scholarly journals A rapid influenza diagnostic test based on detection of viral neuraminidase activity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexiang Lin ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Ai-Qing Qin ◽  
Kwok-Min Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Acute Viral Infection ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractCurrent methods used for diagnosis of acute infection of pathogens rely on detection of nucleic acids, antigens, or certain classes of antibodies such as IgM. Here we report a virus enzyme assay as an alternative to these methods for detection of acute viral infection. In this method, we used a luciferin derivative as the substrate for detection of the enzyme activity of influenza viral neuraminidase as a means for diagnosis of influenza. The resulting commercial test, the qFLU Dx Test, uses a different supply chain that does not compete with those for the current tests. The assay reagents were formulated as a master mix that accommodated both the neuraminidase and luciferase reactions, thereby enabling rapid and prolonged production of stable light signal in the presence of influenza virus in the sample. The assay was evaluated using depository throat swab specimens. As expected, the assay exhibited similar detection rates for all influenza types and subtypes except for A(H7N9), which exhibited lower detection rate due to lower viral titer in the specimens. When throat swab specimens were diluted with the sample buffer of the test kit and tested with the qFLU Dx Test. The sensitivity and specificity were 82.41% (95% confidence interval: 79.66–85.84%) and 95.39% (95% confidence interval: 94.32–96.46%), respectively, for these diluted specimens in comparison to a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The uniqueness of the qFLU Dx Test as an enzymatic assay makes it highly complementary with currently available methods.

scholarly journals Endotoxemia as a Diagnostic Tool for Patients with Suspected Bacteremia Caused by Gram-Negative Organisms: a Meta-Analysis of 4 Decades of Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Hurley ◽  
Piotr Nowak ◽  
Lars Öhrmalm ◽  
Charalambos Gogos ◽  
Apostolos Armaganidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

The clinical significance of endotoxin detection in blood has been evaluated for a broad range of patient groups in over 40 studies published over 4 decades. The influences of Gram-negative (GN) bacteremia species type and patient inclusion criteria on endotoxemia detection rates in published studies remain unclear. Studies were identified after a literature search and manual reviews of article bibliographies, together with a direct approach to authors of potentially eligible studies for data clarifications. The concordance between GN bacteremia and endotoxemia expressed as the summary diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) was derived for three GN bacteremia categories across eligible studies by using a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) method. Forty-two studies met broad inclusion criteria, with between 2 and 173 GN bacteremias in each study. Among all 42 studies, the DORs (95% confidence interval) were 3.2 (1.7 to 6.0) and 5.8 (2.4 to 13.7) in association with GN bacteremias withEscherichia coliand those withPseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Among 12 studies of patients with sepsis, the proportion of endotoxemia positivity (95% confidence interval) among patients withP. aeruginosabacteremia (69% [57 to 79%];P= 0.004) or withProteusbacteremia (76% [51 to 91%];P= 0.04) was significantly higher than that among patients without GN bacteremia (49% [33 to 64%]), but this was not so for patients bacteremic withE. coli(57% [40 to 73%];P= 0.55). Among studies of the sepsis patient group, the concordance of endotoxemia with GN bacteremia was surprisingly weak, especially forE. coliGN bacteremia.

Su1324 A Case for Using a Confidence Interval-Based Approach to Adenoma Detection Rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. AB293-AB294
Author(s):  
Albert Do ◽  
Janice Weinberg ◽  
Aarti Kakkar ◽  
Brian C. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Adenoma Detection Rates

Detection of Influenza Viruses in Throat Swab by Using Polymerase Chain Reaction

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamada ◽  
Jiro Imanishi ◽  
Etsuro Nakajima ◽  
Katsuhisa Nakajima ◽  
Setsuko Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Carbapenemase Production and Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Western Chongqing, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Huang ◽  
Jisheng Zhang ◽  
Lingyi Zeng ◽  
Chengru Yang ◽  
Lining Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates in a hospital in western Chongqing, southwestern China.MethodsA total of 127 unique CRKP isolates were collected from the Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, identified using a VITEK-2 compact system, and subjected to microbroth dilution to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration. Enterobacteriaceae intergenic repeat consensus polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing were used to analyze the homology among the isolates. Genetic information, including resistance and virulence genes, was assessed using polymerase chain reaction. The genomic features of the CRKP carrying gene blaKPC-2 were detected using whole-genome sequencing.ResultsST11 was the dominant sequence type in the homology comparison. The resistance rate to ceftazidime-avibactam in children was much higher than that in adults as was the detection rate of the resistance gene blaNDM (p < 0.0001). Virulence genes such as mrkD (97.6%), uge (96.9%), kpn (96.9%), and fim-H (84.3%) had high detection rates. IncF (57.5%) was the major replicon plasmid detected, and sequencing showed that the CRKP063 genome contained two plasmids. The plasmid carrying blaKPC-2, which mediates carbapenem resistance, was located on the 359,625 base pair plasmid IncFII, together with virulence factors, plasmid replication protein (rep B), stabilizing protein (par A), and type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins that mediate plasmid conjugation transfer.ConclusionOur study aids in understanding the prevalence of CRKP in this hospital and the significant differences between children and adults, thus providing new ideas for clinical empirical use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Visual techniques for cervical cancer screening in Colombia

Biomédica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Óscar Gamboa ◽  
Mauricio González ◽  
Jairo Bonilla ◽  
Joaquín Luna ◽  
Raul Murillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Lower Detection

Introduction: Direct visual inspection for cervical cancer screening remains controversial, whereas colposcopy-biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of preneoplastic cervical lesions.Objectives: To determine the rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more and of false positives for colposcopy and direct visual inspection.Materials and methods: Women aged 25-59 underwent direct visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), Lugol’s iodine (VIA-VILI), and colposcopy. Punch biopsies were obtained for all positive tests. Using histology as the gold standard, detection and false positive rates were compared for VIA, VIA-VILI, and colposcopy (two thresholds). Sensitivity and false positive ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated.Results: We included 5,011 women in the analysis and we obtained 602 biopsies. Positivity rates for colposcopy high-grade and low-grade diagnosis were 1.6% and 10.8%. Positivity rates for VIA and VIA-VILI were 7.4% and 9.9%. VIA showed a significantly lower detection rate than colposcopy with low-grade diagnosis as the threshold (SR=0.72; 95% CI 0.57-0.91), and significantly lower false positive rate (FPR=0.70; 95% CI 0.65-0.76). No differences between VIA-VILI and colposcopy low-grade threshold were observed. VIA and VIA-VILI showed significantly higher detection and false positive rates than colposcopy high-grade threshold. Sensitivity rates for visual inspection decreased with age and false positive rates increased. For all age groups, false positive rates for VIA and VIA-VILI were significantly higher than colposcopy.Conclusions: Detection rates for VIA-VILI similar to colposcopy low-grade threshold represent a chance to reduce cervical cancer mortality through see-and-treat approaches among women with limited access to health care. Lower detection rates suggest reviewing high-grade colposcopy findings as the threshold for biopsy in certain settings.

scholarly journals RT-qPCR Testing of SARS-CoV-2: A Primer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 3004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Bustin ◽  
Tania Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Reliable Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Quantitative Fluorescence

Testing for the presence of coronavirus is an essential diagnostic tool for monitoring and managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. The only reliable test in current use for testing acute infection targets the genome of SARS-CoV-2, and the most widely used method is quantitative fluorescence-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Despite its ubiquity, there is a significant amount of uncertainty about how this test works, potential throughput and reliability. This has resulted in widespread misrepresentation of the problems faced using this test during the current COVID-19 epidemic. This primer provides simple, straightforward and impartial information about RT-qPCR.

A common genetic variation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 3698-3703 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Poort ◽  
FR Rosendaal ◽  
PH Reitsma ◽  
RM Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prothrombin Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Study

We have examined the prothrombin gene as a candidate gene for venous thrombosis in selected patients with a documented familial history of venous thrombophilia. All the exons and the 5′- and 3′-UT region of the prothrombin gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing in 28 probands. Except for known polymorphic sites, no deviations were found in the coding regions and the 5′-UT region. Only one nucleotide change (a G to A transition) at position 20210 was identified in the sequence of the 3′-UT region. Eighteen percent of the patients had the 20210 AG genotype, as compared with 1% of a group of healthy controls (100 subjects). In a population-based case-control study, the 20210 A allele was identified as a common allele (allele frequency, 1.2%; 95% confidence interval, 0.5% to 1.8%), which increased the risk of venous thrombosis almost threefold odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 5.6. The risk of thrombosis increased for all ages and both sexes. An association was found between the presence of the 20210 A allele and elevated prothrombin levels. Most individuals (87%) with the 20210 A allele are in the highest quartile of plasma prothrombin levels (> 1.15 U/mL). Elevated prothrombin itself also was found to be a risk factor for venous thrombosis.

scholarly journals Association between Platelet-Specific Collagen Receptor Glycoprotein 6 Gene Variants, Selected Biomarkers, and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Korean Women

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Hui Jeong An ◽  
Eun Hee Ahn ◽  
Jung Oh Kim ◽  
Chang Soo Ryu ◽  
Han Sung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This paper investigates whether glycoprotein 6 (GP6) gene polymorphisms are a risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Korean women. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification. We identified five polymorphisms in the GP6 gene: rs1654410 T>C, rs1671153 T>G, rs1654419 G>A, rs12610286 A>G, and rs1654431 G>A. GP6 rs1654410 CC was associated with decreased RPL risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.292, 95% confidence interval = 0.105–0.815, p = 0.019), and recessive genotypes were also significantly associated with decreased RPL risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.348, 95% confidence interval = 0.128−0.944, p = 0.038). GP6 rs1654419 GA was associated with decreased RPL risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.607, 95% confidence interval = 0.375-0.982, p = 0.042), and dominant genotypes were significantly associated with decreased RPL risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.563, 95% confidence interval = 0.358−0.885, p = 0.013). Altogether, the genotype frequencies of GP6 rs1654410 T>C and GP6 rs1654419 G>A were significantly different between RPL patients and control participants. Therefore, although GP6 polymorphisms may be useful as biomarkers of RPL, additional studies with heterogeneous cohorts are required to better understand the influence of GP6 and assess its performance as a biomarker.

scholarly journals 2150. Detection and Characterization of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Tonsillar Tissues of Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S729-S729
Author(s):  
Huanyu Wang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Kathy Everhart ◽  
Amy Leber
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The diagnosis of upper respiratory infections is commonly made using nucleic acid amplification technologies for viruses and bacteria. The impact of latency and colonization are not often appreciated. We aimed to detect viruses and bacteria present in tonsil and adenoid tissues from children during the absence of acute infection symptoms. Methods Remnant tonsil and adenoid tissues were obtained from children undergoing tonsillectomy procedures. Nucleic acids of viruses and bacteria were detected using laboratory developed PCRs targeting Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Adenoviruses (AdV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV6), human enteroviruses (HEV), Group A streptococcus (GAS), Kingella kingae (KKN), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN), Arcanobacterium haemolyticus (AHE), Fusobacterium necrophorum (FNE), Mycobacterium pneumoniae (MPN) and Neisseria meningitidis (NM). The genogroup of AdV and the type of HHV6 were determined as well. Demographics, clinical presentation and detection rates of these viruses and bacteria were analyzed. Results During the study period (April 2018 and March 2019), 239 samples were collected from patients <18 years with an average age of 5.1 years. More male subjects than female subjects were included (57.7% vs. 42.3%). Most of the patients underwent tonsillectomy due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy (93.3%). Thirty (12.5%) also had a history of tonsillitis, 224 (93.7%) sleep apnea, 36 (15.1%) otitis media, 35 (14.6%) Eustachian tube dysfunction and 46 (19.2%) had other conditions. The detection of the pathogens among each age group is presented in Table 1. The seasonal distributions of virus positivity are shown in Figure 1. Conclusion The detection rates of each virus and bacterium in the tonsillar tissues from children absent of acute infection symptoms vary in each age group and fluctuate among seasons. In the molecular era when syndromic real-time multiplex PCR kits can provide sensitive and rapid results for a wide range of pathogens, it is important to understand the meaning of detection and differentiate between an infection and colonization or latency. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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