scholarly journals Serum circular RNAs act as blood-based biomarkers for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Sonnenschein ◽  
Adriana Luisa Wilczek ◽  
David de Gonzalo-Calvo ◽  
Angelika Pfanne ◽  
Anselm Arthur Derda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common hereditary heart diseases and is associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. HCM is characterized by pronounced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, fiber disarray and development of fibrosis and can be divided into a non-obstructive (HNCM) and obstructive form (HOCM) therefore requiring personalized therapeutic therapies. In the present study, we investigated the expression patterns of several circulating circular RNAs (circRNAs) as potential biomarkers in patients with HCM. We included 64 patients with HCM and 53 healthy controls to the study and quantitatively measured the expression of a set of circRNAs already known to be associated with cardiac diseases (circDNAJC6) and/or being highly abundant in blood (circTMEM56 and circMBOAT2). Abundancy of circRNAs was then correlated to relevant clinical parameters. Serum expression levels of circRNAs DNAJC6, TMEM56 and MBOAT2 were downregulated in patients with HCM. The inverse association between circRNA levels and HCM remained unchanged even after adjusting for confounding factors. All circRNAs, evaluated separately or in combination, showed a robust discrimination capacity when comparing control subjects with HCM, HNCM or HOCM patients (AUC from 0.722 to 0.949). Two circRNAs, circTMEM56 and circDNAJC6, significantly negatively correlated with echocardiographic parameters for HOCM. Collectively, circulating circRNAs DNAJC6, TMEM56 and MBOAT2 can distinguish between healthy and HCM patients. In addition, circTMEM56 and circDNAJC6 could serve as indicators of disease severity in patients with HOCM. Thus, circRNAs emerge as novel biomarkers for HCM facilitating the clinical decision making in a personalized manner.

scholarly journals Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Potential Biomarkers for Osteogenic Sarcoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4214
Author(s):  
Sutpirat Moonmuang ◽  
Parunya Chaiyawat ◽  
Salinee Jantrapirom ◽  
Dumnoensun Pruksakorn ◽  
Luca Lo Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Circulating cell-free nucleic acids recently became attractive targets to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools for cancer detection. Along with DNA and mRNAs, transcripts lacking coding potential (non-coding RNAs, ncRNAs) directly involved in the process of tumor pathogenesis have been recently detected in liquid biopsies. Interestingly, circulating ncRNAs exhibit specific expression patterns associated with cancer and suggest their role as novel biomarkers. However, the potential of circulating long ncRNAs (c-lncRNAs) to be markers in osteosarcoma (OS) is still elusive. In this study we performed a systematic review to identify thirteen c-lncRNAs whose altered expression in blood associate with OS. We herein discuss the potential impact that these c-lncRNAs may have on clinical decision-making in the management of OS. Overall, we aimed to provide novel insights that can contribute to the development of future precision medicine in oncology.

scholarly journals Appropriate use criteria for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR): SIC—SIRM position paper part 1 (ischemic and congenital heart diseases, cardio-oncology, cardiac masses and heart transplant)

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-379
Author(s):  
Gianluca Pontone ◽  
Ernesto Di Cesare ◽  
Silvia Castelletti ◽  
Francesco De Cobelli ◽  
Manuel De Lazzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Italian Society ◽  
Cardiac Masses

AbstractCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as new mainstream technique for the evaluation of patients with cardiac diseases, providing unique information to support clinical decision-making. This document has been developed by a joined group of experts of the Italian Society of Cardiology and Italian society of Radiology and aims to produce an updated consensus statement about the current state of technology and clinical applications of CMR. The writing committee consisted of members and experts of both societies who worked jointly to develop a more integrated approach in the field of cardiac radiology. Part 1 of the document will cover ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardio-oncology, cardiac masses and heart transplant.

scholarly journals Loss of Bcl-2 expression correlates with tumour recurrence in colorectal cancer

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ilyas ◽  
X-P Hao ◽  
K Wilkinson ◽  
I P M Tomlinson ◽  
A M Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Tumour Recurrence ◽  
Resection Margins ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Final Score

Aims—To investigate the association between immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in colorectal cancer and tumour recurrence following surgery.Methods—Sixty six cases of Dukes’ B colorectal carcinoma were studied. All tumours were moderately differentiated and were shown to be histologically clear of the resection margins. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue using monoclonal antibodies for p53 and Bcl-2. The Bcl-2 staining was assessed separately for relative intensity of staining and percentage of positive tumour cells and given a final score which combined the two factors. The p53 staining was assessed on number of positive tumour cells only. The patterns of immunostaining of those cases in which there had been tumour recurrence were compared with those cases in which there was no tumour recurrence (controls).Results—A statistically significant inverse association was found between Bcl-2 score and tumour recurrence (median Bcl-2 score of 6 (interquartile range (IQR) 2–9) in patients with recurrent disease; median Bcl-2 score of 8 (IQR 6–10) in those without recurrence; p=0.03). When examined separately, both the intensity of expression and percentage of positive tumour cells were significantly associated with tumour recurrence (p=0.04 in each case). There was no association between p53 staining and tumour recurrence.Conclusion—Results suggest that, when controlled for differentiation, Bcl-2 expression is a prognostic marker and may be useful as an adjunctive test in clinical decision making.

scholarly journals Transcriptional analysis identifies novel biomarkers associated with successful ex-vivo perfusion of human donor lungs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Ferdinand ◽  
Morvern I. Morrison ◽  
Anders Andreasson ◽  
Catriona Charlton ◽  
Alisha Chhatwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Club Cell ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

AbstractTransplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage lung disease but donor organ shortage is a major problem. Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) of marginal organs enables functional assessment under normothermic conditions to facilitate clinical decision-making around utilisation, but the molecular processes occurring during EVLP, and how they differ between more or less viable lungs, remains to be determined. Here we used RNA sequencing to delineate changes in gene expression occurring in n=10 donor lungs undergoing EVLP, comparing lungs that were deemed transplantable (n=6) to those deemed unusable (n=4). We found that lungs deemed suitable for transplantation following EVLP had reduced induction of a number of innate immune pathways during EVLP, but a greater increase in genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, a critical ATP-degenerating pathway. Furthermore, SCGB1A1, a gene encoding an anti-inflammatory secretoglobin CC10, and other club cell genes were significantly increased in transplantable lungs following perfusion, whilst CHIT-1 was decreased. Using a larger validation cohort (n=18), we confirmed that the ratio of CHIT1 and SCGB1A1 protein levels in lung perfusate have potential utility to distinguish transplantable and non-transplantable lungs (AUC 0.81). Together, our data identify novel biomarkers that may assist with pre-transplant lung assessment, as well as pathways that may amenable to therapeutic intervention during EVLP.Single sentence summaryTranscriptional changes in lungs undergoing ex vivo normothermic perfusion identify chitinase1 and club cell genes as potential biomarkers to guide utilisation

scholarly journals Exosomes in Nephropathies: A Rich Source of Novel Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Masaoutis ◽  
Samer Al Besher ◽  
Ioannis Koutroulis ◽  
Stamatios Theocharis
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The biomarkers commonly utilized in diagnostic evaluations of kidney disease suffer from low sensitivity, especially in the early stages of renal damage. On the other hand, obtaining a renal biopsy to augment clinical decision making can lead to potentially serious complications. In order to overcome the shortcomings of currently available diagnostic tools, recent studies suggest that exosomes, cell-secreted extracellular vesicles containing a large array of active molecules to facilitate cell-to-cell communication, may represent a rich source of novel disease biomarkers. Because of their endocytic origin, exosomes carry markers typical for their parent cells, which could permit the localization of biochemical cellular alterations in specific kidney compartments. Different types of exosomes can be isolated from noninvasively obtained biofluids; however, in the context of kidney disease, evidence has emerged on the role of urinary exosomes in the diagnostic and predictive modeling of renal pathology. The current review summarizes the potential application of exosomes in the detection of acute and chronic inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative, and genetic renal diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Chemokines in the Development of Gastric Cancer—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8456
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Pawluczuk ◽  
Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Specific Receptors

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage due to late presentation of symptoms. Therefore, there is a need for establishing more sensitive and specific markers useful in early detection of the disease when a cancer is asymptomatic to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making process. Some researchers suggest that chemokines and their specific receptors play an important role in GC initiation and progression via promotion of angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival and metastasis as well as protection from host response and inter-cell communication. Chemokines are small proteins produced by various cells such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and epithelial and tumor cells. According to our knowledge, the significance of chemokines and their specific receptors in diagnosing GC and evaluating its progression has not been fully elucidated. The present article offers a review of current knowledge on general characteristics of chemokines, specific receptors and their role in GC pathogenesis as well as their potential usefulness as novel biomarkers for GC.

scholarly journals CircSLC8A1 and circNFIX can be used as auxiliary diagnostic markers for sudden cardiac death caused by acute ischemic heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihui Tian ◽  
Jiajia Xue ◽  
Cuiyun Dai ◽  
Enzhu Jiang ◽  
Baoli Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb ◽  
Acute Ischemic Heart Disease

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by acute ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of sudden death worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in the heart and play important roles in cardiovascular diseases, but the role of circRNAs as biomarkers in the forensic diagnosis of SCD caused by acute IHD remains poorly characterized. To investigate the potential of two heart-enriched circRNAs, circNFIX and circSLC8A1, we explored the expression of these two circRNAs in different kinds of commonly used IHD models, and further verified their expressions in forensic autopsy cases. The results from both the IHD rat and H9c2 cell models revealed that circSlc8a1 level was upregulated, while the circNfix level was elevated in the early stage of ischemia and subsequently downregulated. The time-dependent expression patterns of the two circRNAs suggested their potential as SCD biomarkers. In autopsy cases, the results showed that the expression of these two circRNAs in the myocardium with acute IHD-related SCDs corresponded to the observations in the ischemic models. Further analysis related to myocardial ischemia indicated that circSLC8A1 showed high sensitivity and specificity for myocardial infarction and was positively correlated with creatine kinase MB in pericardial fluid. Downregulated circNFIX level could indicate the ischemic myocardial damage, and it was negatively correlated with the coronary artery stenosis grade. The combination of circSLC8A1 and circNFIX had better performance to discriminate IHD-related SCDs. The results suggested that circSLC8A1 and circNFIX may be used as auxiliary diagnostic markers for SCD caused by acute IHD in forensic medicine.

Characterization of genomic alterations and biomarker expression patterns of gastrointestinal cancers using a multiplatform molecular profiling tool.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 594-594
Author(s):  
Giselle Alexandra Suero-Abreu ◽  
Miguel Gonzalez Velez ◽  
Marshall McKenna ◽  
Narjust Duma ◽  
Shalini R Krishnasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Genomic Alterations ◽  
The Impact

594 Background: Given the heterogeneity of gastrointestinal cancers (GICs), molecular profiling is becoming part of the standard of care for many solid tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular profile of patients (pts) with GICs using a multiplatform profiling tool and to assess how the pattern of detected molecular alterations could guide clinical decision-making in these tumors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed samples of 85 pts with GICs via a multiplatform profiling service (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ) in order to evaluate clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs) and clinically relevant biomarker expression (CRBs) in GICs. Results: A total of 85 pts with GICs were analyzed. 45 (53 %) were males and 40 (47%) were females. Tumors were colorectal 43 (51%), pancreatic 11 (13%) esophageal 11 (13%) gastric 8 (9%), hepatobiliary 8 (11%), anal canal 3 (4%), and small intestine 1 (1%). 80 cases (94%) had adequate sample for profiling. CRGAs were identified in 71 cases (89%) with a median of 3 CRGAs in the cohort. The most commonly detected CRGAs were TP53 45 (56%), APC 35 (44%), KRAS 32 (40%), ATM 14 (18%) and PTEN 5 (6%). The median number of CRBs was 9 and high expression levels were seen of mismatch repair biomarkers (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) in 45 (56%), TOPO1 in 44 (55%), PTEN in 27 (34%), TOP2A in 20 (25%), ERCC1 in 19 (24%), and both TS and TUBB3 in 17 (21%). Based on actionable CRGAs and CRBs, 94% of pts matched at least one FDA approved treatment with proven clinical benefit, with a median of 4 available therapies per pt. In addition, there was a median of 189 chemotherapy and 64 targeted therapy clinical trial opportunities available for these pts given the molecular blueprint of their GICs. Conclusions: Multiplatform molecular profiling identified a high frequency of actionable CRGAs and CRBs in GIC pts. This approach has the potential to aid in clinical decision-making by providing a stratification of beneficial therapeutic alternatives individualized to the molecular framework of tumor. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further investigate the impact of profiling guided treatment decisions on patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Function, and a Role as Possible Cancer Biomarkers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Bolha ◽  
Metka Ravnik-Glavač ◽  
Damjan Glavač
Keyword(s):  
Human Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Circular Structure ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Genomic Regions

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that form covalently closed continuous loop structures, lacking the terminal 5′ and 3′ ends. CircRNAs are generated in the process of back-splicing and can originate from different genomic regions. Their unique circular structure makes circRNAs more stable than linear RNAs. In addition, they also display insensitivity to ribonuclease activity. Generally, circRNAs function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and have a regulatory role in transcription and translation. They may be also translated in a cap-independent manner in vivo, to generate specific proteins. In the last decade, next-generation sequencing techniques, especially RNA-seq, have revealed great abundance and also dysregulation of many circRNAs in various diseases, suggesting their involvement in disease development and progression. Regarding their high stability and relatively specific differential expression patterns in tissues and extracellular environment (e.g., body fluids), they are regarded as promising novel biomarkers in cancer. Therefore, we focus this review on describing circRNA biogenesis, function, and involvement in human cancer development and address the potential of circRNAs to be effectively used as novel cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Preliminary Findings on the Use of Session Questionnaires to Improve Clinician-Client Alliance With Special Consideration to Clinical Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Anu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective

ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) includes the family/stakeholder perspective as an important tenet in clinical decision making. The common factors model for treatment effectiveness postulates that clinician-client alliance positively impacts therapeutic outcomes and may be the most important factor for success. One strategy to improve alliance between a client and clinician is the use of outcome questionnaires. In the current study, eight parents of toddlers who attended therapy sessions at a university clinic responded to a session outcome questionnaire that included both rating scale and descriptive questions. Six graduate students completed a survey that included a question about the utility of the questionnaire. Results indicated that the descriptive questions added value and information compared to using only the rating scale. The students were varied in their responses regarding the effectiveness of the questionnaire to increase their comfort with parents. Information gathered from the questionnaire allowed for specific feedback to graduate students to change behaviors and created opportunities for general discussions regarding effective therapy techniques. In addition, the responses generated conversations between the client and clinician focused on clients' concerns. Involving the stakeholder in identifying both effective and ineffective aspects of therapy has advantages for clinical practice and education.

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