scholarly journals The associations between infertility-related stress, family adaptability and family cohesion in infertile couples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjiang Lei ◽  
Huaxuan You ◽  
Biru Luo ◽  
Jianhua Ren
Keyword(s):  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Family Adaptability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Related Stress

AbstractTo explore the association between infertility-related stress, family adaptability and family cohesion in infertile couples and the determinants of infertility-related stress in infertile couples. Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACESII-CV) were used to measure the infertility-related stress and family adaptability and cohesion of infertile couples. T-test, ANOVA and multiple comparisons (LSD) were conducted to compare the FPI scores of different demographic characteristics subgroups. Stepwise multivariate linear regression was used to explore the determinants of infertility-related stress. Women had greater global stress than men (P < 0.001). Women scored higher on desired family adaptability, cohesion dissatisfaction and adaptive dissatisfaction than men (P = 0.039, P = 0.036, P = 0.008). FPI scores were higher in men and women who lived in rural (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Family cohesion and education level was negatively correlated with infertility-related stress in men. Family adaptability and education level was negatively correlated with infertility-related stress in women. Healthcare providers should pay more attention and give more support to infertile couples who lived in rural or with low education level, and provide easier medical accessing for them. Moreover, healthcare providers should value more the family function and family support in intervention of reducing infertility-related stress.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Family Function Based on Circumplex Model and Students’ Internet Addiction in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefe Salimi ◽  
Maryam Jahangiri ◽  
Mahboobe Ghaderzadeh ◽  
Arezoo Mohammadkhani ◽  
Meimenat Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Family Adaptability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Spss Software

<p><strong>BACKGROUND &amp; PURPOSE:</strong> University students deal with Internet with a variety of reasons. Internet great applications and attractions may cause increasing addiction to it; on the other hand the family function may affect the tendency to addiction. So, this study was conducted aimed to investigate the correlation between the family function based on Circumplex Model and students' Internet addiction in ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2015.</p><p><strong>METHODS: </strong>In this correlational study, 664 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. The study tools included: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Test (α=0.90) and Olson Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACE III) (α=0.91). Data were analyzed by SPSS software Version 22.The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency) and analytical statistics (t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman correlation coefficient) methods.</p><p><strong>FINDINGS: </strong>Findings showed, 79.2 percent of students did not have Internet addiction, 20.2 percent were at risk of addiction and 0.6 percent was addicted to the Internet. Female students were the most frequent users of the Internet among students (41.47% and p &lt; 0.01) with the purpose of recreation and entertainment (79.5 percent). A significant negative correlation was seen between Internet addiction and cohesion (a family function aspect) (p&lt;0.01), also a positive and significant relationship was seen between average time of using Internet every time, average weekly hours of Internet use and Internet addiction (p&gt;0.01).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> With regard to the degree of students' dependence to internet and the correlation between the family cohesion and Internet addiction, there is a need to make policy in the field of cohesion balance in the family and preventive and educational measures.</p>

scholarly journals Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dan Tingkat Pendidikan Pasien Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antiretroviral Pasien Hiv Aids Di Poli Rsud Dr. Drajat Prawiranegara Serang Banten

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Dalfian Adnan TH ◽  
Ahmad Kheru ◽  
Dede Marwan
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

 ABSTRACT: RELATIONSHIP ON FAMILY SUPPORT AND PATIENT EDUCATION ON COMPLIANCE WITH HIV AIDS PATIENTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS AT POLI RSUD DR. PRAWIRANEGARA DRAJAT SERANG BANTEN  Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) means treating HIV infection with several drugs. There are major obstacles around the world in improving ART adherence. Several factors are predisposition factors, namely education levels, and driving factors, namely family support. The higher the level of education of a person, the more obedient the person is in undergoing treatment, and the more encouragement the family gets, the more obedient to treatment. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and patient education level with adherence to taking antiretroviral drugs for HIV-aids patients in dr. Drajat Prawiranegara Serang Banten.Research Method: This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study was 75 respondents who had met the inclusion criteria. The level of education, family support, and medication intake were assessed using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi square test where p <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The highest number of PLHIV family support at the Serang Banten Regional General Hospital in 2020 was 39 people (52.0%), greater than the 36 respondents who did not receive family support (48.0%). There were 7 people living with HIV with family support and disobedience (17.9%), 18 people living with HIV without family support and disobedience, 32 people living with HIV receiving family support and obedience ), as well as PLWHA who do not receive family support and obey as many as 18 people (50.0%) with a value of p = 0.007 (p <0.05) and 95% CI and OR 4.57 (1.6-13.02) times greater than not being able to support the family. The education level of PLWHA at the Serang Banten Regional General Hospital in 2020 was mostly low education respondents (SMP and SMA), namely as many as 47 people (62.7%), greater than respondents with high education (Academy / Bachelor) only 28 people (37, 3%). There were 21 people with low education and non-compliance with HIV / AIDS, 4 people with higher education and non-adherence (14.3%), 26 people living with HIV with low education and obedience (55, 3%), as well as PLWHA with higher education and obedience as many as 24 people (85.7%) with a value of p = 0.014 (p <0.05) and CI 95% and OR 4.846 times greater than those with low education.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between family support and education level with adherence to taking ARV drugs in PLHIV. Keywords: Family support and education level, compliance with ARV medication, PLWHABSTRAK: HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN PASIEN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ANTIRETROVIRAL PASIEN HIV AIDS DI POLI RSUD DR. DRAJAT PRAWIRANEGARA SERANG BANTEN  Latar belakang : Terapi antiretroviral (ART) berarti mengobati infeksi HIV dengan beberapa obat. Terdapat kendala utama di seluruh dunia dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan ART beberapa faktor adalah faktor presdisposisi yaitu Tingkat pendidikan dan faktor Pendorong yaitu dukungan keluarga. Semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan seseorang maka semakin patuh orang tersebut dalam menjalani pengobatan dan semakin dapat dorongan keluarga maka semakin patuh dalam menjalani pengobatan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan pasien terhadap kepatuhan minum obat antiretroviral pasien hiv aids di poli rsud dr. drajat prawiranegara serang banten tahun 2020Metode penelitian : Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 75 responden yang telah memenuhi criteria inklusi. Tingkat pendidikan, dukungan keluarga dan kepatuan minum obat dinilai menggunakan alat kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi squere dimana nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna.Hasil : Dukungan keluarga ODHA di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Serang Banten Tahun 2020 terbanyak adalah berjumlah 39 orang (52.0%), lebih besar dari responden yang tidak mendapat dukungan keluarga berjumlah 36 orang (48,0%). ODHA dengan mendapat dukungan keluarga dan tidak patuh sebanyak 7 orang (17,9%), ODHA Tidak mendapat dukungan keluarga dan tidak patuh sebanyak 18 orang (50,0%), ODHA Mendapat dukungan keluarga dan patuh sebanyak 32 orang (82,1%), serta ODHA Tidak mendapat dukungan keluarga dan patuh sebanyak 18 orang (50,0%) dengan nilai p = 0,007 (p < 0,05) dan CI 95% serta OR 4,57 (1,6-13,02) kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tidak dapat dukungan keluarga. Tingkat pendidikan ODHA di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Serang Banten Tahun 2020 terbanyak adalah responden pendidikan rendah (SMP dan SMA) yaitu sebanyak 47 orang (62.7%), lebih besar dari responden yang berpendidikan tinggi (Akademi/ Sarjana)  hanya berjumlah 28 orang (37,3%).ODHA dengan pendidikan rendah dan tidak patuh sebanyak 21 orang (44,7%), ODHA dengan pendidikan tinggi dan tidak patuh sebanyak 4 orang (14,3%), ODHA dengan pendidikan rendah dan patuh sebanyak 26 orang (55,3%), serta ODHA dengan pendidikan tinggi dan patuh sebanyak 24 orang (85,7%) dengan nilai p = 0,014 (p < 0,05) dan CI 95% serta OR 4,846 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pendidikan rendah.Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan dengan kepatuhan minum obat ARV pada ODHA. Kata kunci: Dukungan keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan, Kepatuhan Minum Obat  ARV, ODHA

Cohesion and Adaptability among Individuals under Treatment for Infertility

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Maria Paz Loayza Hidalgo ◽  
Lorena Caleffi ◽  
Ana Baron ◽  
Eunice Mattana ◽  
Márcia Lorena F. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Family Adaptability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
First Time

The objective of this study was to evaluate cohesion and adaptability as relationship patterns of individuals in the presence or absence of infertility. Infertile subjects (20 men and 26 women, age 29.9 yr., SD = 3.8), and 100 fertile individuals (52 men and 48 women, age 29.5 yr., SD = 3.6) were included in this cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil. Subjects were married for the first time and had no children. The pattern of relationship (cohesion and adaptability) was assessed on the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III). Subjects were also interviewed and the interviews tape-recorded and analyzed by independent and blinded senior psychiatrists. The concepts of cohesion and adaptability did not differentiate infertile couples from fertile ones. Further, the recorded interviews also resulted in heterogeneous, nonconcordant judgments. These results lead to two conclusions: that awareness of infertility is not present in the population studied or that it is present but the magnitude of its effect is quite small and that FACES III and the interview focus on adaptability and cohesion are not sensitive enough to measure the difficulties in these couples' relationships. This leads us to reflect on the type of psychiatric support available to infertile couples.

scholarly journals Associations between family cohesion, adaptability, and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder with clinical syndromes in Hebei, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 6004-6015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujing Zhang ◽  
Mingkun Zhao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Ling Shi ◽  
Xiafei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Family System ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Family Adaptability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Over Time

Objective We aimed to investigate the symptoms of inpatients with bipolar disorder (BD) in different types of families, and to explore the correlations between family coherence, family adaptability, and family functioning among inpatients with BD. Methods Inpatients with BD in Hebei, China (n = 61; mean age = 33.85±10.54; 39 males) participated in this study. Participants’ symptoms were evaluated using the Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after their admission to the hospital. Participants’ family type was assessed using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II–Chinese Version. Family functioning was assessed using Family Assessment Device. Results Participants were classified into three family types: balanced (n = 13), mid-range (n = 28), and extreme (n = 20). BRMS scores improved over time in patients from all three family types. Improvement was slightly better with the balanced than the extreme family type. HDRS scores showed an improving trend over time, although this was not significant. Family coherence, adaptability, and functioning were mutually correlated. Conclusion The family system and family functioning are important factors that clinicians should keep in mind when treating people with BD.

SELF-ESTEEM IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE AS A FUNCTION OF POSITION WITHIN OLSON'S CIRCUMPLEX MODEL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY SYSTEMS

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kawash ◽  
Lorene Kozeluk
Keyword(s):  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Family Adaptability ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
The Family ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
The Relationship

Three hundred and twenty seven eighth grade students completed the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) (Coopersmith, 1984) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluations Scale (FACES III) (Olson, Portner, & Lavee, 1985), as participants in a study investigating the relationship between self-esteem and perceptions of family characteristics. The students' scores on the FACES 111 scale were cast into the sixteen cells of the Circumplex Model (Olson, Russell, & Sprenkle 1979, 1983), so that variations in SEI scores could be examined in this framework. Consistent with expectations, there was systematic covariation between SEI and FACES scores. Mean SEI scores increased monotonically with increases in cohesion, while they varied in a curvilinear fashion with increases in adaptability. This latter pattern was more in line with Olson et al.'s theoretical formulations than the former one. Results of a correlational analysis between SEI scores and Olson et al.'s “Distance from the Center” index, were consistent with the view that optimal functioning tended to be found towards the center, that is at moderate overall combined levels of cohesion and adaptability. These results were examined in the light of the relevant parent-child relations literature. It was noted that the most important parallel appeared to be between parental warmth and family cohesion.

Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Patients on Hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan ◽  
Mohd Razali Salleh ◽  
Ghazali Ahmad ◽  
Zaleha Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Education

Depression and cognitive impairment are the most common complications of patients on hemodialysis. The objective of this study is to identify contributing factors to depression and cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients. This is a cross-sectional study involving 110 hemodialysis patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The samples were recruited through universal sampling. Patients were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. This study found that 18.2% of patients had depression, and 48.2% had cognitive impairment. Factors associated with depression were unmarried status, low education level, and cognitive impairment. Factors associated with cognitive impairment were low education level, depression, and unemployment. Keywords: hemodialysis, depression, cognitive, ESRD eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2468.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of brain MR imaging and its correlation with clinical presentation and cognitive functions in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed Abou Elmaaty ◽  
Carmen Ali Zarad ◽  
Tamer Ibrahim Belal ◽  
Tamer Sabry Elserafy
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Low Education

Abstract Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder of unknown etiology and ambiguous pathophysiology due to cerebrospinal fluid dysregulation. This study is designed to evaluate the role of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) in diagnosis of IIH, to clarify the nature and extent of cognitive deficits, and to detect if there is a correlation between radiology, clinical findings, and cognitive dysfunctions in those patients. Results The study included 34 patients and 34 age-, sex-, body mass index (BMI)-, and education-matched healthy control subjects. MR brain imaging and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test were used for both groups. MRI and MRV sensitivity for IIH diagnosis were 85.2% and 85.3% with 100% and 94.1% specificity respectively. 44.1% had cognitive impairment, memory was the most affected domain, followed by attention, abstraction, and orientation with statistically significantly lower total MoCA score (p < 0.005). Domain comparisons reveal a statistically significantly lower memory/delayed recall (p < 0.001) and abstract scores (p < 0.007) in IIH cases versus control subjects. In comparing patients with cognitive impairment (CI) versus those without CI, there were statistically significantly higher CI in low education level, presence of diplopia, hormonal contraceptive use, abnormal MRI brain, papilledema grades, BMI, and opening pressure. Conclusions Presence of more than or equal 3 MR imaging findings, bilateral transverse sinus stenosis, and less than or equal 4 combined conduit score increase the specificity and sensitivity of MRI and MRV for IIH diagnosis. IIH had detrimental effect on different cognitive domains especially when patient have low education level, diplopia, papilledema ≥ grade III, high OP ≥ 61.5 cm H2O, and BMI ≥ 34 Kg/m2 with abnormal MRI and MRV findings.

scholarly journals Disaggregation of official demographic projections in sub-groups by education level: the neglected “composition effect” in the future path of life expectancy

Genus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Ginebri ◽  
Carlo Lallo
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Mortality Differential ◽  
Education Groups

AbstractWe developed an innovative method to break down official population forecasts by educational level. The mortality rates of the high education group and low education group were projected using an iterative procedure, whose starting point was the life tables by education level for Italy, based on the year 2012. We provide a set of different scenarios on the convergence/divergence of the mortality differential between the high and low education groups. In each scenario, the demographic size and the life expectancy of the two sub-groups were projected annually over the period 2018–2065. We compared the life expectancy paths in the whole population and in the sub-groups. We found that in all of our projections, population life expectancy converges to the life expectancy of the high education group. We call this feature of our outcomes the “composition effect”, and we show how highly persistent it is, even in scenarios where the mortality differential between social groups is assumed to decrease over time. In a midway scenario, where the mortality differential is assumed to follow an intermediate path between complete disappearance in year 2065 and stability at the 2012 level, and in all the scenarios with a milder convergence hypothesis, our “composition effect” prevails over the effect of convergence for men and women. For instance, assuming stability in the mortality differential, we estimated a life expectancy increase at age 65 of 2.9 and 2.6 years for men, and 3.2 and 3.1 for women, in the low and high education groups, respectively, over the whole projection period. Over the same period, Italian official projections estimate an increase of 3.7 years in life expectancy at age 65 for the whole population. Our results have relevant implications for retirement and ageing policies, in particular for those European countries that have linked statutory retirement age to variations in population life expectancies. In all the scenarios where the composition effect is not offset by a strong convergence of mortality differentials, we show that the statutory retirement age increases faster than the group-specific life expectancies, and this finding implies that the expected time spent in retirement will shrink for the whole population. This potential future outcome seems to be an unintended consequence of the indexation rule.

scholarly journals Physical activity in Sahara Moroccan hemodialysis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bahadi ◽  
H. Lagtarna ◽  
S. Benbria ◽  
Y. Zajjari ◽  
D. Elkabbaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Objective The evaluation of physical activity for chronic hemodialysis patients is a new approach for patient global care. The objective of this work is to evaluate the physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients and identify the risk factors associated with reduced physical activity. This is a prospective study for 6 months including 150 chronic hemodialysis patients in the Guelmim-Oued Noun Regionin Moroccan Sahara. We use Baecke's survey, translated and validated in Arabic local language. The socio-demographic, clinical, and biological data were completed during the interrogation and from the medical records of the patients. Results The mean age of our patients was 54.6 ± 16.4 years, with male predominance (59%). Most patients have a low education level and 60% were illiterate. Hypertension was found in 54% of our patients, diabetes in 39%, and cardiovascular disease in 10% of patients. Low Physical activity was associated with gender (OR = 4.05), age (OR = 1.03) and high education level (OR = 0.2). Our work has met the various pre-established objectives, however other more specific studies must be conducted to better characterize the profile of physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Coinfection of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs With Babesia spp. (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) in Wisconsin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T E Zembsch ◽  
X Lee ◽  
G M Bron ◽  
L C Bartholomay ◽  
S M Paskewitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Babesia Spp

Abstract Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, is endemic and widespread in Wisconsin. Research in the northeastern United States has revealed a positive association between Babesia microti, the main pathogen that causes babesiosis in humans, and Bo. burgdorferi in humans and in ticks. This study was conducted to examine associations between the disease agents in the Upper midwestern United States. Ixodes scapularis Say nymphs (N = 2,858) collected between 2015 and 2017 from nine locations in Wisconsin were tested for Babesia spp. and Borrelia spp. using real-time PCR. Two species of Babesia were detected; Ba. microti and Babesia odocoilei (a parasite of members of the family Cervidae). Prevalence of infection at the nine locations ranged from 0 to 13% for Ba. microti, 11 to 31% for Bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto, and 5.7 to 26% for Ba. odocoilei. Coinfection of nymphs with Bo. burgdorferi and Ba. odocoilei was detected in eight of the nine locations and significant positive associations were observed in two of the eight locations. The prevalence of nymphal coinfection with both and Bo. burgdorferi and Ba. microti ranged from 0.81 to 6.5%. These two pathogens were significantly positively associated in one of the five locations where both pathogens were detected. In the other four locations, the observed prevalence of coinfection was higher than expected in all but one site-year. Clinics and healthcare providers should be aware of the association between Ba. microti and Bo. burgdorferi pathogens when treating patients who report tick bites.

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