scholarly journals Arsenene-mediated multiple independently targeted reactive oxygen species burst for cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Kong ◽  
Hanjie Zhang ◽  
Chan Feng ◽  
Chuang Liu ◽  
Yufen Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ros Burst ◽  
Imaging Properties

AbstractThe modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is crucial for cellular homeostasis and determination of cellular fate. A sublethal level of ROS sustains cell proliferation, differentiation and promotes tumor metastasis, while a drastic ROS burst directly induces apoptosis. Herein, surface-oxidized arsenene nanosheets (As/AsxOy NSs) with type II heterojunction are fabricated with efficient ·O2− and 1O2 production and glutathione consumption through prolonging the lifetime of photo-excited electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the portion of AsxOy with oxygen vacancies not only catalyzes a Fenton-like reaction, generating ·OH and O2 from H2O2, but also inactivates main anti-oxidants to cut off the “retreat routes” of ROS. After polydopamine (PDA) and cancer cell membrane (M) coating, the engineered As/AsxOy@PDA@M NSs serve as an intelligent theranostic platform with active tumor targeting and long-term blood circulation. Given its narrow-band-gap-enabled in vivo fluorescence imaging properties, As/AsxOy@PDA@M NSs could be applied as an imaging-guided non-invasive and real-time nanomedicine for cancer therapy.

Reactive oxygen species participate in acute renal vasoconstrictor responses induced by ETA and ETB receptors

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. F719-F728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Just ◽  
Christina L. Whitten ◽  
William J. Arendshorst
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in renal vasoconstrictor responses to acute and chronic stimulation by angiotensin II and norepinephrine, as well as in long-term effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Little is known about participation of ROS in acute vasoconstriction produced by ET-1. We tested the influence of NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition by apocynin [4 mg·kg−1·min−1, infused into the renal artery (ira)] on ETA and ETB receptor signaling in the renal microcirculation. Both receptors were stimulated by ET-1, ETA receptors by ET-1 during ETB antagonist BQ-788, and ETB by ETB agonist sarafotoxin 6C. ET-1 (1.5 pmol injected ira) reduced renal blood flow (RBF) 17 ± 4%. Apocynin raised baseline RBF (+10 ± 1%, P < 0.001) and attenuated the ET-1 response to 10 ± 2%, i.e., 35 ± 9% inhibition ( P < 0.05). Apocynin reduced ETA-induced vasoconstriction by 42 ± 12% ( P < 0.05) and that of ETB stimulation by 50 ± 8% ( P < 0.001). During nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition ( Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester), apocynin blunted ETA-mediated vasoconstriction by 60 ± 8% ( P < 0.01), whereas its effect on the ETB response (by 87 ± 8%, P < 0.001) was even larger without than with NO present ( P < 0.05). The cell-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol (5 mg·kg−1·min−1 ira), which reduces O2− and may elevate H2O2, attenuated ET-1 responses similar to apocynin (by 38 ± 6%, P < 0.01). We conclude that ROS, O2− rather than H2O2, contribute substantially to acute renal vasoconstriction elicited by both ETA and ETB receptors and to basal renal vasomotor tone in vivo. This physiological constrictor action of ROS does not depend on scavenging of NO. In contrast, scavenging of O2− by NO seems to be more important during ETB stimulation.

scholarly journals AKT1 and AKT2 maintain hematopoietic stem cell function by regulating reactive oxygen species

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (20) ◽  
pp. 4030-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa M. Juntilla ◽  
Vineet D. Patil ◽  
Marco Calamito ◽  
Rohan P. Joshi ◽  
Morris J. Birnbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
G0 Phase

Although AKT is essential for multiple cellular functions, the role of this kinase family in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is unknown. Thus, we analyzed HSC function in mice deficient in the 2 isoforms most highly expressed in the hematopoietic compartment, AKT1 and AKT2. Although loss of either isoform had only a minimal effect on HSC function, AKT1/2 double-deficient HSCs competed poorly against wild-type cells in the development of myeloid and lymphoid cells in in vivo reconstitution assays. Serial transplantations revealed an essential role for AKT1 and AKT2 in the maintenance of long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs). AKT1/2 double-deficient LT-HSCs were found to persist in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that the long-term functional defects are caused by increased quiescence. Furthermore, we found that the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is dependent on AKT because double-deficient HSCs demonstrate decreased ROS. The importance of maintaining ROS for HSC differentiation was shown by a rescue of the differentiation defect after pharmacologically increasing ROS levels in double-deficient HSCs. These data implicate AKT1 and AKT2 as critical regulators of LT-HSC function and suggest that defective ROS homeostasis may contribute to failed hematopoiesis.

Nitrate tolerance does not increase production of peroxynitrite in the heart

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. H69-H76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Csont ◽  
Csaba Csonka ◽  
Annamária Ónody ◽  
Anikó Görbe ◽  
László Dux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrate Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Nitrate Treatment

Clinical studies have suggested that long-term nitrate treatment does not improve and may even worsen cardiovascular mortality, and the possible role of nitrate tolerance has been suspected. Nitrate tolerance has been recently shown to increase vascular superoxide and peroxynitrite production leading to vascular dysfunction. Nevertheless, nitrates exert direct cardiac effects independent from their vascular actions. Therefore, we investigated whether in vivo nitroglycerin treatment leading to vascular nitrate tolerance increases cardiac formation of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species, and peroxynitrite, thereby leading to cardiac dysfunction. Nitrate tolerance increased bioavailability of NO in the heart without increasing formation of reactive oxygen species. Despite elevated myocardial NO, neither cardiac markers of peroxynitrite formation nor cardiac mechanical function were affected by nitroglycerin treatment. However, serum free nitrotyrosine, a marker for systemic peroxynitrite formation, was significantly elevated in nitroglycerin-treated animals. This is the first demonstration that, although the systemic effects of nitroglycerin may be deleterious due to enhancement of extracardiac peroxynitrite formation, nitroglycerin does not result in oxidative damage in the heart.

scholarly journals The effective in vivo mitochondrial-targeting nanocarrier combined with a π-extended porphyrin-type photosensitizer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satrialdi . ◽  
Yuta Takano ◽  
Eri Hirata ◽  
Natsumi Ushijima ◽  
H. Harashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Targeting

A photochemical reaction mediated by light-activated molecules (photosensitizers) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes molecular oxygen to be converted into highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is beneficial for cancer therapy....

scholarly journals Development of a PET radiotracer for non-invasive imaging of the reactive oxygen species, superoxide, in vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 4421-4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua Chu ◽  
Andre Chepetan ◽  
Dong Zhou ◽  
Kooresh I. Shoghi ◽  
Jinbin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pet Tracer

Non-invasive imaging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo was investigated using a dihydroethidium analog [18F]12 as a PET radiotracer. The data shown indicates that [18F]12 is a promising PET tracer for non-invasive imaging of ROS in vivo.

scholarly journals Targeting autophagy enhances atezolizumab-induced mitochondria-related apoptosis in osteosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuochao Liu ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Chuanzhen Hu ◽  
Chuanlong Wu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

AbstractIn this study, we identified the multifaceted effects of atezolizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody against PD-L1, in tumor suppression except for restoring antitumor immunity, and investigated the promising ways to improve its efficacy. Atezolizumab could inhibit the proliferation and induce immune-independent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. With further exploration, we found that atezolizumab could impair mitochondria of osteosarcoma cells, resulting in increased release of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome-c, eventually leading to mitochondrial-related apoptosis via activating JNK pathway. Nevertheless, the excessive release of reactive oxygen species also activated the protective autophagy of osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, when we combined atezolizumab with autophagy inhibitors, the cytotoxic effect of atezolizumab on osteosarcoma cells was significantly enhanced in vitro. Further in vivo experiments also confirmed that atezolizumab combined with chloroquine achieved the most significant antitumor effect. Taken together, our study indicates that atezolizumab can induce mitochondrial-related apoptosis and protective autophagy independently of the immune system, and targeting autophagy is a promising combinatorial approach to amplify its cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Biological autoluminescence for assessing oxidative processes in yeast cell cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Vahalová ◽  
Kateřina Červinková ◽  
Michal Cifra
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractNowadays, modern medicine is looking for new, more gentle, and more efficient diagnostic methods. A pathological state of an organism is often closely connected with increased amount of reactive oxygen species. They can react with biomolecules and subsequent reactions can lead to very low endogenous light emission (biological autoluminescence—BAL). This phenomenon can be potentially used as a non-invasive and low-operational-cost tool for monitoring oxidative stress during diseases. To contribute to the understanding of the parameters affecting BAL, we analyzed the BAL from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a representative eukaryotic organism. The relationship between the BAL intensity and the amount of reactive oxygen species that originates as a result of the Fenton reaction as well as correlation between spontaneous BAL and selected physical and chemical parameters (pH, oxygen partial pressure, and cell concentration) during cell growth were established. Our results contribute to real-time non-invasive methodologies for monitoring oxidative processes in biomedicine and biotechnology.

scholarly journals Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Zielinska-Blizniewska ◽  
Przemyslaw Sitarek ◽  
Anna Merecz-Sadowska ◽  
Katarzyna Malinowska ◽  
Karolina Zajdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species

Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.

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