scholarly journals Hardening and Strain Localisation in Helium-Ion-Implanted Tungsten

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchandrima Das ◽  
Hongbing Yu ◽  
Edmund Tarleton ◽  
Felix Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Strain Localisation ◽  
Slip Step ◽  
Dislocation Glide ◽  
Fusion Neutron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Helium Ion ◽  
Pile Up

AbstractTungsten is the main candidate material for plasma-facing armour components in future fusion reactors. In-service, fusion neutron irradiation creates lattice defects through collision cascades. Helium, injected from plasma, aggravates damage by increasing defect retention. Both can be mimicked using helium-ion-implantation. In a recent study on 3000 appm helium-implanted tungsten (W-3000He), we hypothesized helium-induced irradiation hardening, followed by softening during deformation. The hypothesis was founded on observations of large increase in hardness, substantial pile-up and slip-step formation around nano-indents and Laue diffraction measurements of localised deformation underlying indents. Here we test this hypothesis by implementing it in a crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) formulation, simulating nano-indentation in W-3000He at 300 K. The model considers thermally-activated dislocation glide through helium-defect obstacles, whose barrier strength is derived as a function of defect concentration and morphology. Only one fitting parameter is used for the simulated helium-implanted tungsten; defect removal rate. The simulation captures the localised large pile-up remarkably well and predicts confined fields of lattice distortions and geometrically necessary dislocation underlying indents which agree quantitatively with previous Laue measurements. Strain localisation is further confirmed through high resolution electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements on cross-section lift-outs from centre of nano-indents in W-3000He.

Observation of Dislocation Glide in Duplex Ti-48at.% Al after Room Temperature Tensile Deformation

2008 ◽  
Vol 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg M. K. Wiezorek ◽  
Andreas K. Kulovits
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Orientation Relation ◽  
Dislocation Glide ◽  
Dislocation Activity ◽  
Pyramidal Slip ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Fully Lamellar

AbstractIn this study we investigated the deformation behavior of the hexagonal ordered phase α2- Ti3Al in Duplex TiAl under tensile loading. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the orientation relation ships (OR) between α2-Ti3Al and the L10 ordered γ- TiAl phase are very different as compared to the OR common in fully lamellar PST TiAl. We observed deformation related <2c+a> dislocation activity on pyramidal slip systems in the α2-phase during post situ TEM analyses. We rationalize this observation by the possible build up of pile up stresses in γ-TiAl due to the different OR with the α2-Ti3Al phase that can possibly lead to the activation of <2c+a> dislocation activity on pyramidal slip systems with similarly resolved stresses in the α2-Ti3Al phase.

Recrystallization Behavior of the Nickel-Based ODS Superalloy PM 1000

2007 ◽  
Vol 558-559 ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
Hugo Ricardo Zschommler Sandim ◽  
Alexandra O.F. Hayama ◽  
Dierk Raabe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽  
Primary Recrystallization ◽  
Oxide Dispersion ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

PM 1000 is a nickel-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloy used for high-temperature applications. The primary recrystallization of a <100>-fiber textured coarsegrained oxide dispersion strengthened nickel-based superalloy (PM 1000) has been investigated. The annealing behavior of this alloy is quite complex. Even when annealing is performed at high homologous temperatures (e.g. 0.9 Tm, Tm is the melting point), recrystallization is partial. In order to understand such a behavior, the microstructure of specimens in both the as-received, deformed, and annealed conditions has been imaged in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). In the annealed state we observe a significant volume fraction of tiny crystals in the interior of the recovered grains. These tiny grains are elongated and grow mostly along the existing low angle dislocation boundaries (anisotropic growth). In the present paper we propose a twinningassisted nucleation mechanism to clarify their origin during recrystallization.

Microstructure Characterization of Large Strain Deformed Fe-32%Ni Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Bai Xiong Liu ◽  
Bao Jun Han
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to investigate the microstructure of Fe-32%Ni alloy processed by large strain multi-axial forging. The samples were compressed with loading direction changed through 90º from pass to pass at temperature of 500°C and a strain rate of 10-2/s. The results show the microstructure evolution is characterized by full development of almost equi-axed fine grains, not well-developed grain boundaries accompanied by high dislocation density and the existence of extensive extinction contours in the vicinity of grain boundaries, and the structure characteristics indicate that the grain boundaries are in a non-equilibrium state with high internal stresses.

Interface structures in polycrystalline ceramic materials

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 468-471
Author(s):  
K. J. Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Interface Structures

Grain boundaries and interfaces play an important role in determining both physical and mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials. To understand how the structure of interfaces can be controlled to optimize properties, it is necessary to understand and be able to predict their crystal chemistry. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analytical electron microscopy (AEM,), and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) are essential tools for the characterization of the different types of interfaces which exist in ceramic systems. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate some specific areas in which understanding interface structure is important. Interfaces in sintered bodies, materials produced through phase transformation and electronic packaging are discussed.

Structure of stacking faults in pyrite using TEM techniques

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Raja Subramanian ◽  
Kenneth S. Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Group Symmetry ◽  
Iron Pyrite ◽  
Dislocation Glide ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Chlorine Ions

The structure of stacking faults and partial dislocations in iron pyrite (FeS2) have been studied using transmission electron microscopy. Pyrite has the NaCl structure in which the sodium ions are replaced by iron and chlorine ions by covalently-bonded pairs of sulfur ions. These sulfur pairs are oriented along the <111> direction. This covalent bond between sulfur atoms is the strongest bond in pyrite with Pa3 space group symmetry. These sulfur pairs are believed to move as a whole during dislocation glide. The lattice structure across these stacking faults is of interest as the presence of these stacking faults has been preliminarily linked to a higher sulfur reactivity in pyrite. Conventional TEM contrast analysis and high resolution lattice imaging of the faulted area in the TEM specimen has been carried out.

High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of an automobile catalytic converter

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-243
Author(s):  
Jan-Olle Malm ◽  
Jan-Olov Bovin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Atomic Surface

Understanding of catalytic processes requires detailed knowledge of the catalyst. As heterogeneous catalysis is a surface phenomena the understanding of the atomic surface structure of both the active material and the support material is of utmost importance. This work is a high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) study of different phases found in a used automobile catalytic converter.The high resolution micrographs were obtained with a JEM-4000EX working with a structural resolution better than 0.17 nm and equipped with a Gatan 622 TV-camera with an image intensifier. Some work (e.g. EDS-analysis and diffraction) was done with a JEM-2000FX equipped with a Link AN10000 EDX spectrometer. The catalytic converter in this study has been used under normal driving conditions for several years and has also been poisoned by using leaded fuel. To prepare the sample, parts of the monolith were crushed, dispersed in methanol and a drop of the dispersion was placed on the holey carbon grid.

Recent developments in automated Transmission Electron MI

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Computer Image ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Near Future

There is growing interest in the on-line use of computers in high-resolution electron n which should reduce the demands on highly skilled operators and thereby extend the r of the technique. An on-line computer could obviously perform routine procedures hand, or else facilitate automation of various restoration, reconstruction and enhan These techniques are slow and cumbersome at present because of the need for cai micrographs and off-line processing. In low resolution microscopy (most biologic; primary incentive for automation and computer image analysis is to create a instrument, with standard programmed procedures. In HREM (materials researc computer image analysis should lead to better utilization of the microscope. Instru (improved lens design and higher accelerating voltages) have improved the interpretab the level of atomic dimensions (approximately 1.6 Å) and instrumental resolutior should become feasible in the near future.

scholarly journals Oxygen Induced Phase Transformation in TC21 Alloy with a Lamellar Microstructure

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Shu Wang ◽  
Yilong Liang ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Chaowen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Lamellar Microstructure ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Oxygen Ingress

The main objective of the present study was to understand the oxygen ingress in titanium alloys at high temperatures. Investigations reveal that the oxygen diffusion layer (ODL) caused by oxygen ingress significantly affects the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-temperature oxygen ingress behavior of TC21 alloy with a lamellar microstructure was investigated. Microstructural characterizations were analyzed through optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Obtained results demonstrate that oxygen-induced phase transformation not only enhances the precipitation of secondary α-phase (αs) and forms more primary α phase (αp), but also promotes the recrystallization of the ODL. It was found that as the temperature of oxygen uptake increases, the thickness of the ODL initially increases and then decreases. The maximum depth of the ODL was obtained for the oxygen uptake temperature of 960 °C. In addition, a gradient microstructure (αp + β + βtrans)/(αp + βtrans)/(αp + β) was observed in the experiment. Meanwhile, it was also found that the hardness and dislocation density in the ODL is higher than that that of the matrix.

Where are the geometrically necessary dislocations accommodating small imprints?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rester ◽  
C. Motz ◽  
R. Pippan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Twin Boundary ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Copper Single Crystals ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Small Misorientation

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of small indentations in copper single crystals exhibit only slight changes of the crystal orientation in the surroundings of the imprints. Far-reaching dislocations might be the reason for these small misorientation changes. Using EBSD and TEM technique, this work makes an attempt to visualize the far-propagating dislocations by introducing a twin boundary in the vicinity of small indentations. Because dislocations piled up at the twin boundary produce a misorientation gradient, the otherwise far-propagating dislocations can be detected.

Orientation relationships of carlsbergite in schreibersite and kamacite in the north Chile iron meteorite

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nolze ◽  
G. Wagner ◽  
R. Saliwan Neumann ◽  
R. Skála ◽  
V. Geist
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Iron Meteorite ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
Orientation Relation ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
The North ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
General Connection

AbstractThe crystallographic orientation of carlsbergite (CrN) in the north Chile meteorite (hexahedrite) was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. These studies examined the CrN crystals in the rhabdites (idiomorphic schreibersite) and in kamacite. It was found that the CrN crystals embedded in rhabdite show a number of different orientation relationships with the host crystals. These orientations can be explained based on the lattice dimensions of both coexisting crystalline materials. It was also found that both carlsbergite and kamacite are characterized by a high dislocation density (≥ l09 cm-2) while rhabdite is free of dislocations. It is supposed that in spite of the deformed metallic matrix, a general connection between the orientation relation of all the phases involved exists.

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