scholarly journals Three-dimensional open nano-netcage electrocatalysts for efficient pH-universal overall water splitting

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zewen Zhuang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Cong-Qiao Xu ◽  
Shoujie Liu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Universal Applicability

Abstract High-efficiency water electrolysis is the key to sustainable energy. Here we report a highly active and durable RuIrOx (x ≥ 0) nano-netcage catalyst formed during electrochemical testing by in-situ etching to remove amphoteric ZnO from RuIrZnOx hollow nanobox. The dispersing-etching-holing strategy endowed the porous nano-netcage with a high exposure of active sites as well as a three-dimensional accessibility for substrate molecules, thereby drastically boosting the electrochemical surface area (ECSA). The nano-netcage catalyst achieved not only ultralow overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER; 12 mV, pH = 0; 13 mV, pH = 14), but also high-performance overall water electrolysis over a broad pH range (0 ~ 14), with a potential of mere 1.45 V (pH = 0) or 1.47 V (pH = 14) at 10 mA cm−2. With this universal applicability of our electrocatalyst, a variety of readily available electrolytes (even including waste water and sea water) could potentially be directly used for hydrogen production.

Theoretical design of three-dimensional non-fullerene acceptor materials based on an arylenediimide unit towards high efficiency organic solar cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 3857-3864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Qing Pan ◽  
Shuang-Bao Li ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Hai-Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tddft Calculations ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Organic Acceptor ◽  
Dft And Tddft Calculations

DFT and TDDFT calculations were performed to search for high-performance non-fullerene organic acceptor materials in organic solar cells.

High Thermal Conductive Inter Chip Fill for 3D-IC through Pre-applied Joining Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000408-000413
Author(s):  
Y. Kawase ◽  
M. Ikemoto ◽  
M. Yamazaki ◽  
M. Sugiyama ◽  
H. Kiritani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Narrow Gap ◽  
Flux Agent ◽  
3D Ic ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Joining Process ◽  
Active Flux

Three dimensional (3D) IC has been proposed for high performance and low power in recent years. Due to the narrow gap between stacked chips and fine pitch of bumps, new inter chip fill (ICF) which can be used for pre-applied ICF process is required. The heat generation of 3D-IC is higher than 2D, so that a high thermal conductive inter chip fill (HT-ICF) is simultaneously required to dissipate the heat from 3D-IC and for the purpose of pre-applied ICF and HT-ICF, highly active flux agent and thermal conductive materials such as filler and matrix have been called for at the same time. In this study, some kind of materials were prepared, synthesized and optimized for the HT-ICF, and we evaluated its characteristic and confirmed applicability to pre-applied joining for 3D-IC.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Doped Sponge Ni Fibers as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Zhang ◽  
Xinhui Xia ◽  
Shengjue Deng ◽  
Yu Zhong ◽  
Dong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

Abstract Controllable synthesis of highly active micro/nanostructured metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a particularly significant and challenging target. Herein, we report a 3D porous sponge-like Ni material, prepared by a facile hydrothermal method and consisting of cross-linked micro/nanofibers, as an integrated binder-free OER electrocatalyst. To further enhance the electrocatalytic performance, an N-doping strategy is applied to obtain N-doped sponge Ni (N-SN) for the first time, via NH3 annealing. Due to the combination of the unique conductive sponge structure and N doping, the as-obtained N-SN material shows improved conductivity and a higher number of active sites, resulting in enhanced OER performance and excellent stability. Remarkably, N-SN exhibits a low overpotential of 365 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and an extremely small Tafel slope of 33 mV dec−1, as well as superior long-term stability, outperforming unmodified sponge Ni. Importantly, the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure analyses shows that γ-NiOOH is the surface-active phase for OER. Therefore, the combination of conductive sponge structure and N-doping modification opens a new avenue for fabricating new types of high-performance electrodes with application in electrochemical energy conversion devices.

scholarly journals Conformation-modulated three-dimensional electrocatalysts for high-performance fuel cell electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. eabe9083
Author(s):  
Jong Min Kim ◽  
Ahrae Jo ◽  
Kyung Ah Lee ◽  
Hyeuk Jin Han ◽  
Ye Ji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Transfer Resistance

Unsupported Pt electrocatalysts demonstrate excellent electrochemical stability when used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells; however, their extreme thinness and low porosity result in insufficient surface area and high mass transfer resistance. Here, we introduce three-dimensionally (3D) customized, multiscale Pt nanoarchitectures (PtNAs) composed of dense and narrow (for sufficient active sites) and sparse (for improved mass transfer) nanoscale building blocks. The 3D-multiscale PtNA fabricated by ultrahigh-resolution nanotransfer printing exhibited excellent performance (45% enhanced maximum power density) and high durability (only 5% loss of surface area for 5000 cycles) compared to commercial Pt/C. We also theoretically elucidate the relationship between the 3D structures and cell performance using computational fluid dynamics. We expect that the structure-controlled 3D electrocatalysts will introduce a new pathway to design and fabricate high-performance electrocatalysts for fuel cells, as well as various electrochemical devices that require the precision engineering of reaction surfaces and mass transfer.

scholarly journals Highly Active Deficient Ternary Sulfide Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimei Wang ◽  
Yuguo Xia ◽  
Haiping Li ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Yuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Ternary Sulfide ◽  
Ternary Metal

<div>The exploration of photoanode materials with high efficiency and stability is the </div><div>eternal pursuit for the realization of practically solar-driven photoelectrochemical </div><div>water splitting. Here we develop a novel deficient ternary metal sulfide (CdIn2S4) </div><div>as photoanode, and its PEC performance is significantly enhanced by introducing </div><div>surface S vacancies, achieving a photocurrent density of 5.73 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. </div><div>RHE and 1 Sun and an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.49% at 0.477 </div><div>V vs. RHE, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the record-high values for a </div><div>single sulfide photon absorber to date. The experimental characterizations and </div><div>theoretical calculations highlight the enhanced effect of surface S vacancies on the </div><div>interfacial charge separation and transfer kinetics, and also demonstrate the </div><div>restrained surface states distribution and the transformation of active sites after </div><div>introducing surface S vacancies. This work may inspire more excellent work on </div><div>developing sulfide-based photoanodes. </div>

scholarly journals High-Performance Laterally Oriented Nanowire Solar Cells with Ag Gratings

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Yangan Zhang ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Xueguang Yuan ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Grating Period ◽  
Cutoff Wavelength ◽  
Carrier Recombination ◽  
Grating Diffraction

A laterally oriented GaAs p-i-n nanowire solar cell with Ag gratings is proposed and studied via coupled three-dimensional optoelectronic simulations. The results show that the gratings significantly enhance the absorption of nanowire for both TM and TE polarized light due to the combined effect of grating diffraction, excitation of plasmon polaritons, and suppression of carrier recombination. At an optimal grating period, the absorption at 650–800 nm, which is an absorption trough for pure nanowire, is substantially enhanced, raising the conversion efficiency from 8.7% to 14.7%. Moreover, the gratings enhance the weak absorption at long wavelengths and extend the absorption cutoff wavelength for ultrathin nanowires, yielding a remarkable efficiency of 13.3% for the NW with a small diameter of 90 nm, 2.6 times that without gratings. This work may pave the way toward the development of ultrathin high-efficiency nanoscale solar cells.

Cobalt and nitrogen co-doped Ni3S2 nanoflowers on nickel foam as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Du ◽  
Guangyu Ma ◽  
Xiaoshuang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Production Industry

The development of high-performance and cost-effective bifunctional water splitting catalysts are of enormous significance to the hydrogen production industry from water electrolysis. Herein, an in-situ Co and N co-doping method...

New hydrogenation systems of unsaturated organic compounds using noble metal-deposited palladium sheet electrodes with three-dimensional structures

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Iwakura ◽  
Yasuki Yoshida ◽  
Setsuro Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogenation Rate ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Compartment Cell

A successive hydrogenation system was constructed using a two-compartment cell separated by a Pd sheet. The hydrogenation rate changed greatly, depending on the kind of substrates used. For the purpose of improving the hydrogenation rate, the surface of a Pd sheet was modified with highly active catalysts such as Pd black, Pt, and Au by using active hydrogen passing through the Pd sheet as a reducing agent. As a result, the hydrogenation rate of unsaturated organic compounds such as 4-methylstyrene was markedly increased by the surface modification with these catalysts due to the increase in reaction zone and appearance of new active sites.

Nanoporous Metals for Catalytic and Optical Applications

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
Mingwei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Porous Network ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nanoporous Metals

AbstractNanoporous metals (NPMs) made by dealloying represent a class of functional materials with the unique structural properties of mechanical rigidity, electrical conductivity, and high corrosion resistance. They also possess a porous network structure with feature dimensions tunable within a wide range from a few nanometers to several microns. Coupled with a rich surface chemistry for further functionalization, NPMs have great potential for applications in heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, fuel cell technologies, biomolecular sensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and plasmonics. This article summarizes recent advances in some of these areas and, in particular, we focus on the discussion of microstructure, catalytic, and optical properties of nanoporous gold (NPG). With advanced electron microscopy, three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions of NPG have been realized that yield quantitative characterizations of key morphological parameters involved in the intricate structure. Catalytic and electrocatalytic investigations demonstrate that bare NPG is already catalytically active for many important reactions such as CO and glucose oxidation. Surface functionalization with other metals, such as Pt, produces very efficient electrocatalysts, which have been used as promising fuel cell electrode materials with very low precious metal loading. Additionally, NPG and related materials possess outstanding optical properties in plasmonics and SERS. They hold promise to act as highly active, stable, and economically affordable substrates in high-performance instrumentation applications for chemical inspection and biomolecular diagnostics. Finally, we conclude with some perspectives that appear to warrant future investigation.

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