scholarly journals Foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to conspecific alarm cues in various conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Chi ◽  
Mingfang Yang ◽  
Fangyuan Hu ◽  
Xiyuan Huang ◽  
Yushi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foraging Ability ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
Mesocentrotus Nudus

AbstractConspecific alarm cues crushed from Mesocentrotus nudus prevent sea urchins from foraging the kelp, but do not repel them far away from the kelp. However, it remains largely unknown of whether this phenomenon was affected by conspecific alarm cues or by the attraction of the kelp. The present study found no significant difference in the duration in the danger area with or without the kelp around conspecific alarm cues. This suggests that the phenomenon is the strategy of sea urchins but not by the attraction of kelp. We found that conspecific alarm cues appearing between the kelp and sea urchins significantly affected foraging behavior of sea urchins fasted for 21 days. This indicates that conspecific alarm cues can effectively prevent fasted sea urchins from foraging the kelp. Further, there was no correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the danger area. Pearson correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between foraging velocity and the duration in the safety area close to different amounts of conspecific alarm cues, suggesting that conspecific alarm cues prevent sea urchins with strong foraging ability to forage. Collectively, the present results indicate that conspecific alarm cues as highly available biological barriers are cost-effective approaches to preventing overgrazing of sea urchins in the protection of kelp beds ecosystems. Notably, the present study is a short-term laboratory investigation that does not consider the complexity of natural conditions. Future studies are essential to test the present findings in the field.

scholarly journals Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangnan Sun ◽  
Xiaomei Chi ◽  
Mingfang Yang ◽  
Jingyun Ding ◽  
Dongtao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Significant Difference

Small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius (1–2 cm of test diameter) are exposed to different environments of light intensities after being reseeded to the sea bottom. With little information available about the behavioral responses of S. intermedius to different light intensities in the environment, we carried out an investigation on how S. intermedius is affected by three light intensity environments in terms of phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors. They were no light (zero lx), low light intensity (24–209 lx) and high light intensity (252–2,280 lx). Light intensity had obvious different effects on phototaxis. In low light intensity, sea urchins moved more and spent significantly more time at the higher intensity (69–209 lx) (P = 0.046). S. intermedius in high light intensity, in contrast, spent significantly more time at lower intensity (252–690 lx) (P = 0.005). Unexpectedly, no significant difference of movement (average velocity and total distance covered) was found among the three light intensities (P > 0.05). Foraging behavior of S. intermedius was significantly different among the light intensities. In the no light environment, only three of ten S. intermedius found food within 7 min. In low light intensity, nine of 10 sea urchins showed successful foraging behavior to the food placed at 209 lx, which was significantly higher than the ratio of the number (two of 10) when food was placed at 24 lx (P = 0.005). In the high light intensity, in contrast, significantly less sea urchins (three of 10) found food placed at the higher light intensity (2,280 lx) compared with the lower light intensity (252 lx) (10/10, P = 0.003). Furthermore, S. intermedius showed significantly longer righting response time in the high light intensity compared with both no light (P = 0.001) and low light intensity (P = 0.031). No significant difference was found in righting behavior between no light and low light intensity (P = 0.892). The present study indicates that light intensity significantly affects phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of S. intermedius and that ~200 lx might be the appropriate light intensity for reseeding small S. intermedius.

scholarly journals Moral Disengagement and Aggression in Fight Sport Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Burcu Güvendi ◽  
Ayşe Türksoy Işım
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

The goal of this study is to investigate the moral disengagement and aggression levels of fight sport athletes according to several independent variables and reveal the relationship among them. The study group consisted of totally 207 fight sport athletes, 88 females and 119 males with age  = 21,99 ± 4,92 and year of sport  = 6,14 ± 5,42. “The Scale of Moral Disengagement in Sport” and “The Questionnaire of Buss-Perry Aggression” were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used in the analysis of data. While the mean of physical aggression of athletes was found as the highest, verbal aggression had the lowest mean value within the sub-dimensions of aggression, and they stated that they somewhat disagreed with the moral disengagement. It was found that there was a moderate positive significant correlation between moral disengagement and sub-dimensions of anger, hostility, physical and verbal aggressions of aggression scale. Significant difference was observed in the dimension of moral disengagement in accordance with age and year of sport. Physical and verbal aggression scores of males are significantly higher according to gender. The aggression and moral disengagement scores of kickboxers are significantly higher than those of taekwondo athletes in line with the branch. To conclude, it was determined that fight sport athletes did not approve moral disengagement in sport, however, the case of moral disengagement of athletes, who were younger and started the sport recently, was higher and they mostly showed the behaviour of aggression physically.

scholarly journals Moral Disengagement Level of Team Athletes Depending on Unethical Behaviors They Perceived from Their Coaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Burcu Guvendi ◽  
Ayse Turksoy Isim
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
National Team ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unethical Behaviors ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis

The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between moral disengagement level of team athletes and unethical behaviors they perceived from their coaches by examining moral disengagement level of team athletes depending on unethical behaviors they perceived from their coaches. The target population of the study consists of 305 team athletes whose age average is 20.45 ± 4.68 and who are training with the same trainer for average of 2.01 ± 1.69 years and from basketball, football and volleyball branches. In this study, “Moral Disengagement in Sport” and “Athlete’s Perception about Coaches’ Unethical Behaviors” scales have been used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used for the analysis of data. According to the findings of the study, it was observed that there was a positive low level of correlation between moral disengagement and athlete’s perception about unethical behaviors of the coach. Younger athletes have a higher perception about unethical behavior they perceived from coaches. Moral disengagement scores of male athletes, athletes who did not take part in national team and athletes who were punished were significantly higher. Significant difference was observed in moral disengagement and in the sub-dimensions of the athletes’ perception about their coaches’ unethical behavior scales by branch. When the meeting level of athletes with their coaches in the social environment examined, it was seen that there was a significant difference in all sub-dimensions of the athlete’s perception regarding the coach’s unethical behaviors scale. When athlete’s level of communication with their coaches was examined, there was a significant difference in all sub-dimensions of the athlete’s perception regarding the coach’s unethical behaviors scale. As a result, as the level of unethical behavior that athletes perceived from their coaches increases, the level of moral disengagement also increases.

Conspecific alarm cues are a potential effective barrier to regulate foraging behavior of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 105476
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Chi ◽  
Fangyuan Hu ◽  
Chuanxin Qin ◽  
Xiyuan Huang ◽  
Jiangnan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Mesocentrotus Nudus

The effectiveness of ‘Student Team Achievement Divisions’ (STAD) model towards students’ achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nor Azzatul Akmarisha Serjali ◽  
Hazianti Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
Principles Of Accounting ◽  
Learning Principles

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the STAD model towards students’ achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject, specifically in the Ledger topics. This study also evaluated students' understanding, motivation, attitude and interest in learning Principles of Accounting after using the STAD model. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was used. The sample selection involved Form 4 students from the social science stream comprising 30 students in the treatment group and 30 students in the control group. The research instruments used were pre-test, post-test and a survey questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential analysis. The descriptive analysis was used to describe students' perceptions of learning Principles of Accounting after using the STAD model. The inferential analysis involved analysis such as independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis to explain the differences and relationships between the variables of the study. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group in the post-test whereby the treatment group showed a significant and higher improvement (mean score= 18.267) compared to the control group (mean score= 15.133). The Pearson correlation analysis also showed a strong relationship (r= 0.745) between the STAD model and student achievement in post-test analysis. The results of the students' perceptions of Principles of Accounting after using the STAD model showed that their levels of understanding and motivation were high. The findings of this study showed that the STAD model improved students' achievement, understanding and motivation in Principles of Accounting subject. The implications of this study indicated that the STAD model could enhance the learning effectiveness of Principles of Accounting.

The Influence of Single-Clause Sentences on IELTS Writing Task 2 Band Score

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Thanh Tan Tran ◽  
Dinh Minh Dang Truong
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Writing Task

This research aims to investigate the frequencies of single-clause sentences (SS) and multi-clause sentences (MS) used by IELTS test-takers in writing task 2 and the relationship between their use of single-clause sentences and band score in this section. The researcher used the descriptive comparative research design and the quantitative method design with convenient sampling with fifty (50) sample essays mainly sourced from the set of Cambridge English IELTS Academic books. After collecting the data, the researchers analyzed the data using statistical and descriptive analysis. The result shows that the percentages of single-clause and multi-clause sentences in the range between 0 and 6.0 bands are relatively equal. On the other hand, these percentages in the range of 6.5-9.0 have a significant difference. Additionally, the results of Pearson Correlation Analysis show that the frequency of single-clause sentences has an insignificant negative relationship with the IELTS writing task 2 band score. Therefore, IELTS writing task 2 compositions with more single-clause sentences are potentially graded with a lower band score.

scholarly journals An examination of the relationship between lifelong learning tendencies and physics of engineer candidatesMühendis adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ile fizik başarıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3199
Author(s):  
Hatice Güzel
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physics Course ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

In this study, it was investigated whether the points of the scale of “lifelong learning tendencies” of the engineer candidates who took physics course varied according to, variables such as "gender, physics success, duration of internet use and department of education". The population of the study consists from s a total of 225 engineer candidates who took Physics-1 course at Necmettin Erbakan University Engineering and Architecture Faculty in Fall in 2016-2017 academic year. Frequency, mean, independent t test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the points taken from of the scale of “lifelong learning tendencies” do not show any significant difference according to departments and internet usage period. The mean scores of persistence and learning which are the subdimensions of the lifelong learning tendency scaleof do not show a significant difference according to gender, whereas the scores of lack of motivation and curiosity show significant differences according to gender. Female students' points are more higher in the dimension of lack of motivation, male students’ points are more higher in the dimension of curiosity. As the lifelong learning tendecies, perseverance and motivation of engineer candidates increase, physics course achievements also increase.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmada, fizik dersini alan mühendis adaylarının, yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ölçeğinin genelinden alınan puanların “cinsiyet, fizik başarısı, internet kullanım süresi ve öğrenim görülen bölüm” değişkenlerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2016-2017 Eğitim-öğretim yılı güz yarıyılında Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesinde Fizik -1 dersini alan toplam 225 mühendis adayı oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans, ortalama, bağımsız t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi(Anova) ve Pearson korelasyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ölçeğinin genelinden alınan puanlar, bölümlere ve internet kullanım süresine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemektedir. Yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ölçeğinin alt boyutlarından sebat ve öğrenmeyi düzenlemede yoksunluk puan ortalamaları, cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermezken, motivasyon ve merak yoksunluğu puan ortalamaları ise cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermiştir. Kızların motivasyonları, erkeklerin ise merak yoksunlukları daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Mühendis adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğitimleri, sebat ve motivasyonları arttıkça fizik ders başarıları da artmaktadır.

scholarly journals Serum Krebs von den Lungen (KL-6) level as a marker of exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab H. Saeed ◽  
Mohammed H. Magdy ◽  
Emad A. Abdelnaem ◽  
Madyan M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hospital Research

Abstract Background Krebs von den Lungen (KL-6) is elevated in serum of interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients based on its leakage from the alveolar space into the blood; KL-6 is significantly higher in patients with acute exacerbation of ILDs (AE-ILD) compared with stable patients. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of KL6 to detect AE-ILD. Results This is a prospective cross sectional observational study was carried out on 88 subjects at the Chest Department, Minia Cardiothoracic University Hospital, during the period from August 2018 to August 2019. This study was approved by the hospital research ethics board of Minia University and informed consent was obtained. History, examination, spirometry, ABGs, X-ray, HRCT, CBC, ESR, CRP, and KL6 levels were done to both stable and exacerbation groups of ILDs. The level of biomarkers is compared between both groups and control. Statistical analysis done by using IBM SPSS statistical package version 20 (χ2 test and independent sample t test, ANOVA test, bivariate Pearson correlation analysis, and ROC curve analysis). The study showed that there is a significant difference between stable and exacerbating groups regarding fever, signs of RHF, dyspnea scale, FVC, and PaO2. Conclusion KL-6 cutoff ≥ 187.5 U/ml could exhibit AE-ILDs with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 97%. KL-6 is a more sensitive and specific marker to detect AE-ILD.

Extrakorporális és intrakorporális anasztomózis rövid távú eredményeinek összehasonlítása malignus daganat miatt végzett laparoszkópos jobb oldali hemikolektómia esetén

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Kornél Vajda ◽  
László Sikorszki
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Colon Surgery ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laparoscopic Assisted ◽  
Laparoscopic Hemicolectomy

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A laparoszkópia térhódítása a jobb oldali colon műtéteknél is nyilvánvaló. Ma legtöbb helyen a laparoszkóposan asszisztált jobb oldali hemikolektómia extrakorporális anasztomózissal a gold standard. A morbiditás randomizált vizsgálatok alapján még 30% körüli. A technikai fejlődés lehetővé tette az intrakorporális anasztomózist. Célkitűzés: Retrospektív módon elemezni rosszindulatú jobb oldali vastagbéldaganat miatt végzett laparoszkópos hemikolektómiák rövid távú eredményeit a két módszer összehasonlításával. Eredmények: 2018. 01. 01. – 2019. 12. 31. között 184 jobb oldali hemikolektómiát végeztünk, ezek közül 122 történt malignus betegség miatt. 51 esetben nyitott és 71 esetben laparoszkópos műtét történt. 37 férfi (átlagéletkor: 70,59 év) és 34 nő (átlagéletkor: 72,14 év) volt. 50 esetben extrakorporális (EA) és 21 esetben pedig intrakorporális anasztomózist (IA) végeztünk. Az EA csoportban 18, míg az IA csoportban 3 szövődmény alakult ki 30 napon belül (p = 0,067). Az EA csoportból 3, az IA csoportból 1 beteget veszítettünk el 30 napon belül (p = 0,66). Az átlagos ápolási idő az EA csoportban 9,48 (5–32) nap, míg az IA csoportban 6,52 (4–19) nap volt (p = 0,001) a szövődményes esetekkel együtt. A szövődményes esetek nélkül az EA csoportban 6,35 (5–10) nap, az IA csoportban pedig 5,55 (4–8) napnak bizonyult (p = 0,09). A műtéti idő pedig az EA csoportban 147 (90–240) perc, az IA csoportban pedig 146,47 (90–265) perc volt (p = 0,11). Konklúzió: Az irodalommal összhangban azt találtuk, hogy IA esetén kevesebb a szövődmény, ezzel is összefüggésben rövidebb az átlagos ápolási idő, és a műtéti időt tekintve nincs szignifikáns különbség. Ezeket figyelembe véve az intrakorporális anasztomózis javasolható jobb oldali laparoszkópos hemikolektómia esetén. Summary. Introduction: Laparoscopy became evident for right-sided colon surgery too. Today the laparoscopic-assisted right-hemicolectomy is the gold standard with extracorporeal anastomosis. Morbidity according to randomized trials is still approximately 30%. The development of the surgical technique resulted in the creation of intracorporeal anastomosis. Our aim was to compare the short-term results of the two methods. Aim: To analyse the short-term results of right-sided hemicolectomy that were performed due to malignant tumours with the comparison of the two methods. Results: A cohort of 184 right-sided hemicolectomy were performed from 01.01.2018 to 31.12.2019 from which 122 were operated on because of a malignant disease. 51 open and 71 laparoscopic operations were performed. The average age of 37 men and 34 women were 70.59 and 72.14 years, respectively. 50 patients underwent extracorporeal (EA) anastomosis and 21 intracorporeal (IA) anastomosis. Within 30 days the number of complications were 18 in the EA group and 3 in the IA group (p = 0.067). 3 from the EA group and 1 from IA group died within 30 days (p = 0.66). The average length of stay were 9.48 days in the EA group and 6.52 days in the IA group together with the complicated cases (p = 0.001) while 6.35 days and 5.55 days without the complicated cases (p = 0.09). The average duration of operation was 147 minutes in the EA and 146.47 minutes in the IA group (p = 0.11). Conclusion: We found concordance with the literature that there are fewer complications in case of IA which might be related to shorter length of stay. There is no significant difference between the surgical times. Bearing these facts in mind, IA might be suggested for right- sided laparoscopic hemicolectomy.

Effect of a-Week Summer Camp on the Hopelessness and Self-Esteem of the University Students Attending Sport Sciences Faculty

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korkmaz YİĞİTER ◽  
Hakan TOSUN
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Summer Camp ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The University

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of participation in a 1-week summer camp on thehopelessness and self-esteem of the university students attending Sport Sciences Faculty. Participants were 36university students assigned to experiment group using a random procedure. Coopersmith Self-esteem and Beck Hopelessness Scales were completed at the beginning and end of the summer camp by designed the university. The obtained data were analysed in the SPSS 18.0 program and the significance level was taken as 0.05. The descriptive statistics, independent simple t test, paired simple t test and Pearson correlation were used for analyse the data in the study. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was observed in the comparison of the hopelessness and self-esteem levels between pre and post-test. In addition, there was a significant difference in the hopelessness level of male and female students but any significant difference was not observed in terms of self-esteem. There was a significant relationship between hopelessness and self-esteem pre and post-test. These result shows that a 1-week summer camp cannot change the hopelessness or self-esteem level. However, as the self-esteem rises, the rate of despair decreases whereas as the despair rises, the selfesteem decreases.

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