scholarly journals Reduced readiness potential and post-movement beta synchronization reflect self-disorders in early course schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Luciano Donati ◽  
Matteo Fecchio ◽  
Davide Maestri ◽  
Mattia Cornali ◽  
Chiara Camilla Derchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Readiness Potential ◽  
Early Course ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
External Agent ◽  
Beta Frequency Band ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDisturbances of conscious awareness, or self-disorders, are a defining feature of schizophrenia. These include symptoms such as delusions of control, i.e. the belief that one’s actions are controlled by an external agent. Models of self-disorders point at altered neural mechanisms of source monitoring, i.e. the ability of the brain to discriminate self-generated stimuli from those driven by the environment. However, evidence supporting this putative relationship is currently lacking. We performed electroencephalography (EEG) during self-paced, brisk right fist closures in ten (M = 9; F = 1) patients with Early-Course Schizophrenia (ECSCZ) and age and gender-matched healthy volunteers. We measured the Readiness Potential (RP), i.e. an EEG feature preceding self-generated movements, and movement-related EEG spectral changes. Self-disorders in ECSCZ were assessed with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE). Patients showed a markedly reduced RP and altered post-movement Event-Related Synchronization (ERS) in the beta frequency band (14–24 Hz) compared to healthy controls. Importantly, smaller RP and weaker ERS were associated with higher EASE scores in ECSCZ. Our data suggest that disturbances of neural correlates preceding and following self-initiated movements may reflect the severity of self-disorders in patients suffering from ECSCZ. These findings point towards deficits in basic mechanisms of sensorimotor integration as a substrate for self-disorders.

AGGRESSION IN PROFESSIONAL FEMALE DEFENDER SOCCER PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Kittichai Tharawadeepimuk ◽  
Yodchanan Wongsawat
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Beta Frequency Band ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
The Brain

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of competition on brain activity representing aggression. Quantitative electroencephalograms (QEEGs) of Thai professional female soccer team players were analyzed in terms of aggression. The QEEGs of 17 soccer players were recorded three times: twice before a competition (once per week) and one week after the competition. There was a significant increase in the beta frequency band associated with the Fp1, Fp2, F7, and F8 positions as the competition approached. The changes in brain activity were observed in two patterns: the first was an increase in the intensity level of brain processing (presented in terms of brain topographic maps as absolute power), and the second was the magnitude of the amplitude at each of the EEG channels between the hemispheres (presented in terms of brain connectivity as amplitude asymmetry). Consequently, QEEG values were examined as they related to aggression. In the statistical analysis, paired-sample t tests confirmed that an aggressive phenomenon occurred as the competition approached. In addition, the aggressive phenomenon was found in the brain activity of players with defensive soccer positions.

Shame on the brain: Neural correlates of moral injury event recall in posttraumatic stress disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle S. Lloyd ◽  
Andrew A. Nicholson ◽  
Maria Densmore ◽  
Jean Théberge ◽  
Richard W. J. Neufeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Moral Injury ◽  
Injury Event ◽  
Event Recall ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Francesca Biondo ◽  
Charlotte Nymberg Thunell ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Congying Chu ◽  
Tianye Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Psychopathological Symptom ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Sex-related differences in psychopathology are known phenomena, with externalizing and internalizing symptoms typically more common in boys and girls, respectively. However, the neural correlates of these sex-by-psychopathology interactions are underinvestigated, particularly in adolescence. Methods Participants were 14 years of age and part of the IMAGEN study, a large (N = 1526) community-based sample. To test for sex-by-psychopathology interactions in structural grey matter volume (GMV), we used whole-brain, voxel-wise neuroimaging analyses based on robust non-parametric methods. Psychopathological symptom data were derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results We found a sex-by-hyperactivity/inattention interaction in four brain clusters: right temporoparietal-opercular region (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = −0.24), bilateral anterior and mid-cingulum (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = −0.18), right cerebellum and fusiform (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = −0.20) and left frontal superior and middle gyri (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = −0.26). Higher symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention were associated with lower GMV in all four brain clusters in boys, and with higher GMV in the temporoparietal-opercular and cerebellar-fusiform clusters in girls. Conclusions Using a large, sex-balanced and community-based sample, our study lends support to the idea that externalizing symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention may be associated with different neural structures in male and female adolescents. The brain regions we report have been associated with a myriad of important cognitive functions, in particular, attention, cognitive and motor control, and timing, that are potentially relevant to understand the behavioural manifestations of hyperactive and inattentive symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering sex in our efforts to uncover mechanisms underlying psychopathology during adolescence.

Area, Age and Gender Dependence of the Nucleoside System in the Brain: a Review of Current Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Kovacs ◽  
Gabor Juhasz ◽  
Miklos Palkovits ◽  
Arpad Dobolyi ◽  
Katalin A. Kekesi
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Dependence ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Sex differences in neural and behavioral signatures of cooperation revealed by fNIRS hyperscanning

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Baker ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Xu Cui ◽  
Pascal Vrticka ◽  
Manish Saggar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Behavioral Signatures ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Researchers from multiple fields have sought to understand how sex moderates human social behavior. While over 50 years of research has revealed differences in cooperation behavior of males and females, the underlying neural correlates of these sex differences have not been explained. A missing and fundamental element of this puzzle is an understanding of how the sex composition of an interacting dyad influences the brain and behavior during cooperation. Using fNIRS-based hyperscanning in 111 same- and mixed-sex dyads, we identified significant behavioral and neural sex-related differences in association with a computer-based cooperation task. Dyads containing at least one male demonstrated significantly higher behavioral performance than female/female dyads. Individual males and females showed significant activation in the right frontopolar and right inferior prefrontal cortices, although this activation was greater in females compared to males. Female/female dyad’s exhibited significant inter-brain coherence within the right temporal cortex, while significant coherence in male/male dyads occurred in the right inferior prefrontal cortex. Significant coherence was not observed in mixed-sex dyads. Finally, for same-sex dyads only, task-related inter-brain coherence was positively correlated with cooperation task performance. Our results highlight multiple important and previously undetected influences of sex on concurrent neural and behavioral signatures of cooperation.

The Advancement of Neuroimaging Research Investigating Developmental Stuttering

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deryk S. Beal
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
The Brain ◽  
State Of The Field

We are amassing information about the role of the brain in speech production and the potential neural limitations that coincide with developmental stuttering at a fast rate. As such, it is difficult for many clinician-scientists who are interested in the neural correlates of stuttering to stay informed of the current state of the field. In this paper, I aim to inspire clinician-scientists to tackle hypothesis-driven research that is grounded in neurobiological theory. To this end, I will review the neuroanatomical structures, and their functions, which are implicated in speech production and then describe the relevant differences identified in these structures in people who stutter relative to their fluently speaking peers. I will conclude the paper with suggestions on directions of future research to facilitate the evolution of the field of neuroimaging of stuttering.

Multidimensional assessment of empathic abilities: Neural correlates and gender differences

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Derntl ◽  
Andreas Finkelmeyer ◽  
Simon Eickhoff ◽  
Thilo Kellermann ◽  
Dania I. Falkenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Multidimensional Assessment ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Rhythm and its perception in the central nervous system

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
B. Ried ◽  
G. Rodrigues ◽  
E. Gama
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
International Data ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRhythm works as an organizing principle in all sorts/manner of human behavior and perception. Several sciences investigate rhythm, trying to unveil the mechanisms of its perception and its neural correlates. In order to assess the knowledge available from 2001 to 2011, we conducted a review into five international data bases using the keywords “rhythm” and “perception“. 17 original research papers were found whose indings were fairly inconclusive and unable to precisely locate one single rhythm processing area in the brain, but found activations in both cortical and subcortical structures and the cerebellum. However, methods were found to be fairly diverse and often terminologically inconsistent, which hampers comparison between studies. Conclusions: the former vision of rhythm perception in the brain as occurring in a network has been conirmed.

scholarly journals Mapping the common and distinct neural correlates of visual, rule and motor conflict

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony Goulding Mew ◽  
Darije Custovic ◽  
Eyal Soreq ◽  
Romy Lorenz ◽  
Ines Violante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Categorical Scale ◽  
Conflict Types

AbstractFlexible behaviour requires cognitive-control mechanisms to efficiently resolve conflict between competing information and alternative actions. Whether a global neural resource mediates all forms of conflict or this is achieved within domainspecific systems remains debated. We use a novel fMRI paradigm to orthogonally manipulate rule, response and stimulus-based conflict within a full-factorial design. Whole-brain voxelwise analyses show that activation patterns associated with these conflict types are distinct but partially overlapping within Multiple Demand Cortex (MDC), the brain regions that are most commonly active during cognitive tasks. Region of interest analysis shows that most MDC sub-regions are activated for all conflict types, but to significantly varying levels. We propose that conflict resolution is an emergent property of distributed brain networks, the functional-anatomical components of which place on a continuous, not categorical, scale from domain-specialised to domain general. MDC brain regions place towards one end of that scale but display considerable functional heterogeneity.

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