Ionic contrast across a lipid membrane for Debye length extension: towards an ultimate bioelectronic transducer

AbstractDespite technological advances in biomolecule detections, evaluation of molecular interactions via potentiometric devices under ion-enriched solutions has remained a long-standing problem. To avoid severe performance degradation of bioelectronics by ionic screening effects, we cover probe surfaces of field effect transistors with a single film of the supported lipid bilayer, and realize respectable potentiometric signals from receptor–ligand bindings irrespective of ionic strength of bulky solutions by placing an ion-free water layer underneath the supported lipid bilayer. High-energy X-ray reflectometry together with the circuit analysis and molecular dynamics simulation discovered biochemical findings that effective electrical signals dominantly originated from the sub-nanoscale conformational change of lipids in the course of receptor–ligand bindings. Beyond thorough analysis on the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the proposed supported lipid bilayer-field effect transistor platform ensures the world-record level of sensitivity in molecular detection with excellent reproducibility regardless of molecular charges and environmental ionic conditions.

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Ionic contrast across a lipid membrane for Debye length extension: towards an ultimate bioelectronics transducer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96572/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Donggeun Lee ◽

Suho Lee ◽

Eui-Sang Yu ◽

Taikjin Lee ◽

Jae Hun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Membrane ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Debye Length ◽

Free Water ◽

Water Layer ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

High Energy ◽

Receptor Ligand ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Ionic Contrast

Abstract Despite technological advances in biomolecule detections, evaluation of molecular interactions via potentiometric devices under ion-enriched solutions has remained a long-standing problem. To avoid severe performance degradation of bioelectronics by ionic screening effects, we cover probe surfaces of field effect transistors (FETs) with a single film of the supported lipid bilayer (SLB), and realize outstanding potentiometric signals from receptor-ligand bindings irrespective of ionic strength of bulky solutions by placing an ion-free water layer underneath the SLB. High-energy X-ray reflectometry together with the circuit analysis discovered biochemical findings that effective electrical signals dominantly originated from the sub-nanoscale conformational change of lipids in the course of receptor-ligand bindings. Beyond thorough analysis on the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the proposed SLB-FET platform ensures the world-record level of sensitivity in molecular detection with excellent reproducibility regardless of molecular charges and environmental ionic conditions.

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Sensing Ability and Formation Criterion of Fluid Supported Lipid Bilayer Coated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors

ACS Sensors ◽

10.1021/acssensors.8b01623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 892-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shu-Kai Hu ◽

Fang-Yen Lo ◽

Chih-Chen Hsieh ◽

Ling Chao

Keyword(s):

Lipid Bilayer ◽

Field Effect ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Supported Lipid Bilayer

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Influence of the Electrolyte Salt Concentration on DNA Detection with Graphene Transistors

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios11010024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Agnes Purwidyantri ◽

Telma Domingues ◽

Jérôme Borme ◽

Joana Rafaela Guerreiro ◽

Andrey Ipatov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Field Effect ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Debye Length ◽

Intermolecular Forces ◽

Single Layer Graphene ◽

Dna Adsorption

Liquid-gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFET) are ultrasensitive bio-detection platforms carrying out the graphene’s exceptional intrinsic functionalities. Buffer and dilution factor are prevalent strategies towards the optimum performance of the GFETs. However, beyond the Debye length (λD), the role of the graphene-electrolytes’ ionic species interactions on the DNA behavior at the nanoscale interface is complicated. We studied the characteristics of the GFETs under different ionic strength, pH, and electrolyte type, e.g., phosphate buffer (PB), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), in an automatic portable built-in system. The electrostatic gating and charge transfer phenomena were inferred from the field-effect measurements of the Dirac point position in single-layer graphene (SLG) transistors transfer curves. Results denote that λD is not the main factor governing the effective nanoscale screening environment. We observed that the longer λD was not the determining characteristic for sensitivity increment and limit of detection (LoD) as demonstrated by different types and ionic strengths of measuring buffers. In the DNA hybridization study, our findings show the role of the additional salts present in PBS, as compared to PB, in increasing graphene electron mobility, electrostatic shielding, intermolecular forces and DNA adsorption kinetics leading to an improved sensitivity.

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Experimental and molecular dynamics studies of an ultra-fast sequential hydrogen plasma process for fabricating phosphorene-based sensors

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95463-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Rajabali ◽

H. Asgharyan ◽

V. Fadaei Naeini ◽

A. Boudaghi ◽

B. Zabihi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Field Effect ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Hydrogen Plasma ◽

Device Fabrication ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Red Phosphorus ◽

Large Area ◽

Low Concentration

AbstractLow concentration phosphorene-based sensors have been fabricated using a facile and ultra-fast process which is based on an exfoliation-free sequential hydrogen plasma treatment to convert the amorphous phosphorus thin film into mono- or few-layered phosphorene sheets. These sheets have been realized directly on silicon substrates followed by the fabrication of field-effect transistors showing the low leakage current and reasonable mobility for the nano-sensors. Being capable of covering the whole surface of the silicon substrate, red phosphorus (RP) coated substrate has been employed to achieve large area phosphorene sheets. Unlike the available techniques including mechanical exfoliation, there is no need for any exfoliation and/or transfer step which is significant progress in shortening the device fabrication procedure. These phosphorene sheets have been examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Electrical output in different states of the crystallization as well as its correlation with the test parameters have been also extensively used to examine the evolution of the phosphorene sheets. By utilizing the fabricated devices, the sensitivity of the phosphorene based-field effect transistors to the soluble L-Cysteine in low concentrations has been studied by measuring the FET response to the different concentrations. At a gate voltage of − 2.5 V, the range of 0.07 to 0.60 mg/ml of the L-Cysteine has been distinguishably detected presenting a gate-controlled sensor for a low-concentration solution. A reactive molecular dynamics simulation has been also performed to track the details of this plasma-based crystallization. The obtained results showed that the imparted energy from hydrogen plasma resulted in a phase transition from a system containing red phosphorus atoms to the crystal one. Interestingly and according to the simulation results, there is a directional preference of crystal growth as the crystalline domains are being formed and RP atoms are more likely to re-locate in armchair than in zigzag direction.

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NAND And NOR Logic-In-Memory Comprising Silicon Nanowire Feedback Field-Effect Transistors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1130495/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yejin Yang ◽

Juhee Jeon ◽

Jaemin Son ◽

Kyoungah Cho ◽

Sangsig Kim

Keyword(s):

Processing Speed ◽

Field Effect ◽

High Performance ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Silicon Nanowire ◽

Logic Gate ◽

High Energy ◽

Zero Bias ◽

Computing Systems ◽

Data Movement

Abstract The processing of large amounts of data requires a high energy efficiency and fast processing time for high-performance computing systems. However, conventional von Neumann computing systems have performance limitations because of bottlenecks in data movement between separated processing and memory hierarchy, which causes latency and high power consumption. To overcome this hindrance, logic-in-memory (LIM) has been proposed that performs both data processing and memory operations. Here, we present a NAND and NOR LIM composed of silicon nanowidre feedback field-effect transistors, whose configuration resembles that of CMOS logic gate circuits. The LIM can perform memory operations to retain its output logic under zero-bias conditions as well as logic operations with a high processing speed of nanoseconds. The newly proposed dynamic voltage-transfer characteristics verify the operating principle of the LIM. This study demonstrates that the NAND and NOR LIM has promising potential to resolve power and processing speed issues.

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Aptamer–field-effect transistors overcome Debye length limitations for small-molecule sensing

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aao6750 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 362 (6412) ◽

pp. 319-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Nako Nakatsuka ◽

Kyung-Ae Yang ◽

John M. Abendroth ◽

Kevin M. Cheung ◽

Xiaobin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conformational Changes ◽

Field Effect ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Debye Length ◽

Stem Loop ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽

Specific Receptors ◽

Highly Sensitive Detection

Detection of analytes by means of field-effect transistors bearing ligand-specific receptors is fundamentally limited by the shielding created by the electrical double layer (the “Debye length” limitation). We detected small molecules under physiological high–ionic strength conditions by modifying printed ultrathin metal-oxide field-effect transistor arrays with deoxyribonucleotide aptamers selected to bind their targets adaptively. Target-induced conformational changes of negatively charged aptamer phosphodiester backbones in close proximity to semiconductor channels gated conductance in physiological buffers, resulting in highly sensitive detection. Sensing of charged and electroneutral targets (serotonin, dopamine, glucose, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) was enabled by specifically isolated aptameric stem-loop receptors.

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Influence of High-Energy Proton Irradiation on β-Ga2O3 Nanobelt Field-Effect Transistors

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/acsami.7b13881 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (46) ◽

pp. 40471-40476 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Gwangseok Yang ◽

Soohwan Jang ◽

Fan Ren ◽

Stephen J. Pearton ◽

Jihyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Field Effect ◽

Proton Irradiation ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Proton ◽

Energy Proton

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Targeting Antibodies to Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors by Pyrene Hydrazide Modification of Heavy Chain Carbohydrates

Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/490175 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Steingrimur Stefansson ◽

Hena H. Kwon ◽

Saeyoung Nate Ahn

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Field Effect ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Debye Length ◽

E Coli ◽

Immobilized Antibodies ◽

Large Size ◽

Antibody Orientation ◽

Effect Transistor

Many carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET) studies have used immobilized antibodies as the ligand binding moiety. However, antibodies are not optimal for CNT-FET detection due to their large size and charge. Their size can prevent ligands from reaching within the Debye length of the CNTs and a layer of charged antibodies on the circuits can drown out any ligand signal. In an attempt to minimize the antibody footprint on CNT-FETs, we examined whether pyrene hydrazide modification of antibody carbohydrates could reduce the concentration required to functionalize CNT circuits. The carbohydrates are almost exclusively on the antibody Fc region and this site-specific modification could mediate uniform antibody orientation on the CNTs. We compared the hydrazide modification of anti-E. coliO157:H7 polyclonal antibodies to pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester-coated CNTs and carbodiimide-mediated antibody CNT attachment. Our results show that the pyrene hydrazide modification was superior to those methods with respect to bacteria detection and less than 1 nM labeled antibody was required to functionalize the circuits.

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