scholarly journals Gut microbiota determines the social behavior of mice and induces metabolic and inflammatory changes in their adipose tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oryan Agranyoni ◽  
Sapir Meninger-Mordechay ◽  
Atara Uzan ◽  
Oren Ziv ◽  
Mali Salmon-Divon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inflammatory Profile

AbstractThe link between the gut microbiota and social behavior has been demonstrated, however the translational impact of a certain microbiota composition on stable behavioral patterns is yet to be elucidated. Here we employed an established social behavior mouse model of dominance (Dom) or submissiveness (Sub). A comprehensive 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of Dom and Sub mice revealed a significantly different gut microbiota composition that clearly distinguishes between the two behavioral modes. Sub mice gut microbiota is significantly less diverse than that of Dom mice, and their taxa composition uniquely comprised the genera Mycoplasma and Anaeroplasma of the Tenericutes phylum, in addition to the Rikenellaceae and Clostridiaceae families. Conversely, the gut microbiota of Dom mice includes the genus Prevotella of the Bacteriodetes phylum, significantly less abundant in Sub mice. In addition, Sub mice show lower body weight from the age of 2 weeks and throughout their life span, accompanied with lower epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT) mass and smaller adipocytes together with substantially elevated expression of inflammation and metabolic-related eWAT adipokines. Finally, fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice show that Sub-transplanted mice acquired Sub microbiota and adopted their behavioral and physiological features, including depressive-like and anti-social behaviors alongside reduced eWAT mass, smaller adipocytes, and a Sub-like eWAT adipokine profile. Our findings demonstrate the critical role of the gut microbiome in determining dominance vs. submissiveness and suggest an association between gut microbiota, the eWAT metabolic and inflammatory profile, and the social behavior mode.

scholarly journals The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces autistic-like behaviors in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Bermudez-Martin ◽  
Jérôme A. J. Becker ◽  
Nicolas Caramello ◽  
Sebastian P. Fernandez ◽  
Renan Costa-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Metabolite ◽  
Central Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, changes in microbiota composition as well as in the fecal, serum, and urine levels of microbial metabolites. Yet a causal relationship between dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ASD remains to be demonstrated. Here, we hypothesized that the microbial metabolite p-Cresol, which is more abundant in ASD patients compared to neurotypical individuals, could induce ASD-like behavior in mice. Results Mice exposed to p-Cresol for 4 weeks in drinking water presented social behavior deficits, stereotypies, and perseverative behaviors, but no changes in anxiety, locomotion, or cognition. Abnormal social behavior induced by p-Cresol was associated with decreased activity of central dopamine neurons involved in the social reward circuit. Further, p-Cresol induced changes in microbiota composition and social behavior deficits could be transferred from p-Cresol-treated mice to control mice by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We also showed that mice transplanted with the microbiota of p-Cresol-treated mice exhibited increased fecal p-Cresol excretion, compared to mice transplanted with the microbiota of control mice. In addition, we identified possible p-Cresol bacterial producers. Lastly, the microbiota of control mice rescued social interactions, dopamine neurons excitability, and fecal p-Cresol levels when transplanted to p-Cresol-treated mice. Conclusions The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces selectively ASD core behavioral symptoms in mice. Social behavior deficits induced by p-Cresol are dependant on changes in microbiota composition. Our study paves the way for therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiota and p-Cresol production to treat patients with ASD.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Controls Murine Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by Modulating Immune Cell Functions and Gut Microbiota Composition

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Burrello ◽  
Maria Rita Giuffrè ◽  
Angeli Dominique Macandog ◽  
Angelica Diaz-Basabe ◽  
Fulvia Milena Cribiù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Different gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), have been linked to alterations of the gut microbiota composition, namely dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered an encouraging therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis patients, mostly as a consequence of normobiosis restoration. We recently showed that therapeutic effects of FMT during acute experimental colitis are linked to functional modulation of the mucosal immune system and of the gut microbiota composition. Here we analysed the effects of therapeutic FMT administration during chronic experimental colitis, a condition more similar to that of IBD patients, on immune-mediated mucosal inflammatory pathways. Mucus and feces from normobiotic donors were orally administered to mice with established chronic Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Immunophenotypes and functions of infiltrating colonic immune cells were evaluated by cytofluorimetric analysis. Compositional differences in the intestinal microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Therapeutic FMT in mice undergoing chronic intestinal inflammation was capable to decrease colonic inflammation by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins. Innate and adaptive mucosal immune cells manifested a reduced pro-inflammatory profile in FMT-treated mice. Finally, restoration of a normobiotic core ecology contributed to the resolution of inflammation. Thus, FMT is capable of controlling chronic intestinal experimental colitis by inducing a concerted activation of anti-inflammatory immune pathways, mechanistically supporting the positive results of FMT treatment reported in ulcerative colitis patients.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Composition Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Patients

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Lee ◽  
Mohamed Mannaa ◽  
Yunkyung Kim ◽  
Jehun Kim ◽  
Geun-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the gut microbiota composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with osteoarthritis (OA). Stool samples from nine RA patients and nine OA patients were collected, and DNA was extracted. The gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The structures and differences in the gut microbiome between RA and OA were analyzed. The analysis of diversity revealed no differences in the complexity of samples. The RA group had a lower Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio than did the OA group. Lactobacilli and Prevotella, particularly Prevotella copri, were more abundant in the RA than in the OA group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium was lower in the RA group. At the species level, the abundance of certain bacterial species was significantly lower in the RA group, such as Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Dialister invisus, Clostridium leptum, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Harryflintia acetispora, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Christensenella minuta. The microbial properties of the gut differed between RA and OA patients, and the RA dysbiosis revealed results similar to those of other autoimmune diseases, suggesting that a specific gut microbiota pattern is related to autoimmunity.

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Donor on Recipient Mice Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhong ◽  
Jiahong Cao ◽  
Zhaoxi Deng ◽  
Yanfei Ma ◽  
Jianxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Random Forest Models

Both fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and dietary fiber intervention were verified as effective ways to manipulate the gut microbiota, whereas little is known about the influence of the combined methods on gut microbiota. Here, we constructed “non-industrialized” and “industrialized” gut microbiota models to investigate the donor effect of FMT and diet effect in shaping the gut microbiota. Mice were transplanted fecal microbiota from domestic pig and received a diet with low-fiber (D) or high-fiber (DF), whereas the other two groups were transplanted fecal microbiota from wild pig and then received a diet with low-fiber (W) or high-fiber (WF), respectively. Gut microbiota of WF mice showed a lower Shannon and Simpson index (P < 0.05), whereas gut microbiota of W mice showed no significant difference than that of D and DF mice. Random forest models revealed the major differential bacteria genera between four groups, including Anaeroplasma or unclassified_o_Desulfovibrionales, which were influenced by FMT or diet intervention, respectively. Besides, we found a lower out-of-bag rate in the random forest model constructed for dietary fiber (0.086) than that for FMT (0.114). Linear discriminant analysis effective size demonstrated that FMT combined with dietary fiber altered specific gut microbiota, including Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa, Clostridium XI, and Akkermansia, in D, DF, W, and WF mice, respectively. Our results revealed that FMT from different donors coupled with dietary fiber intervention could lead to different patterns of gut microbiota composition, and dietary fiber might play a more critical role in shaping gut microbiota than FMT donor. Strategies based on dietary fiber can influence the effectiveness of FMT in the recipient.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolomic Profiles of Wild and Captive Chinese Monals (Lophophorus lhuysii) 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Marc Valitutto ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background：The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains of southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolome of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiota composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results: The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial taxa in the two groups showed remarkable differences at phylum, class, order, and family levels. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, strong correlations of metabolite types and bacterial genus were detected. Conclusions: There were remarkable differences in the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile between wild and captive Chinese monals. This study has established a baseline for a normal gut microbiota and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive organisms have an impact on their overall health and reproduction.

scholarly journals Fecal Supernatant from Adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder Alters Digestive Functions, Intestinal Epithelial Barrier, and Enteric Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1723
Author(s):  
Jacques Gonzales ◽  
Justine Marchix ◽  
Laetitia Aymeric ◽  
Catherine Le Berre-Scoul ◽  
Johanna Zoppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Α Diversity

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders defined by impaired social interactions and communication with repetitive behaviors, activities, or interests. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances and gut microbiota dysbiosis are frequently associated with ASD in childhood. However, it is not known whether microbiota dysbiosis in ASD patients also occurs in adulthood. Further, the consequences of altered gut microbiota on digestive functions and the enteric nervous system (ENS) remain unexplored. Therefore, we studied, in mice, the ability offecal supernatant (FS) from adult ASD patients to induce GI dysfunctions and ENS remodeling. First, the analyses of the fecal microbiota composition in adult ASD patients indicated a reduced α-diversity and increased abundance of three bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants compared to healthy controls (HC). The transfer of FS from ASD patients (FS–ASD) to mice decreased colonic barrier permeability by 29% and 58% compared to FS–HC for paracellular and transcellular permeability, respectively. These effects are associated with the reduced expression of the tight junction proteins JAM-A, ZO-2, cingulin, and proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1β. In addition, the expression of glial and neuronal molecules was reduced by FS–ASD as compared to FS-HC in particular for those involved in neuronal connectivity (βIII-tubulin and synapsin decreased by 31% and 67%, respectively). Our data suggest that changes in microbiota composition in ASD may contribute to GI alterations, and in part, via ENS remodeling.

Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Allergic Rhinitis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiaolin Cao ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the immune system and may be closely connected to the development of allergic diseases. Objective This study aimed to determine the gut microbiota composition in Chinese allergic rhinitis (AR) patients as compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods We collected stool samples from 93 AR patients and 72 age- and sex-matched HCs. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using QIIME targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Functional pathways were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe), analysis of QIIME, and statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles, among other tests. Results Compared with HCs, AR patients had significantly lower gut-microbiota α-diversity ( P < .001). The gut microbiota composition significantly differed between the 2 study groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher while those of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were lower in the AR group than in the HC group ( P < .001, q < 0.001). At the genus level, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, and Parabacteroides ( P < .001, q < 0.001) had significantly higher relative abundances in the AR group than in the HC group. LefSe analysis indicated that Escherichia-Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Dialister were potential biomarkers for AR. In addition, predictive metagenome functional analysis showed that pyruvate, porphyrin, chlorophyll, purine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis significantly differed between the AR and HC groups. Conclusion A comparison of the gut microbiota of AR patients and HCs suggested that dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota is involved in the development of AR. The present results may reveal key differences and identify targets for preventive or therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Discovery of Predictors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Response Efficiency in Pigs: 16S rRNA Gene Fecal Microbiota Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Peris M. Munyaka ◽  
Fany Blanc ◽  
Jordi Estellé ◽  
Gaëtan Lemonnier ◽  
Jean-Jacques Leplat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Time Points

The gut microbiota comprises a large and diverse community of bacteria that play a significant role in swine health. Indeed, there is a tight association between the enteric immune system and the overall composition and richness of the microbiota, which is key in the induction, training and function of the host immunity, and may therefore, influence the immune response to vaccination. Using vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) as a model, we investigated the potential of early-life gut microbiota in predicting vaccine response and explored the post-vaccination dynamics of fecal microbiota at later time points. At 28 days of age (0 days post-vaccination; dpv), healthy piglets were vaccinated, and a booster vaccine was administered at 21 dpv. Blood samples were collected at 0, 21, 28, 35, and 118 dpv to measure M. hyo-specific IgG levels. Fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected at 0, 21, 35, and 118 dpv. The results showed variability in antibody response among individual pigs, whilst pre-vaccination operational taxonomic units (OTUs) primarily belonging to Prevotella, [Prevotella], Anaerovibrio, and Sutterella appeared to best-predict vaccine response. Microbiota composition did not differ between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs at post-vaccination time points, but the time effect was significant irrespective of the animals’ vaccination status. Our study provides insight into the role of pre-vaccination gut microbiota composition in vaccine response and emphasizes the importance of studies on full metagenomes and microbial metabolites aimed at deciphering the role of specific bacteria and bacterial genes in the modulation of vaccine response.

scholarly journals Long-term impact of fecal transplantation in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Goloshchapov ◽  
Evgenii I. Olekhnovich ◽  
Sergey V. Sidorenko ◽  
Ivan S. Moiseev ◽  
Maxim A. Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Colonization

Abstract Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been recently approved by FDA for the treatment of refractory recurrent clostridial colitis (rCDI). Success of FTM in treatment of rCDI led to a number of studies investigating the effectiveness of its application in the other gastrointestinal diseases. However, in the majority of studies the effects of FMT were evaluated on the patients with initially altered microbiota. The aim of our study was to estimate effects of FMT on the gut microbiota composition in healthy volunteers and to monitor its long-term outcomes. Results We have performed a combined analysis of three healthy volunteers before and after capsule FMT by evaluating their general condition, adverse clinical effects, changes of basic laboratory parameters, and several immune markers. Intestinal microbiota samples were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing. The data analysis demonstrated profound shift towards the donor microbiota taxonomic composition in all volunteers. Following FMT, all the volunteers exhibited gut colonization with donor gut bacteria and persistence of this effect for almost ∼1 year of observation. Transient changes of immune parameters were consistent with suppression of T-cell cytotoxicity. FMT was well tolerated with mild gastrointestinal adverse events, however, one volunteer developed a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Conclusions The FMT leads to significant long-term changes of the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers with the shift towards donor microbiota composition and represents a relatively safe procedure to the recipients without long-term adverse events.

scholarly journals Long-term impact of fecal transplantation in healthy volunteers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V Goloshchapov ◽  
Evgenii I Olekhnovich ◽  
Sergey V Sidorenko ◽  
Ivan S Moiseev ◽  
Maxim A Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Long Term Changes

AbstractBackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is now approved for the treatment of refractory recurrent clostridial colitis, but a number of studies are ongoing in inflammatory bowel diseases, i.e., Crohn’s disease, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, and in other autoimmune conditions. In most cases, the effects of FMT are evaluated on patients with initially altered microbiota. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of FMT on the gut microbiota composition in healthy volunteers and to track long-term changes.ResultsWe have performed a combined analysis of three healthy volunteers before and after FMT with frozen capsules, followed by evaluation of their general condition, adverse clinical effects, changes of basic laboratory parameters, and several immune markers. Intestinal microbiota samples were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S seq) and shotgun sequencing (or whole-genome sequencing – WGS). The data analysis demonstrated the profound shift towards the donor microbiota taxonomic composition in all volunteers. Following FMT, all the volunteers exhibited gut colonization with donor gut bacteria, and persistence of this effect for almost ~1 year of observation. Transient changes of immune parameters were consistent with suppression of T-cell cytotoxicity. FMT was well tolerated with mild gastrointestinal adverse events and systemic inflammatory response in one volunteer.ConclusionsThe FMT procedure leads to significant long-term changes of the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers with the shift towards donor microbiota composition, being relatively safe to the recipients without long-term adverse events.

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