scholarly journals miR1908-5p regulates energy homeostasis in hepatocyte models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Soubeyrand ◽  
Paulina Lau ◽  
Kaitlyn Beehler ◽  
Kelsey McShane ◽  
Ruth McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Genomic Variants ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Human Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metabolic Regulators

AbstractWe previously identified genomic variants that are quantitative trait loci for circulating miR-1908-5p and then showed this microRNA to causally associate with plasma levels of LDL-C, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. The link to LDL-C was subsequently validated and clarified by the identification of a miR1908-5p-TGFB-LDLR regulatory axis. Here, we continue our investigations on miR1908-5p function by leveraging human primary hepatocytes and HuH-7 hepatoma models. Expression of miR1908-5p was shown to be sensitive to glucose and agents affecting glucose metabolism. Transcriptome-wide changes in primary hepatocytes and HuH-7 cells treated with a miR1908-5p mimic were investigated by enrichment approaches to identify targeted transcripts and cognate pathways. Significant pathways included autophagy and increased mitochondrial function. Reduced activation and/or levels of several key energy and metabolic regulators (AKT, mTOR, ME1, G6PD, AMPK and LKB) were subsequently confirmed in mimic treated HuH-7 cells. These effects were associated with reduced NADPH to NADP+ ratio in HuH-7 cells. LKB1 was validated as a direct target of miR1908-5p, the reintroduction of which was however insufficient to compensate for the impact of the miR1908-5p mimic on AMPK and ACC1. These findings implicate miR1908-5p in metabolic and energy regulation in hepatocyte models via multiple, independent, pathways.

scholarly journals Salivary nitrite and systemic biomarkers in obese individuals with periodontitis submitted to FMD

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Sheila C Cortelli ◽  
Priscila de Macedo Máximo ◽  
Felipe S Peralta ◽  
Rodrigo Augusto da Silva ◽  
Emanuel S Rovai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Griess Reagent ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Full Mouth Disinfection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this 9-month clinical study is to assess the impact of one-stage full-mouth disinfection (FMD) on salivary nitrite levels and systemic biomarkers and its correlation with total subgingival bacterial load in obese and non-obese patients with periodontitis. In total, 94 patients (55 obese and 39 non-obese) were initially evaluated, seven were lost during follow-up, resulting in 87 individuals at the end of the study. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months post periodontal treatment by FMD. Salivary nitrite levels were determined using Griess reagent. Blood samples were collected to determine C-Reactive Protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase and fasting blood glucose. Real-time PCR was used to determine the total subgingival bacterial load. FMD protocol resulted in increased salivary nitrite levels at 6- and 9-months post-treatment in the non-obese group (p<0.05). In obese individuals, FMD treatment led to an increase in salivary nitrite levels at 6 months (p<0.05); however, at 9 months, the nitrite levels returned to baseline levels. For both groups, the highest nitrite values were observed at 6 months. In addition, in both groups, FMD was associated with a decrease in biomarkers related to systemic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, such as CRP (p<0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05), and had no impact on the fasting blood glucose. This study demonstrates that obese patients with periodontitis present similar salivary nitrite levels when compared with non-obese individuals. FMD protocol resulted in increases in salivary nitrite levels and was associated with a positive impact on systemic biomarkers, regardless of obesity status.

scholarly journals Fasting Blood Glucose Profile among Secondary School Adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Oluwayemi ◽  
S. J. Brink ◽  
E. E. Oyenusi ◽  
O. A. Oduwole ◽  
M. A. Oluwayemi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

Background.Over the past two decades there has been an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children. Baseline data is needed to assess the impact of changing lifestyles on Ado-Ekiti, a previously semiurban community in Southwest Nigeria. This study was therefore conducted to assess the fasting blood glucose (FBG) of adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methodology.This was a cross-sectional study involving 628 adolescents from three different secondary schools in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. With parental consent, volunteers completed a structured questionnaire, and an overnight FBG was measured.Results.There were 346 males and 282 females (male : female ratio = 1.2 : 1). Their ages ranged from 10 to 19 years (mean age:14.2±1.7years). Four hundred and forty-four (70.7%) had normal FBG, while 180 (28.7%) and 4 (0.6%) had FBG in the prediabetic and diabetic range, respectively. Female gender, age group 10–14 years, and family history of obesity were significantly associated with impaired FBG (Pvalue <0.001, <0.001, and 0.045, resp.).Conclusion.Impaired FBG is common among secondary school adolescents and it is more prevalent among younger female adolescents (10–14 years) with positive family history of obesity.

Association of physical activity on blood glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Eldin Dzubur ◽  
Roberta James ◽  
Tamer Fakhouri ◽  
Scott Brunning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Regular physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PA on blood glucose after controlling for medication use, demographics, and week of activation using a real-world population of individuals with type 2 diabetes. A longitudinal, retrospective study was performed evaluating weekly PA of Livongo members (N = 9,509), which analyzed fasting blood glucose (FBG), step counts, and daily active minutes. Linear mixed-effect modeling technique was used to investigate within member and between member effects of input variables on average weekly FBG. Of members enrolled, 6,336 (32%) had self-reported body mass index, qualified week with diabetes medications, and FBG measures. Members’ baseline average age was 49.4 (SD 10.1) years old, 43% female, and 45,496 member weeks with an average of 7.2 qualified weeks (PA observable in ≥4 days) per member. Average weekly FBG was 140.5 mg/dL (SD 39.8), and average daily step counts were 4,833 (SD 3,266). Moving from sedentary (&lt;5,000 steps per day) to active (≥5,000 steps per day) resulted in mean weekly FBG reduction of 13 mg/dL (95% CI: −22.6 to −3.14). One additional day of ≥8,000 steps reduced mean weekly FBG by 0.47 mg/dL (95% CI: −0.77 to −0.16). Members who completed 30 min of moderate to vigorous PA above the population average reduced mean weekly FBG by 7.7 mg/dL (95% CI: −13.4 to −2.0). PA is associated with a mean weekly FBG reduction of 13 mg/dL when changing from a sedentary to active lifestyle while participating in a remote diabetes monitoring program.

Effect of Haemoglobin Variants on Glycemic Indices

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Victor Tuanwii ◽  
Jonathan Nyebuchi ◽  
Albert Lesere Nwibani ◽  
Friday Ogidigba ◽  
Felix Eedee Konne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Electrophoretic Method ◽  
Glycemic Indices ◽  
The Impact

Haemoglobin genotypes have been known to be linked with groups of diseases such as diabetes. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of haemoglobin variants on glycemic indices (fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin) in subjects in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A total of 150subjects were enrolled for the study with AA group = 99 subjects and AS group = 51 subjects. 4mls of blood was collected into EDTA bottle for each subject and was assayed for Hb electrophoresis and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) using electrophoretic method and automated CLOVER A1c Analyser respectively. 2mls was collected into fluoride oxalate bottle for spectrophotometric analysis of fasting blood glucose (FBG). Results revealed that there were no significant differences in the FBG and HbA1C  mean  levels of the two studied groups (AA and AS). This study has shown that AA and AS blood genotypes may not have any impact on FBG and HbA1C glycemic parameters.

scholarly journals Cross Sectional Analysis of the Effect of Yogurt and Fiber Consumption on BMI, Blood Pressure, and Lipids in College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 750-750
Author(s):  
Paige Farias ◽  
Kathleen Melanson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Fiber Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Results from recent studies suggest that maintaining a healthy gut microbiome is important for predicting health outcomes using biomarkers such as BMI, blood pressure, glucose, and lipids. College-aged students are an important population to consider as they are at a crucial stage in developing eating habits, including consumption of probiotic-rich, fermented foods and prebiotic fermentable nutrients. We hypothesize that yogurt consumption and fiber consumption will beneficially impact these outcomes and we explored a possible interaction. Methods In a cross-sectional design, 497 college students (76% female; 19.5 ± 3.62 yr; BMI 23.94 ± 4.72 kg/m2) enrolled in a general nutrition course completed the Dietary History Questionnaire II. Height and weight were measured, along with blood pressure with an electronic sphygmomanometer. Fasting blood glucose and lipids were measured with Cholestech. Median splits were used for yogurt (.05 cups/day) and fibers (18.71 grams/day) intakes. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to examine relationships of yogurt consumption and fiber consumption separately with BMI, blood pressure, and blood lipids. ANCOVA was used to control for added sugars intakes. To test for interactions between yogurt and fibers, 2 × 2 ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Results Of the 497 students, 48% reported lower yogurt consumption while 50% reported lower fiber consumption. Univariate-measures analysis indicated a significant effect of higher yogurt consumption on BMI (P = .037), blood glucose (P = .048), and diastolic blood pressure (P = .035) while higher fiber consumption showed a significant effect on total cholesterol (P = .011), HDL (P = .045), and triglycerides (P = .006). LDL was not significantly impacted (P = .069). No significance differences were reported within interactions (P &gt; .05). Conclusions Higher yogurt consumption was associated with lower BMI, blood glucose, and diastolic blood pressure, while higher fiber consumption was associated with beneficial effects on lipids. Lack of interaction between yogurt and fibers may be related to a low yogurt intake in this population. These findings may promote further research focusing on synbiosis to examine the impact of fiber when consumed conjunctively with probiotic foods. Funding Sources There was no external funding for this study.

scholarly journals Cinnamon as Dietary Supplement Caused Hyperlipidemia in Healthy Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Haiyang Cai ◽  
Han Li ◽  
Yixun Su ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Cinnamon is a cooking spice and a medicinal herb. It is increasingly used as a health supplement due to its perceived benefit to prevent and or manage type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. However, it is unclear if regular consumption of this medicinal plant will interfere with normal physiological functions. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of daily cinnamon supplements on glucose and lipid metabolic profiles in healthy rats. Methods. Male rats (Sprague Dawley, 8 weeks) were supplied with cinnamon in their diet (equivalent to ∼1 g/day in humans) for two weeks. Blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as metabolic markers in both liver and abdominal white adipose tissue, were measured. Results. Cinnamon significantly increased fat mass and blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, but reduced fasting blood glucose level by 12%. Liver functional enzymes were normal in rats consuming cinnamon. However, several lipid metabolic markers were impaired which may contribute to dyslipidemia, including two main switches for energy metabolism (sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α) and the LDL receptor. However, de novo lipid synthesis enzymes and inflammatory markers were also reduced in the liver by cinnamon treatment, which may potentially prevent the development of steatosis. Markers for lipid oxidation were downregulated in fat tissue in cinnamon-treated rats, contributing to increased fat accumulation. Conclusion. Daily low-dose cinnamon supplementation seems to promote abdominal adipose tissue accumulation and disturb lipid homeostasis in healthy rats, raising the concerns regarding daily use in healthy people.

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