The effectiveness of ‘Student Team Achievement Divisions’ (STAD) model towards students’ achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nor Azzatul Akmarisha Serjali ◽  
Hazianti Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
Principles Of Accounting ◽  
Learning Principles

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the STAD model towards students’ achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject, specifically in the Ledger topics. This study also evaluated students' understanding, motivation, attitude and interest in learning Principles of Accounting after using the STAD model. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was used. The sample selection involved Form 4 students from the social science stream comprising 30 students in the treatment group and 30 students in the control group. The research instruments used were pre-test, post-test and a survey questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential analysis. The descriptive analysis was used to describe students' perceptions of learning Principles of Accounting after using the STAD model. The inferential analysis involved analysis such as independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis to explain the differences and relationships between the variables of the study. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group in the post-test whereby the treatment group showed a significant and higher improvement (mean score= 18.267) compared to the control group (mean score= 15.133). The Pearson correlation analysis also showed a strong relationship (r= 0.745) between the STAD model and student achievement in post-test analysis. The results of the students' perceptions of Principles of Accounting after using the STAD model showed that their levels of understanding and motivation were high. The findings of this study showed that the STAD model improved students' achievement, understanding and motivation in Principles of Accounting subject. The implications of this study indicated that the STAD model could enhance the learning effectiveness of Principles of Accounting.

scholarly journals The Effect of IELTS Listening Strategy Use on the Reduction of IELTS Listening Test Anxiety and on IELTS Listening Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Nemat Tabrizi ◽  
Mahnaz Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The study investigates the impact of IELTS listening strategy use on the reduction of listening test anxiety and on the listening performance of the IELTS test takers in light of the data of 80 participants on the pretest and post-test IELTS listening along with the participants' score on pre-anxiety and post anxiety scale. So, drawing on the instruments including a proficiency test, pre/post-test, anxiety questionnaire, materials for strategy instruction, the participants were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group and Experimental Group, each including 40 participants. As per the procedure, after tackling their pre-listening performance and pre-anxiety score, one group was treated with IELTS-Listening related strategies and the other group was not treated, but both were administered listening test. The results of the study indicated that those treated with IELTS strategy outperformed ( t (78) = 4.57, p = .000, r = .460 ) those receiving no listening-related strategy. Furthermore, the results of a t-test run on the post-test of the groups anxiety arrived at a statistically significant difference (t (78) = 5.77, p = .000, r = .547), representing that the control group outperformed the experimental group. Also, Pearson Correlation done for finding out a potential relationship between anxiety and listening performance indicated a negative and weak to moderate relationship ((r (78) = -.26, p = .020). The pedagogical implications of the study are in detailed argued.

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Syzygium aromaticum on Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mice Balb/c

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Syahran Wael ◽  
Theopilus Wilhelmus Watuguly ◽  
Didik Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Proliferation Of Lymphocytes

Syzygium aromaticum as an immunomodulator contains main active compound eugenol which is able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and the production of macrophages. Lymphocytes have a very important role to provide protection in the body against infection. This study aims to prove the effects of extract Syzygium aromaticum leaf against increased proliferation of lymphocytes, lymphoblast and macrophages of mice Balb/c of induced Salmonella typhimurium. The method used in this study was experimental with post test only control group. Mice Balb/c were divided into 4 groups as a control group and treatment induced of Salmonella typhimurium. The first treatment group were administrated extracts of 15mg /kgbw, the second treatment 75mg/kgbw, the third treatment of 150mg/kgbw for 12days. ANOVA test showed a significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation but not lymphoblast and macrophages.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS LIDAH BUAYA TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA PADA WANITA PREDIABETES

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Sukma Pertiwi ◽  
Hesti Murwani Rahayuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background: Prediabetes is a condition which pioneers of DM. Diet management is the effective method to decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. One of plant that correlates decreasing FBG level is Aloe vera. The purpose of  the study was to prove the effects of Aloe vera on FBG level in prediabetes women. Method: This study was quasi experiment with pre test-post test design. The subjects were people in Tlogosari Kulon Semarang who taken by consecutive sampling. Total subjects were 26 people which was divided in 2 groups. The treatment group was given juice Aloe vera 150 gram per day during 14 days and control group was not given juice Aloe vera. FBG level was measured before and after intervention using spectrofotometri method. During intervention, both of group recorded food intake using food record and food recall. Data was analyzed by Independent sample t-test, Mann Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test. Result : The decreasing of FBG level in treatment group was 20.38±14.7 (18.92%) mg/dl and control group was 0.38±11.12 mg /dl. Statistic analysis showed that there was significant difference at decreasing of FBG level in treatment group and control group. Conclusion : There was significant decreasing FBG level 20.38 mg/dl after given juice Aloe vera 150 gram per day during 14 days.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Afirmasi terhadap Stres Mahasiswa yang Menempuh Skripsi di Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Jember

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Rommiyatun Zainiyah ◽  
Erti Ikhtiarini Dewi ◽  
Wantiyah Wantiyah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

One of stressor in college students is taking a final project as a graduation requirement. The body'sresponse toward stress includes a rise of heart rate, diarrhea and insomnia. One of stressmanagement is affirmation relaxation (AR) technique. This research aimed to analyze the influenceof AR technique towards stress on students who take a final project in Faculty of Nursing, UniversityOf Jember. This research used a quasi experiment with Pretest-Post test approach and controlgroup design. Sampling technique that used is purposive sampling with respondent divided into twogroups, the treatment group and control group with 15 respondents for each group. Data wasanalyzed by using Dependent t test and Independent t test with 95% CI. The result showed thatthere was a significant difference stress before and after given AR technique within average 19,2 to10,87 (p = 0,001). Mean while, there was no significant difference of stress between pretest and posttest in control group within average 18,73 to 18,4 (p = 0,841). Overall, there was a difference ofstress between treatment group and control group (p =0,02, α = 0,05). The AR techniques reducestress because it can influence the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to produce endorphinehormone. The conclusion of this research is there was an influence of AR technique towards stresson students who Taking a Final Project in Faculty of Nursing University of Jember.Keywords: affirmation relaxation technique, stress, final project.

An evaluation of the Missouri public high school personal finance course graduation requirement : is there a transfer of knowledge?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Simmerman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Personal Finance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Public High School ◽  
Graduation Requirement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This researcher performed an evaluation of the Missouri public high school personal finance graduation requirement. Sophomore, junior, and senior students at a Missouri public high school were given a pre-test and post-test consisting of 31 questions related to financial literacy topics. The students consisted of treatment group that was completing a personal finance class and a control group of students taking other business classes. The testing instrument used was the Jumpstart Coalition Survey of Personal Financial Literacy and the 31 questions were broken into four sub-scores within the realm of financial literacy (income, money management, credit and spending, and savings and investing). The study showed that the treatment group had a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the areas of money management, credit and spending as well as the overall score with the post-test scores being higher than the pre-test scores. There was also a statistically significant difference in the knowledge gained between the treatment group and the control group in the area of credit and spending as well as the overall score. There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge gained found in the demographic areas of gender, socioeconomic status (measured by how students paid for lunch), or grade level. These findings help support the idea that the current personal finance class is working across all demographics in most areas of financial literacy and could be implemented as a model for other school districts. Future research in this area should consider various items such as expanding the sample base, performing a longitudinal study, and considering the effects of age on one's ability to comprehend financial knowledge.

scholarly journals Nephrolepis exaltata Herbal Mask Increases Nasal IgA Levels and Pulmonary Function in Textile Factory Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Awal Prasetyo ◽  
Arindra Adi Rahardja ◽  
Dhiva Tsuroya Azzahro ◽  
Ika Pawitra Miranti ◽  
Indah Saraswati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of

Background. Chronic occupational exposure in textile workers lowers the pulmonary function and levels of sinonasal IgA. A Nephrolepis exaltata herbal mask can protect the respiratory tract. This study aims to understand the effect of this herbal mask on the IgA levels and pulmonary function in textile workers. Thirty employees were selected for this study. Methods. The pre- and post-test randomized experimental control trials were conducted in a garment industry of Bawen, Semarang, Indonesia. The subjects that qualified to participate (n = 30) fulfilled the inclusion criteria i.e., 20–35 years old, healthy, and willing to be a research subject; and exclusion criteria i.e., having history of alcohol consumption, smoking, history of liver disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, pulmonary and heart disease and/or being pregnant. The subjects were then divided randomly into control group (n = 15), who used regular mask that was rewashed and changed every month for eight weeks, and treatment group (n = 15), who used Nephrolepis exaltata mask that was changed every two days for eight weeks. Pulmonary function tests were carried out using MIR Spirolab III before and after the experiment. IgA levels were measured by nasal wash method using ELISA. Results. IgA levels of the treatment group before and after usage of mask were significantly different (p<0.001) compared to the control group. There were significant difference in FVC of the control group, but no significant difference was observed for FEV1 (p=0.507) and PEF (p=0.001). In the treatment group, all three parameters showed significant differences [FVC (p=0.038), FEV1 (p=0.004), and PEF (p=0.001)]. The means of ΔFVC, ΔFEV1, and ΔPEF were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treatment group with OR = 5.1 for higher IgA levels. Conclusions. The herbal mask is better in increasing IgA and improving the pulmonary function compared to the regular mask.

scholarly journals Let-7a Inhibits T-Cell Proliferation and IFN-γ Secretion by Down-Regulating STAT3 Expression in Patients with Psoriasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ping Hu ◽  
Qian Xie ◽  
Chao-Feng Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
Ifn Γ

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of STAT3 targeting by let-7a on T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion in psoriasis. Methods: From January 2013 to January 2015, 40 patients with psoriasis (psoriasis group) and 38 volunteers undergoing plastic surgery (control group) were enrolled in this study. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between let-7a and STAT3 expression. T-cells were isolated and subjected to different transfection methods. A dual luciferase reporter assay was carried out to confirm STAT3 as a target gene of let-7a. Let-7a, STAT3 and IFN-γ mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and pSTAT3 protein levels were determined by Western blot. T-cell proliferation was evaluated with a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Results: The level of STAT3 mRNA and pSTAT3 was higher, but let-7a expression was lower in the psoriasis group than the control group. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that STAT3 expression was negatively correlated with let-7a expression. T-cells transfected with inhibitors exhibited greater IFN-γ mRNA expression and T-cell proliferation than transfected T-cells and T-cells transfected with a non-sense sequence, while T-cells transfected with let-7a mimics exhibited lower IFN-γ mRNA expression and T-cell proliferation than transfected T-cells and T-cells transfected with a non-sense sequence. This suggested that siRNA-STAT3 could reverse the increase in IFN-y mRNA expression and T-cell proliferation induced by let-7a inhibitors. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that let-7a inhibits T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion by down-regulating STAT3 in psoriasis.

scholarly journals AROMA TERAPI LAVENDER TERHADAP KECEMASAN PASIEN PRA OPERASI KATARAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Elisa Anderson ◽  
Juwyensi A. Taareluan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Surgery is a medical procedure that can trigger anxiety, lavender aromatherapy is one alternative intervention that can be done to overcome this anxiety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of lavender aroma therapy on the anxiety of pre cataract surgery patients. The research method used was quasi experimental pre and post test with control group design. This study was conducted on 30 respondents selected through consecutive sampling technique and divided into two groups, namely 15 people in the control group and 15 people in the treatment group. The results of this study showed that through the Wilcoxon test found p=0.008, there was a significant effect of lavender aromatherapy on anxiety in the treatment group. In the Mann Whitney test found p=0.006, there was a significant difference in the effect of lavender aromatherapy on anxiety in the treatment and control groups. Thus, there is a significant effect of the lavender aromatherapy on the anxiety of pre-cataract surgery patients. Nurses can provide aromas of lavender therapy to reduce the anxiety of preoperative patients so that the surgical procedure can work well.

scholarly journals Default sequence of Mozart’s compositions during pregnancy gave higher dendritic density in the cerebrum and cerebellum of Rattus norvegicus offsprings compared with reversed sequence and control

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Harry Mangasi Binsar Panjaitan ◽  
Hermanto Tri Joewono ◽  
Widjiati Widjiati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Objectives: This study aim to determine sequence of Mozart songs in the analyzing differences in dendritic density of cerebellum and cerebellum of new born Rattus novergicusMaterials and Methods: Experimental study randomized post test only control group design using Rattus norvegicus. Animal subjects were divided into three groups which were control group, and the treatment group that were given exposure to default sequence and reversed sequence of Mozart's music from gestation day 10. We used a comparison test in the analysis expression of BDNF.Results: In the cerebrum there was a significant difference in the Mozart group in reverse rather than with Mozart standard sequence and in standard Mozart group with no exposure group, with p=0.003 and p=0.000. In the cerebellum there was a significant difference in the group in reverse rather than with standard Mozart and in the standard Mozart group with the control group, with p=0.000 and p=0.000. However, there was no significant difference between control group and Mozart group upside down in cerebrum and cerebellum with p=0.109 and p=0.077Conclusion: The density of dendrites in the cerebrum and cerebellum of Rattus norvegicus newborn exposed to Mozart's music during pregnancy with standard Mozart sequence was higher than that in those receiving reverse order and without exposure. There were no significant differences between the density of the cerebrum and cerebellum dendrites between groups exposed to reversed sequence of Mozart composition and those without exposure.

scholarly journals Positive correlation between cognitive impairment and renal microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: a multicenter retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 5040-5051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Li ◽  
Jiamin Pan ◽  
Bohan Li ◽  
Huiyu Tian ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pearson Correlation Analysis ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Objective This study was performed to explore the correlation between cognitive impairment and renal microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) by detecting changes in cognitive function and cerebral metabolism in these patients with different stages of T2DN. Methods Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed from 2006 to 2017. Blood biochemical indexes and the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were measured in all participants. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Cognitive impairment was the primary endpoint. Renal microangiopathy was the secondary endpoint. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess correlations. Results Two hundred sixteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups according to their UAER: T2DM without nephropathy (n=72), early T2DM with nephropathy (n=74), and the clinical stage of early T2DM with nephropathy (n=70). Healthy participants were selected as the normal control group (n=70). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the total MMSE and MoCA score was negatively correlated with the UAER (r=−0.327) and positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=0.428) in patients with T2DN. Conclusions The present study showed a positive correlation between cognitive impairment and renal microangiopathy in patients with T2DN.

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