality are a prerequisite.

Download Full-text

Radial Growth Patterns Associated with Tree Mortality in Nothofagus pumilio Forest

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10060489 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 489 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milagros Rodríguez-Catón ◽

Ricardo Villalba ◽

Ana Srur ◽

A. Park Williams

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Forest Dynamics ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Nothofagus Pumilio ◽

Total Size ◽

Growth Trends

Tree mortality is a key process in forest dynamics. Despite decades of effort to understand this process, many uncertainties remain. South American broadleaf species are particularly under-represented in global studies on mortality and forest dynamics. We sampled monospecific broadleaf Nothofagus pumilio forests in northern Patagonia to predict tree mortality based on stem growth. Live or dead conditions in N. pumilio trees can be predicted with high accuracy using growth rate as an explanatory variable in logistic models. In Paso Córdova (CO), Argentina, where the models were calibrated, the probability of death was a strong negative function of radial growth, particularly during the six years prior to death. In addition, negative growth trends during 30 to 45 years prior to death increased the accuracy of the models. The CO site was affected by an extreme drought during the summer 1978–1979, triggering negative trends in radial growth of many trees. Individuals showing below-average and persistent negative trends in radial growth are more likely to die than those showing high growth rates and positive growth trends in recent decades, indicating the key role of droughts in inducing mortality. The models calibrated at the CO site showed high verification skill by accurately predicting tree mortality at two independent sites 76 and 141 km away. Models based on relative growth rates showed the highest and most balanced accuracy for both live and dead individuals. Thus, the death of individuals across different N. pumilio sites was largely determined by the growth rate relative to the total size of the individuals. Our findings highlight episodic severe drought as a triggering mechanism for growth decline and eventual death for N. pumilio, similar to results found previously for several other species around the globe. In the coming decades, many forests globally will be exposed to more frequent and/or severe episodes of reduced warm-season soil moisture. Tree-ring studies such as this one can aid prediction of future changes in forest productivity, mortality, and composition.

Download Full-text

Growth Patterns in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) Sunfish: Environmental Variation and the Importance of Ontogenetic Niche Shifts

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f88-003 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Craig W. Osenberg ◽

Earl E. Werner ◽

Gary G. Mittelbach ◽

Donald J. Hall

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Lepomis Macrochirus ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Adult Performance ◽

Littoral Habitat ◽

Ontogenetic Niche Shifts ◽

Niche Shifts ◽

Dependent Growth ◽

Specific Growth Rates ◽

Recent Experimental Work

Size-specific growth rates were determined for bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) sunfish collected between 1978 and 1985 in nine lakes in southwestern Michigan. Variation in growth rates was attributable to lake effects as well as an interaction between lake and year effects. Year effects explained none of the observed variation, suggesting that growth rates were influenced more by unique lake differences than by annual climatic differences. Analyses of the covariation in growth among different size-classes of bluegill and pumpkinseed revealed that small bluegill (< 55 mm standard length (SL)) and small pumpkinseed (< 40 mm SL) exhibited similar responses to environmental factors, while large bluegill (> 55 mm SL) and large pumpkinseed (> 50 mm SL) responded differently. These breaks in the growth patterns coincide with the sizes at which each species exhibits an ontogenetic shift in diet. Comparison of growth rates and resource densities suggests that the growth rates of the large fishes were food limited. Small fishes showed significant density-dependent growth. This correlative evidence for competition is in agreement with recent experimental work. We suggest that the competition between juvenile sunfishes is driven by the effects of adult resources on adult performance and the eventual recruitment of juveniles into the littoral habitat.

Download Full-text

Crown stratification by species in even-aged mixed stands of Douglas-fir – western hemlock

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x79-001 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Charles A. Wierman ◽

Chadwick Dearing Oliver

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Species Differences ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Vertical Stratification ◽

Western Hemlock ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Study Management

The pattern of vertical stratification in mixed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands was documented by observing tree interaction patterns on temporary plots in stands between 35 and 80 years old. It was found that Douglas-fir predictably dominated the hemlock. Several possible causes of the stratification were studied. They were differences in ages between species, differences in mortality patterns, and differences in growth rates. Increment borings of trees on sample plots in the 35- to 80-year stands with the observed stratification revealed the overtopping Douglas-firs and suppressed hemlocks to be essentially of the same age. Searches for dead or dying Douglas-fir in groups of mixed stands of 35 to 80 years, 22 to 35 years, and less than 12 years revealed very little Douglas-fir mortality by suppression. Therefore, the possibility of death of intermediate and suppressed Douglas-firs was not an important factor leading to Douglas-firs being found primarily in the upper crown positions. Height and diameter growth patterns of closely growing codominant Douglas-firs, co-dominant hemlocks, and suppressed hemlocks were documented by stem analyses. Douglas-fir became significantly taller than the hemlocks after about 20 years and suppressed competing hemlocks. The possibility of stratification in mixed planted stands is less certain, since only young planted stands were available for study. Management of such mixed stands appears to improve the yield and quantity of wood and reduce or eliminate costly precommercial thinnings.

Download Full-text

External morphology of Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli): growth and sexual dimorphism

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z93-153 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 1124-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Masao Amano ◽

Nobuyuki Miyazaki

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Growth Rates ◽

North Pacific ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

The Body ◽

Diving Behavior ◽

Dorsal Fin ◽

Deep Diving ◽

Phocoenoides Dalli

We studied development and sexual dimorphism in external measurements of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) from the northwestern North Pacific. Relative rates of increase in the measurements of the head and flipper decrease postnatally, while those of the flukes, dorsal fin, and girths in the posterior part of the body do not. Growth patterns of the flukes and increase in girth at the anus are different from those in other small odontocetes. This is considered to be related to the fast swimming and presumed deep diving behavior of Dall's porpoise. Growth rates of appendages decrease with time after birth, as in other cetaceans. Secondary sexual features of males appear in the dorsal fin, flukes, and girth at the anus; the flukes show more distinct sexual dimorphism than the dorsal fin.

Download Full-text