scholarly journals A predicted NEDD8 conjugating enzyme gene identified as a Capsicum candidate Rf gene using bulk segregant RNA sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingqiang Wei ◽  
Paul W. Bosland ◽  
Zhenghai Zhang ◽  
Yongfu Wang ◽  
Gaoyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Rf Gene ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Restorer Of Fertility ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Conjugating Enzyme

AbstractCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important tool for producing F1 hybrids, which can exhibit heterosis. The companion system, restorer-of-fertility (Rf), is poorly understood at the molecular level and would be valuable in producing restorer lines for hybrid seed production. The identity of the Rf gene in Capsicum (pepper) is currently unclear. In this study, using bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-seq), a strong candidate Rf gene, Capana06g002866, which is annotated as a NEDD8 conjugating enzyme E2, was identified. Capana06g002866 has an ORF of 555 bp in length encoding 184 amino acids; it can be cloned from F1 plants from the hybridization of the CMS line 8A and restorer line R1 but is not found in CMS line 8A. With qRT-PCR validation, Capana06g002866 was found to be upregulated in restorer accessions compared to sterile accessions. The relative expression in flower buds increased with the developmental stage in F1 plants, while the expression was very low in all flower bud stages of the CMS lines. These results provide new insights into the Rf gene in pepper and will be useful for other crops utilizing the CMS system.

Mapping and validation of markers linked to Rf gene in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var grossum)

2021 ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Nalla ◽  
Vinod Kumar Sharma ◽  
Vinukonda Rakesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rf Gene ◽  
Restorer Of Fertility

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), is the most valuable system in commercial hybrid seed production in hot pepper. Whereas in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum var grossum), the unavailability of a stable restorer’s line is one of the major constraints in commercial hybrid breeding. Identifying the markers linked to CMS and nuclear restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes will help in the production of CMS hybrids in sweet pepper. In the present study, we identified seven markers co-segregating with Rf genes using bulk segregating analysis (BSA) on the F2 Rf-segregating mapping population. Among these, the CRF-SCAR marker proved to be linked to the fertility restorer gene and it could be used for screening of genotypes to identify restorers and non-restorer lines in future Capsicum breeding programs and help in the establishment of CMS system for commercial hybrid seed production.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Studies on Cytoplasmic Male Sterility during Flower Bud Development in Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlong Ding ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Lifeng Yu ◽  
Qijian Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Metabolite Content

Abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) may mediate cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To observe the effect of ROS on soybean CMS, metabolite content and antioxidant enzyme activity in the flower buds between soybean N8855-derived CMS line and its maintainer were compared. Of the 612 metabolites identified, a total of 74 metabolites were significantly differentiated in flower buds between CMS line and its maintainer. The differential metabolites involved 32 differential flavonoids, 13 differential phenolamides, and 1 differential oxidized glutathione (GSSG) belonging to a non-enzymatic ROS scavenging system. We observed lower levels of flavonoids and antioxidant enzyme activities in flower buds of the CMS line than in its maintainer. Our results suggest that deficiencies of enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging systems in soybean CMS line cannot eliminate ROS in anthers effectively, excessive accumulation of ROS triggered programmed cell death and ultimately resulted in pollen abortion of soybean CMS line.

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lal Bux ◽  
Dalu Li ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Nour Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

SEVERAL SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES INFLUENCING THE GROWTH AND RHIZOME DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Kender ◽  
Franklin P. Eggert
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rhizome Development

A field experiment using various soil management practices showed that the most effective means to increase blueberry plant spread was through the use of a surface mulch. Peat and sawdust were of equal suitability as a mulching material influencing vegetative growth, although sawdust did result in a reduction in the number of flower buds produced when compared with peat. Mulching was associated with a higher soil moisture content than non-mulched plots.Blueberry plants growing in nitrogen-treated plots had an increased flower bud number and rhizome growth in contrast with those growing in unfertilized plots. Nitrogen fertilization was of particular benefit when applied in association with surface organic mulches.Plants growing in an undisturbed soil were more vigorous than in a homogenized or tilled soil. Sawdust was found to be detrimental to the growth of lowbush blueberry plants when incorporated into a homogenized soil.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

scholarly journals Chemical Removal of Premature, Unwanted Azalea Buds

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Sanderson ◽  
Willis C. Martin ◽  
R. Bruce Reed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Rhododendron Simsii ◽  
Spray Applications

Spray applications of 4.2% Off-Shoot-0 (a mixture of methyl ester of fatty acids C6, C8, C10, and C12) effectively destroyed flower bud scales and flower parts on the azalea (Rhododendron simsii Plachon.) cultivars ‘Prize’ and ‘Kingfisher’. The addition of ethephon to Off-Shoot-0 did not increase the destruction of bud scales and flower parts. Dikegulac-sodium and oxathiin alone or in combination with ethephon did not significantly destroy scales or flower parts. Destructive chemical pinching agents such as dimethyl dodecylamine and n-undecanol usually were as effective as Off-Shoot-0 in killing bud scales but not flower parts. Cultivars differed slightly in their response to chemicals designed to destroy unwanted flower buds.

Comparison of Three Methods for Calculating Protein Content in Developing Apple Flower Buds

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh ◽  
Deborah Buszard ◽  
Constantinos G Zarkadas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud

Abstract Three methods (Kjeldahl, sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide, and summation of amino acid content) for determining and calculating the protein content of apple flower buds were compared. Quantitation of protein content based on summation of amino acids appears to be the most accurate method. A new nitrogen:protein conversion factor (5.51) was calculated based on total amino acid analysis. This new conversion factor could replace the conventional 6.25 factor for estimating total protein content of apple flower bud by the Kjeldahl method. However, Kjeldahl is not an accurate method for estimating protein content in apple flower bud tissue, regardless of the conversion factor, and probably would not be a good method for estimation of protein in other plant species.

scholarly journals Sequence analysis of the mtDNA region correlated with Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Havlíčková ◽  
V. Čurn ◽  
E. Jozová ◽  
V. Kučera ◽  
M. Vyvadilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Selection Of

Until now in Europe has not been cultivated any hybrid cultivar of oilseed rape based on the Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a widely used CMS system in China. The aim of Czech breeders now is to produce new, improved cultivars of rapeseed based on this CMS system. Sterile Shaan 2A CMS line (S; rf/rf), its corresponding maintainers (N; rf/rf) and fertility restorers (S; Rf/Rf) were analyzed on molecular level for the presence of functional CMS cytoplasm. Two new primer pairs covering CMS-associated gene (so called orf224-1) present in Shaan 2A CMS line were developed and selection capability of the developed primers was successfully evaluated. These primers can be used for early selection of plants with functional Shaan 2A CMS system in breeding programmes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document