scholarly journals Fecal microbiota changes in NZB/W F1 mice after induction of lupus disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Fu Chen ◽  
Ao-Ho Hsieh ◽  
Lian-Chin Wang ◽  
Yun-Ju Huang ◽  
Yun-Chen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Viral Peptide ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dsdna Antibodies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Glomerular Damage

AbstractThe association between the gut microbiota and the development of lupus is unclear. We investigated alterations in the gut microbiota after induction of lupus in a murine model using viral peptide of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Three treatment arms for the animals were prepared: intraperitoneal injection of HCMVpp65 peptide, adjuvant alone, and PBS injection. Feces were collected before and after lupus induction biweekly for 16S rRNA sequencing. HCMVpp65 peptide immunization induced lupus-like effects, with higher levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, creatinine, proteinuria, and glomerular damage, compared with mice treated with nothing or adjuvant only. The Simpson diversity value was higher in mice injected with HCMVpp65 peptide, but there was no difference in ACE or Chao1 among the three groups. Statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles showed a higher abundance of various families (Saccharimonadaceae, Marinifiaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae) and genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) in HCMVpp65 peptide-treated mice. Significant correlations between increased abundances of related genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) and HCMVpp65 peptide immunization-induced lupus-like effects were observed. This study provides insight into the changes in the gut microbiota after lupus onset in a murine model.

Fecal Microbiota Changes in NZB/W F1 Mice After Induction of Lupus Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Fu Chen ◽  
Ao-Ho Hsieh ◽  
Lian-Chin Wang ◽  
Yun-Ju Huang ◽  
Yun-Chen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Taxonomic Profile ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Flagellar Assembly

Abstract Background: Gut microbiota is thought to regulate immune homeostasis. The association between gut microbiota and the development of systemic lupus erythematosus remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the differential alteration of gut microbiota after the induction of lupus in a murine model with viral peptide of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which is an established murine model of induced lupus. Results: Specifically, we injected HCMVpp65 peptide in peritoneal space in NZB/W F1 mice to induce lupus. Three arms of animal treatment were prepared: intraperitoneal injection of HCMVpp65 peptide, intraperitoneal injection of adjuvant alone, and none injected. Feces of the study animals were collected before and every two weeks after the lupus induction for 16S rRNA sequencing. At 24 weeks of age, pathological investigation of renal tissue from sacrificed mice was conducted. Statistical analysis for dynamics and alteration of the fecal microbiota and lupus-like-activity-related functional prediction of bacterial communities was performed. HCMVpp65 peptide immunization induced lupus-like activities, with a higher level of anti-dsDNA antibodies, creatinine and proteinuria, and severe glomerular damage, compared to the mice treated with none or adjuvant only. A higher Simpson diversity value was measured in mice with injection of HCMVpp65 peptide than those with injection of adjuvant or none, but there have no difference in the species richness estimates, ACE and Chao1. Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP) showed a higher relative abundance of the family (Saccharimonadaceae, Marinifiaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae) and genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) that were found in HCMVpp65 peptide treated mice, compared to mice injected with adjuvant or none. The predicted metagenomic taxonomic profile showed statistically significant enrichment of flagellar assembly, bacterial motility, and chemotaxis. Conclusion: A significant correlation between increased related genera abundance (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) and HCMVpp65 peptide immunization induced lupus-like activities was observed. This study confirmed significant changes in gut microbiota after the onset of lupus in a murine animal model.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota of Grazing Mongolian Cattle from Different Regions in Inner Mongolia, China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Han Aricha ◽  
Huasai Simujide ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wenting Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Xilingol Grassland

Mongolian cattle from China have strong adaptability and disease resistance. We aimed to compare the gut microbiota community structure and diversity in grazing Mongolian cattle from different regions in Inner Mongolia and to elucidate the influence of geographical factors on the intestinal microbial community structure. We used high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the fecal microbial community and diversity in samples from 60 grazing Mongolian cattle from Hulunbuir Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, and Alxa Desert. A total of 2,720,545 high-quality reads and sequences that were 1,117,505,301 bp long were obtained. Alpha diversity among the three groups showed that the gut microbial diversity in Mongolian cattle in the grasslands was significantly higher than that in the desert. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, whereas Verrucomicrobia presented the highest abundance in the gut of cattle in the Alxa Desert. The gut bacterial communities in cattle from the grasslands versus the Alxa Desert were distinctive, and those from the grasslands were closely clustered. Community composition analysis revealed significant differences in species diversity and richness. Overall, the composition of the gut microbiota in Mongolian cattle is affected by geographical factors. Gut microbiota may play important roles in the geographical adaptations of Mongolian cattle.

scholarly journals Effects of Transanal Irrigation on Gut Microbiota in Pediatric Patients with Spina Bifida

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Akira Furuta ◽  
Yasuyuki Suzuki ◽  
Ryosuke Takahashi ◽  
Birte Petersen Jakobsen ◽  
Takahiro Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Transanal Irrigation ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neurogenic Bowel

Recent studies using 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling have demonstrated dysbiosis of gut microbiota in constipated patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in gut microbiota after transanal irrigation (TAI) in patients with spina bifida (SB). A questionnaire on neurogenic bowel disfunction (NBD), Bristol scale, and gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing were completed in 16 SB patients and 10 healthy controls aged 6–17 years. Then, 11 of 16 SB patients with moderate to severe NBD scores received TAI for 3 months. Changes in urine cultures were also examined before and after the TAI treatments. In addition, correlation of gut microbiota and Bristol scale was analyzed. Significantly decreased abundance in Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Roseburia, and significantly increased abundance in Bacteroides and Roseburia were observed in the SB patients compared with controls and after TAI, respectively. The abundance of Roseburia was significantly correlated positively with Bristol scale. Urinary tract infection tended to decrease from 82% to 55% after TAI (p = 0.082) despite persistent fecal incontinence. Butyrate-producing bacteria such as Roseburia play a regulatory role in the intestinal motility and host immune system, suggesting the effects of TAI on gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Perturbed Microbiota/Immune Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e997
Author(s):  
Delphine Sterlin ◽  
Martin Larsen ◽  
Jehane Fadlallah ◽  
Christophe Parizot ◽  
Marina Vignes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

ObjectiveBased on animal models and human studies, there is now strong suspicion that host/microbiota mutualism in the context of gut microbial dysbiosis could influence immunity and multiple sclerosis (MS) evolution. Our goal was to seek evidence of deregulated microbiota-induced systemic immune responses in patients with MS.MethodsWe investigated gut and systemic commensal-specific antibody responses in healthy controls (n = 32), patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 30), and individuals with clinically isolated syndromes (CISs) (n = 15). Gut microbiota composition and diversity were compared between controls and patients by analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. Autologous microbiota and cultivable bacterial strains were used in bacterial flow cytometry assays to quantify autologous serum IgG and secretory IgA responses to microbiota. IgG-bound bacteria were sorted by flow cytometry and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsWe show that commensal-specific gut IgA responses are drastically reduced in patients with severe MS, disease severity being correlated with the IgA-coated fecal microbiota fraction (r = −0.647, p < 0.0001). At the same time, IgA-unbound bacteria elicit qualitatively broad and quantitatively increased serum IgG responses in patients with MS and CIS compared with controls (4.1% and 2.5% vs 1.9%, respectively, p < 0.001).ConclusionsGut and systemic microbiota/immune homeostasis are perturbed in MS. Our results argue that defective IgA responses in MS are linked to a breakdown of systemic tolerance to gut microbiota leading to an enhanced triggering of systemic IgG immunity against gut commensals occurring early in MS.

scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy of Low-Intensity Single Donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Ulcerative Colitis and Outcome-Specific Gut Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Ren ◽  
Xuefeng Gao ◽  
Yichao Shi ◽  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Lihua Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Single Donor ◽  
Before And After

Aims: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of single-donor, low-intensity fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), and to identify the outcome-specific gut bacteria.Design: Thirty-one patients with active UC (Mayo scores ≥ 3) were recruited, and all received FMT twice, at the start of the study and 2∼3 months later, respectively, with a single donor and a long-term follow-up. The fecal microbiome profile was accessed via 16S rRNA sequencing before and after FMT.Results: After the first FMT, 22.58% (7/31) of patients achieved clinical remission and endoscopy remission, with the clinical response rate of 67.74% (21/31), which increased to 55% (11/20) and 80% (16/20), respectively, after the second FMT. No serious adverse events occurred in all patients. During 4 years of follow-up, the mean remission period of patients was 26.5 ± 19.98 m; the relapse rate in the 12 remission patients was 33.33% within 1 year, and 58.3% within 4 years. At baseline, UC patients showed an enrichment in some proinflammatory microorganisms compared to the donor, such as Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, and Ruminococcus gnavus, and showed reduced amounts of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria especially Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. FMT induced taxonomic compositional changes in the recipient gut microbiota, resulting in a donor-like state. Given this specific donor, UC recipients with different outcomes showed distinct gut microbial features before and after FMT. In prior to FMT, relapse was characterized by higher abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, together with lower abundances of Bacteroides massiliensis, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus; Prevotella copri was more abundant in the non-responders (NR); and the patients with sustained remission (SR) had a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium breve. After FMT, the NR patients had a lower level of Bifidobacterium compared to those with relapse (Rel) and SR, while a higher level of Bacteroides spp. was observed in the Rel group.Conclusion: Low-intensity single donor FMT could induce long remission in active UC. The gut microbiota composition in UC patients at baseline may be predictive of therapeutic response to FMT.

Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Allergic Rhinitis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiaolin Cao ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background The gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the immune system and may be closely connected to the development of allergic diseases. Objective This study aimed to determine the gut microbiota composition in Chinese allergic rhinitis (AR) patients as compared with healthy controls (HCs). Methods We collected stool samples from 93 AR patients and 72 age- and sex-matched HCs. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using QIIME targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Functional pathways were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe), analysis of QIIME, and statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles, among other tests. Results Compared with HCs, AR patients had significantly lower gut-microbiota α-diversity ( P < .001). The gut microbiota composition significantly differed between the 2 study groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher while those of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were lower in the AR group than in the HC group ( P < .001, q < 0.001). At the genus level, Escherichia-Shigella, Prevotella, and Parabacteroides ( P < .001, q < 0.001) had significantly higher relative abundances in the AR group than in the HC group. LefSe analysis indicated that Escherichia-Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Dialister were potential biomarkers for AR. In addition, predictive metagenome functional analysis showed that pyruvate, porphyrin, chlorophyll, purine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis significantly differed between the AR and HC groups. Conclusion A comparison of the gut microbiota of AR patients and HCs suggested that dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota is involved in the development of AR. The present results may reveal key differences and identify targets for preventive or therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolic Potential in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Olanzapine: Results from a Six-Week Observational Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pełka-Wysiecka ◽  
Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Bąba-Kubiś ◽  
Liśkiewicz ◽  
Wroński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Observational Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Olanzapine Therapy

Accumulating evidence indicates the potential effect of microbiota on the pathogenesis and course of schizophrenia. However, the effects of olanzapine, second-generation antipsychotics, on gut microbiota have not been investigated in humans. This study aimed to analyze fecal microbiota in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine during six weeks of their hospital stay. After a seven-day washout from all psychotropic medications, microbiota compositions were evaluated at baseline and after six weeks of hospitalization using 16S rRNA sequencing. The study was conducted in 20 inpatients, who followed the same hospital routine and received 5–20 mg daily doses of olanzapine. Olanzapine treatment was associated with clinical improvements in all patients and significant increases in body mass index in females, but not changes in gut microbiota compositions and predicted function. The severity of symptoms at the beginning of treatment varied in accordance with the predicted metabolic activity of the bacteria. The present findings indicate that the microbiota of schizophrenia patients is highly individual and has different taxonomical (Type 1, with a predominance of Prevotella, and Type 2 with a higher abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia and Clostridium) and functional clusters, and it does not change following six weeks of olanzapine therapy; in addition, the microbiota is not associated with either the weight gain observed in women or the effectiveness of olanzapine therapy.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota resilience in horse athletes following holidays out to pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Mach ◽  
Léa Lansade ◽  
David Bars-Cortina ◽  
Sophie Dhorne-Pollet ◽  
Aline Foury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Withdrawn Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control

AbstractElite horse athletes that live in individual boxes and train and compete for hours experience long-term physical and mental stress that compromises animal welfare and alters the gut microbiota. We therefore assessed if a temporary period out to pasture with conspecifics could improve animal welfare and in turn, favorably affect intestinal microbiota composition. A total of 27 athletes were monitored before and after a period of 1.5 months out to pasture, and their fecal microbiota and behavior profiles were compared to those of 18 horses kept in individual boxes. The overall diversity and microbiota composition of pasture and control individuals were temporally similar, suggesting resilience to environmental challenges. However, pasture exposure induced an increase in Ruminococcus and Coprococcus that lasted 1-month after the return to individual boxes, which may have promoted beneficial effects on health and welfare. Associations between the gut microbiota composition and behavior indicating poor welfare were established. Furthermore, withdrawn behavior was associated with the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group and Clostridiales family XIII. Both accommodate a large part of butyrate-producing bacterial genera. While we cannot infer causality within this study, arguably, these findings suggest that management practices maintained over a longer period of time may moderate the behavior link to the gut ecosystem beyond its resilience potential.

scholarly journals Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Carriers during Fecal Microbiota Transplantation According to Decolonization Periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Jin-Jae Lee ◽  
Dongeun Yong ◽  
Ki Tae Suk ◽  
Dong Joon Kim ◽  
Heung-Jeong Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as an alternative therapeutic option to decolonize carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). However, the analysis of gut microbiota alteration in CRE carriers during FMT is still limited. Here, gut microbiota changes in CRE carriers were evaluated during FMT according to decolonization periods. The decolonization of 10 CRE carriers was evaluated after FMT, using serial consecutive rectal swab cultures. Alterations of gut microbiota before and after FMT (56 serial samples) were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. The decolonization rates of CRE carriers were 40%, 50%, and 90% within 1, 3 and 5 months after initial FMT, respectively. Gut microbiota significantly changed after FMT (p = 0.003). Microbiota alteration was different between the early decolonization carriers (EDC) and late decolonization carriers (LDC). Microbiota convergence in carriers to donors was detected in EDC within 4 weeks, and keystone genera within the Bacteroidetes were found in the gut microbiota of EDC before FMT. The relative abundance of Klebsiella was lower in EDC than in LDC, before and after FMT. Our results indicate that FMT is a potential option for CRE decolonization. The gut microbiota of CRE carriers could be used to predict decolonization timing after FMT, and determine repeated FMT necessity.

scholarly journals Adalimumab Therapy Restores the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena Chen ◽  
Xuqi Zheng ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Jialing Wu ◽  
Xiaomin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Adalimumab Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insight Into

Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is involved in the initiation and progression of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this study, we aimed to explore the gut microbiome alterations during adalimumab therapy and verify microbiome biomarkers predicting treatment response. By evaluating the gut microbial features of 30 AS patients before and after adalimumab therapy for 6 months and 24 healthy controls, we confirmed that the microbiome was restored remarkably after 6 months of adalimumab therapy in AS patients. We then compared the baseline gut microbiome of 22 adalimumab responders with 8 non-responders, a higher abundance of Comamonas was revealed in the latter, although no statistical difference was found after adjusting for the false discovery rate. These results suggested that adalimumab therapy restored the gut microbiome in AS patients and indicated the utility of gut microbiome to be potential biomarkers for therapeutic evaluation. These findings provided an insight into the development of predictive tools and the establishment of precise medical interventions for clinical practice.

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