scholarly journals Prefrontal activation in suicide attempters during decision making with emotional feedback

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Alacreu-Crespo ◽  
Emilie Olié ◽  
Emmanuelle Le Bars ◽  
Fabienne Cyprien ◽  
Jérémy Deverdun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Risky Choices ◽  
Emotional Face Processing ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emotional Face ◽  
History Of Depression

Abstract Emotional feedback, such as faces showing emotions, can influence decision making. Decision making and emotional face processing, mainly mediated by the prefrontal and cingulate cortices, are impaired in suicide attempters. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to study prefrontal activation in suicide attempters during a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) that included emotional face feedback. We randomly distributed the 116 euthymic women (n = 45 suicide attempters, n = 41 affective controls with history of depression without suicide attempt, and n = 30 healthy controls) included in the study in three emotional IGT groups: concordant (safe and risky choices followed by happy and angry faces, respectively), discordant (safe and risky choices followed by angry and happy faces, respectively), and neutral condition (safe and risky choices followed by neutral faces). Considering the two IGT phases (ambiguous and risky), we then analyzed five regions of interest during the risky vs. safe choices: orbitofrontal (OFC), anterior cingulate (ACC), ventrolateral (VLPFC), medial (MPFC) and dorsal prefrontal (DPFC) cortices. We found: (1) impaired decision making and increased DPFC and OFC activation in suicide attempters vs. controls in the discordant condition during the risky phase; (2) reduced VLPFC activation in suicide attempters in the concordant condition during the ambiguous phase; and (3) decreased OFC, ACC and DPFC activation in both control groups in the concordant condition during the ambiguous phase. Suicide attempters showed prefrontal alterations during reward-learning decision making with emotional feedback. Suicide attempters may guide their decisions to avoid social negative feedback despite the expected outcome.

Decision making and vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2164-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Courtet ◽  
M. Wyart ◽  
I. Jaussent ◽  
K. Ritchie ◽  
F. Jollant
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Past History ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Suicide is a major public health concern, especially for older adults, who have higher rates of completed suicide than any other age group in most countries of the world. However, understanding suicidal behaviour remains a challenging task particularly among the elders who have been poorly studied. Decision making has been recently found to be altered in suicide attempters under 65.To test wether decision making would be a neuropsychological trait of vulnerability to suicidal behaviours, the authors used the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate normothymic non demented elders with a history of suicidal behaviour (N = 35) and compared it to decision making in non suicide attempters with a past history of depression (N = 52) and comparison subjects (N = 43). The data also were compared to those of similar groups of younger normothymic subjects. Moreover, the old suicidal patients were assessed according to the age at the onset of suicidal behaviour (before or after 60).Old suicide attempters did not significantly differ from the other aged groups and according to the age of first suicidal behaviour. Old suicide attempters presented better performances than that of younger suicidal patients.Vulnerability to suicidal behaviour in older people may proceed from cognitive processes which are different from the ones involved in suicidal vulnerability of younger subjects. These results are preliminary and further studies are needed to explore vulnerability cognitive patterns to suicide among elders.

Different neural and cognitive response to emotional faces in healthy monozygotic twins at risk of depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Miskowiak ◽  
L. Glerup ◽  
C. Vestbo ◽  
C. J. Harmer ◽  
A. Reinecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Emotional Face Processing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emotional Face ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundNegative cognitive bias and aberrant neural processing of emotional faces are trait-marks of depression. Yet it is unclear whether these changes constitute an endophenotype for depression and are also present in healthy individuals with hereditary risk for depression.MethodThirty healthy, never-depressed monozygotic (MZ) twins with a co-twin history of depression (high risk group: n = 13) or without co-twin history of depression (low-risk group: n = 17) were enrolled in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. During fMRI, participants viewed fearful and happy faces while performing a gender discrimination task. After the scan, they were given a faces dot-probe task, a facial expression recognition task and questionnaires assessing mood, personality traits and coping strategies.ResultsHigh-risk twins showed increased neural response to happy and fearful faces in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), pre-supplementary motor area and occipito-parietal regions compared to low-risk twins. They also displayed stronger negative coupling between amygdala and pregenual ACC, dmPFC and temporo-parietal regions during emotional face processing. These task-related changes in neural responses in high-risk twins were accompanied by impaired gender discrimination performance during face processing. They also displayed increased attention vigilance for fearful faces and were slower at recognizing facial expressions relative to low-risk controls. These effects occurred in the absence of differences between groups in mood, subjective state or coping.ConclusionsDifferent neural response and functional connectivity within fronto-limbic and occipito-parietal regions during emotional face processing and enhanced fear vigilance may be key endophenotypes for depression.

Decision Making Under Ambiguity and Under Risk in Depressed Suicide Attempters, Depressed Non-Attempters and Healthy Controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S291-S292
Author(s):  
E.A. Deisenhammer ◽  
S.K. Schmid ◽  
G. Kemmler ◽  
B. Moser ◽  
M. Delazer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risky Decisions

IntroductionStudy results on decision-making (DM) abilities in suicidal individuals are conflicting. Most studies have focused on DM under ambiguity and included patients with a lifetime history of suicide attempts.ObjectiveTo assess DM abilities with two different instruments in recent suicide attempters.MethodsThe study sample consisted of three groups. Group 1 (SA) were currently depressed inpatients having attempted suicide within the previous six months. Group 2 (NSA) consisted of depressed inpatients without a lifetime history of suicide attempts. Group 3 (CG) was a healthy control group. Besides depression severity, impulsiveness and suicidal intent (SA group only) DM was assessed using the Iowa gambling task (IGT) for DM under ambiguity and the game of dice task (GDT) for DM under risk.ResultsA total of 78 participants (SA group, n = 21; NSA group, n = 31; CG, n = 26) were included into the study. Significant between group differences were found regarding marital status, current partnership, smoking status, depression score, impulsiveness score and family history of psychiatric disorders (all discriminating controls from patients but not between SA and NSA groups). The three groups did not differ with regard to IGT scores. Concerning GDT, the SA group showed significantly lower scores compared to the two other groups, implying a readiness for more risky decisions in suicide attempters versus non-attempters and controls.ConclusionSuicide attempters appear to make more risky decisions compared to depressed non-attempters as well as healthy controls even if the DM under ambiguity patterns do not differ.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Deficits in Reward Decision-Making on the Iowa Gambling Task in Justice-Involved Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Vedelago ◽  
Iris Balodis ◽  
Kaitlyn McLachlan ◽  
Heather Moulden ◽  
Vanessa Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shift Strategy

Deficits in reward decision-making are thought to contribute to criminal offending. These impairments have been measured in laboratory studies using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) which assesses implicit learning of different reward/punishment contingencies. This study compared IGT performance between a sample of justice-involved individuals and community-based individuals without an offending history. Participants included 100 adults from two Canadian federal correctional institutions (34% female, Mage = 39.14 ± 9.74) and a comparison group of 89 community adults with no history of offending (39% female, Mage = 37.04 ± 10.79). Responses on the IGT were analyzed for overall net score, learning across the task, and deck switching patterns. Associations between IGT performance and sentence characteristics and static factors assessment of recidivism risk were examined for the justice-involved group. The justice-involved group performed significantly worse than community adults in terms of net score. While the community group learned the advantageous strategy across the task, justice-involved participants exhibited minimal learning. This effect was moderated by recidivism risk within the justice-involved group, with individuals at low risk, but not medium/high risk, showing improvement over the blocks of the task. Finally, the justice-involved group also made greater use of an ineffective “win-stay/lose-shift” strategy. These results suggest that, compared with community participants without history of offending, incarcerated adults tend to employ maladaptive decision-making strategies that yield worse overall outcomes and the extent of impairment is associated with recidivism risk.

Emotion-Based Decision Making in schizophrenia: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bellani ◽  
Luisa Tomelleri ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Contextual Stimuli

The decision making can be defined as the mental process in which a “choice is made after reflecting on the consequences of that choice” (Bechara & Van Der Linden, 2005; Bechara et al., 1997). It is a complex process that involves cognitive as well as emotion-based functions. In fact human beings make fast adaptive decisions in daily life, and that is based on the skill to relate emotion to contextual stimuli in order to anticipate outcomes through activation of emotional states (Bechara et al., 2005). In this regard, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) has been widely recognized to play a key role in the emotional decision making process. The VMPFC includes the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the more ventral sectors of the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (Bechara et al., 1997). In particular the OFC, within the VMPFC, is part of a neural system underpinning decision-making and reward-related behaviours which are thought to be linked to social conduct (Rolls, 2000).

P01-51-Impulsivity and decision making measured in cocaine addicts in France

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
X. He ◽  
V. Bloch ◽  
G. Brousse ◽  
F. Vorspan ◽  
J.-P. Lépine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Cocaine Craving ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

IntroductionImpulsivity and decision making are impaired in cocaine addicts. However, most studies were performed in the USA.ObjectivesTo assess impulsivity and decision making in a sample of French cocaine addicts.MethodsSubjects40 current cocaine addicts and 21 control subjects with no history of drug abuse were compared using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Subjects from the cocaine addicted group were evaluated for cocaine craving with the Obessive Compulsive Cocaine Scale (OCCS), and for their pattern of use. Statistical analysis: The mean scores of impulsivity and decision making were compared in the two groups (Mann-Whitney U test). In the group of 40 cocaine addicts, clinical factors that could be associated with high impulsivity and poor decision making scores were tested (Spearman’ s rho, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests).ResultCompared to controls, cocaine addicts had a higher impulsivity score (BIS: 72 ± 11 vs 57 ± 8, U = 138, p < .001) and had more disadvantageous choices on the decision making test (IGT) (advantageous minus disadvantageous choices -4 ± 19 vs 24 ± 35, U = 234, p = .005). There was a significant correlation between high impulsivity scores on the BIS and high cocaine craving as well as heavy cocaine use (more than 4 times a week). No correlation was found between poor decision making and high craving or frequent cocaine use.DiscussionThe discrepancy between impulsivity and poor decision making in cocaine addicts is discussed.

Obsessive–Compulsive Behaviour: A Disorder of Decision-Making

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perminder S. Sachdev ◽  
Gin S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
History Of

Objective: Compulsive individuals are habitually indecisive, and indecision reaches its pathological apex in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). With the increasing interest in the neurobiology of decision-making, it may be useful to conceptualize OCD as a disorder of decision-making. Method: A selective review of the neurobiological studies of the decision-making process was performed, and the convergence with the understanding of the neurobiology of OCD examined. Results: The dorsolateral, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices are engaged in multiregion neural subsystems that interact with each other to retain information online, manipulate options, make choices and maintain goals. These interact with the limbic regions, especially the amygdala, in relation to history of reward and emotional valence relating to a choice, and the basal ganglia for behavioural execution. Abnormalities in these regions also characterize OCD and related disorders, therefore leading to problems in making some decisions that are affect-laden by nature or association. Conclusion: Conceptualizing OCD as a disorder of decision-making leads to new approaches for its investigation, and novel strategies for both physical and behavioural– cognitive treatments.

scholarly journals Influence Factors for Decision-Making Performance of Suicide Attempters and Suicide Ideators: The Roles of Somatic Markers and Explicit Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Jingmin Li ◽  
Hailing Liu ◽  
Zhongpeng Wang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Somatic Markers ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses

Impaired decision-making has been observed in suicide attempters during the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Decision-making performance is influenced by somatic markers and explicit knowledge, but it is still unclear of the influencing role on decision-making performance in suicidal individuals. We aimed to investigate whether there is a decision-making deficit in suicide attempters, suicide ideators, as well as the distinct roles of somatic markers and explicit knowledge wherein. Thirteen suicide attempters, 23 suicide ideators, and 19 healthy controls performed the IGT. Both somatic markers (by the skin conductance responses, SCRs) and explicit knowledge (by the subjective experience rating and a list of questions) were recorded. No significant differences were found among the three groups on IGT performance, explicit knowledge, and anticipatory SCRs. IGT Performance of suicide attempters was positively correlated with explicit knowledge index while behavior performance was positively associated with the SCRs in healthy controls. These results indicate that the suicide attempters seem to apply a compensatory strategy by mostly utilizing explicit knowledge to perform normally as healthy controls in the IGT.

Brain activity, regional gray matter loss, and decision-making in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Weygandt ◽  
Katharina Wakonig ◽  
Janina Behrens ◽  
Lil Meyer-Arndt ◽  
Eveline Söder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Gray Matter Loss ◽  
Choice Period

Background: Decision-making (DM) abilities deteriorate with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression which impairs everyday life and is thus clinically important. Objective: To investigate the underlying neurocognitive processes and their relation to regional gray matter (GM) loss induced by MS. Methods: We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Iowa Gambling Task to measure DM-related brain activity in 36 MS patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). From this activity, we determined neural parameters of two cognitive stages, a deliberation (“choice”) period preceding a choice and a post-choice (“feedback”) stage reporting decision outcomes. These measures were related to DM separately in intact and damaged GM areas as determined by a voxel-based morphometry analysis. Results: Severely affected patients (with high lesion burden) showed worse DM-learning than HC ( t = −1.75, p = 0.045), moderately affected (low lesion burden) did not. Activity in the choice stage in intact insular ( t = 4.60, pFamily-Wise Error [FWE] corrected = 0.034), anterior cingulate ( t = 4.50, pFWE = 0.044), and dorsolateral prefrontal areas ( t = 4.43, pFWE = 0.049) and in insular areas with GM loss ( t = 3.78, pFWE = 0.011) was positively linked to DM performance across patients with severe tissue damage and HC. Furthermore, activity in intact orbitofrontal areas was positively linked to DM-learning during the feedback stage across these participants ( t = 4.49, pFWE = 0.032). During none of the stages, moderately affected patients showed higher activity than HC, which might have indicated preserved DM due to compensatory activity. Conclusion: We identified dysregulated activity linked to impairment in specific cognitive stages of reward-related DM. The link of brain activity and impaired DM in areas with MS-induced GM loss suggests that this deficit might be tightly coupled to MS neuropathology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document