scholarly journals Reservoir characteristics and logging evaluation of gas−bearing mudstone in the south of North China Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Liu ◽  
Heping Pan ◽  
Zhenzhou Lin ◽  
Shihui Zhang ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reservoir Characteristics ◽  
Overlay Method ◽  
Reservoir Parameter ◽  
Gas Bearing

Abstract Mudstone is very similar to shale except it lacks sheet bedding. Shale gas is widely concerned and successfully exploited commercially in the world, while gas-bearing mudstone is rarely paid attention. To evaluate the reservoir characteristics and exploitation potential of gas-bearing mudstone, a total of 127 mudstone samples from the Shanxi formation were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas content, etc., and the qualitative identification and quantitative evaluation of gas-bearing mudstone reservoirs were performed on four wells using the logging curve overlay method and reservoir parameter calculation equations. The results showed that: (1) the average total gas content of core measurement is 1.81 m3/t, and the total content of brittle minerals is 44.2%, which confirms that mudstones can also have good gas content and fracturing performance; (2) logging evaluation the average thickness of gas-bearing mudstone is 55.7 m, the average total gas content is 1.6 m3/t, and the average brittleness index is 38.1%, which indicates that the mudstone of Shanxi formation in the study area is generally gas-bearing and widely distributed. All the results reveal that gas-bearing mudstone with block bedding has the same exploitation potential as shale with sheet bedding,which deserves more attention.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Reservoir characteristics and logging evaluation of gas − bearing mudstone in the south of North China Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Liu ◽  
Heping Pan ◽  
Zhenzhou Lin ◽  
Shihui Zhang ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
The South ◽  
Reservoir Characteristics ◽  
Gas Bearing

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Spark Plasma Sintering of Paper-Derived Ti3AlC2-Based Composites: Influence of Sintering Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1790-1796
Author(s):  
Maxim Syrtanov ◽  
Egor Kashkarov ◽  
Tatyana Murashkina ◽  
Nahum Travitzky
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Total Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbide Phases ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper describes the influence of sintering temperature on phase composition and microstructure of paper-derived Ti3AlC2 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The composites were sintered at 100 MPa pressure in the temperature range of 1150-1350 °C. Phase composition and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The multiphase structure was observed in the sintered composites consisting of Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, TiC and Al2O3 phases. The decomposition of the Ti3AlC2 phase into Ti2AlC and TiC carbide phases was observed with temperature rise. The total content of Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC phases was reduced from 84.5 vol.% (1150 °C) to 69.5 vol.% (1350 °C). The density of composites affected by both the content of TiC phase and changes in porosity.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal synthesis and characterisation of zeolites from metakaolin and water glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 1205 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
M Krejci Kotlanova ◽  
Z Dolnicek ◽  
I Khongova ◽  
A Zezulova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zeolite Content

Abstract Zeolites were synthetised from two types of metakaolin mixed with water glass and in some samples with water. The mixtures were autoclaved for 24 hours at 130°C. Autoclaved samples were ground to analytical fineness and tested by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Polished samples embedded in epoxy resin were studied using of electron microprobe including BSE imaging and WDX analysis of chemical composition of zeolites. Samples with the highest zeolite content were studied by SEM. The obtained results showed that the dominant synthetised zeolite in autoclaved samples is mineral chemically close to chabazite, less phillipsite. Zeolite Na-P1, gmelinite and boggsite were also identified by XRD analyses. The total content of zeolites is up to 29 wt. % in the sample prepared from a mixture containing metakaolin MK1/sodium water glass/water in weight ratio 1.5/2.5/1. The Si/Al of synthetised zeolites varies between 2.1 and 3.2.

scholarly journals Effects of Transition Metal Ions on the Colour of Blue-Green Beryl

Minerals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qiyun Guan ◽  
Yuchong Liu ◽  
Ying Guo
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Industrial Cameras ◽  
Cielab Colour

This study reports the effects of transition metal ions on the colour of blue-green beryl. Industrial cameras were used to measure colour in the CIELAB colour space. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy were used for characterization. The d–d transition of Fe3+ with sixfold coordination, the O2−→Fe3+ charge transfer, and the charge transition of binuclear metal M–M complexes formed by [Fe2(OH)4]2+ in the channel caused a yellow tone, whereas the charge transfer of Fe2+/Fe3+ with sixfold coordination caused a blue-green tone. The chroma of blue-green beryl was negatively correlated with the ratio of Cs+Mn to Fe contents. The lightness of blue-green beryl was negatively correlated with the total content of transition metal ions.

scholarly journals Influence of GLAD Sputtering Configuration on the Crystal Structure, Morphology, and Gas-Sensing Properties of the WO3 Films

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Zarzycki ◽  
Katarzyna Dyndał ◽  
Maciej Sitarz ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gas Sensitivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Breath Acetone

In this paper, we describe a deposition method and investigation of the physical properties of WO3 films. We investigated tungsten oxide due to its potential application as a gas sensor. Thin films of the WO3 were deposited on glass, silicon, and alumina substrates by magnetron GLAD sputtering. The crystallinity of films was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the thickness by X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Surface morphology, which is important for gas sensitivity, was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We studied the gas-sensing characteristics under exposure to acetone in the 0.1–1.25 ppm range which covers the levels of exhaled breath acetone. We show that WO3 sensors have different sensitivity for different sputter angle. Furthermore, we demonstrate the influence of temperature during gas content measurement.

Surface Modification of CaCO3 Micro/Nanofillers by Pimelic Acid: Consequences on Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Fang Wei Qi ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Pimelic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Pp Composites

In present study, two kinds of CaCO3 with micro-sized and nanometer-sized particles were treated by pimelic acid (PA) with different proportion. Then the treated particles (the total content of micro-sized and nanometer-sized CaCO3 particles was 10 wt%) were mixed with polypropylene (PP) to prepare CaCO3/PP composites by melting blending. The crystallization behavior and morphology of composites were studied by wide-angle-X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized microscope (PLM), respectively. Compared with PP and other samples, the content of β-crystal in the composite NCP2 where the ratio of nanoand micro particles was 2:8 (NCP2), reached the highest values. The growth speed of crystals in PP matrix was much quicker, leading to the larger spherulites than the NCP2 and NCP8. The time of complete nucleation for NCP8 was lower than PP, but higher than NCP2.

Composition and crystal structure parameters of single crystals (Bi, Pb)2Sr2(Ca1−xRx)Cu2O8+δ (R = Y, Er, Ho, Tm, and Yb)

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1791-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Ilyushin ◽  
L. Shi ◽  
L.I. Leonyuk ◽  
B.M. Mustafa ◽  
I.A. Nikanorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Nonlinear Dependence ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Actual Content

To correlate structural and compositional parameters in the bismuth 2212 system, single crystals with the composition (Bi1−yPby)2Sr2(Ca1−xRx)Cu2O8+δ (R = Y, Er, Ho, Tm, and Yb; y = 0, 0.1; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) have been studied at room temperature by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The main results are as follows: (i) The actual content, x, of R (R = Y, Er) in samples is in significant excess over its content x′ in the melt for x′ < 0.5. The opposite effect (but several times smaller) takes place for Ca. At x′ = 0.5, the x value practically coincides with x′. (ii) For all R under examination and x′ = 0.1, the value of x is within the limits of 0.43 ≤ x ≤ 0.51; i.e., x exceeds x′ several times. (iii) The total content of Ca, R (R = Y, Er), and Sr is close to 3 through the whole range 0 ≤ x′ ≤ 0.5. At x′ < 0.5 Ca is partly substituted for Sr, while R occupies only Ca crystallographic positions. Thus the actual formula of the samples is (Bi1-yPby)2+∊Sr2-z(Ca1+z-xRx)Cu2O8+δ. (iv) The evidence was received that the nonlinear dependence c(x) at x < 0.5 is connected with the partial substitution of Sr with Ca. The dependence of c, namely on the R = Y content in the denoted range of x, is close to linear with the slope ∂c/∂x = −0.67(2) Å/at.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

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