scholarly journals Convulsions in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moti Iflah ◽  
Eias Kassem ◽  
Uri Rubinstein ◽  
Sophy Goren ◽  
Moshe Ephros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

AbstractThe study aim was to examine possible correlates of convulsions in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Data collected in a prospective study of AGE hospitalizations in children aged 0–59 months in 3 hospitals in Israel during 2008–2015 were analyzed. Stool samples were tested for rotavirus using immunochromatography and stool culture was performed for the detection of Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter We compared clinical and demographic characteristics of children hospitalized for AGE who had convulsions (n = 68, cases) with children hospitalized for AGE without convulsions (n = 3505, controls). Age differed between children with and without convulsions (p = 0.005); the former were mostly toddlers aged 12–23 months (51%) compared to 30% of the control group. A higher percentage of cases tested positive for Shigella (11% vs. 4%, p = 0.002), the opposite was found for rotavirus (2% vs. 30% p < 0.001). A multivariable model showed that body temperature (OR 2.91 [95% CI 1.78–4.76], p < 0.001) and high blood glucose level (> 120 mg/dL) (OR 5.71 [95% CI 1.27–25.58] p = 0.023) were positively related to convulsions in children with AGE, while severe AGE (Vesikari score ≥ 11) was inversely related with convulsions (OR 0.09 [95% CI 0.03–0.24], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated body temperature is associated with convulsions in children with AGE, but not severity of AGE, while hyperglycemia might reflect a neuroendocrine stress reaction to convulsions, AGE or both.

scholarly journals Per-operative Advantages of Transanal Endorectal Pull Through (TERPT) Over Swenson’s Procedure in the Surgical Treatment of Rectosigmoid Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD)

1970 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Abu Saleh Md Waliullah ◽  
Shoheli Alam ◽  
MA Aziz ◽  
AR Khan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Transfusion Requirement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Operative Duration ◽  
Transfusion Requirements ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pull Through ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: Popular Swenson's pull through (1948) is still the most commonly practiced 'Gold Standard' of operative treatment for rectosigmoid hirschsprung's disease (HD). But minimally invasive transanal endorectal pull through (TERPT) is now being increasingly practiced worldwide for its treatment in many centers. Here we are describing our comparative experience between TERPT and Swenson's pull through, at Dhaka Shishu Hospital to show the per-operative advantages of the former over the latter. Materials and methods: It is a prospective study at Dhaka Shishu Hospital during January 2000 to December 2001 in 32 (age, body weight and resected Rectosigmoid length matched) biopsy confirmed patients of HD divided into two Groups: Gr. A (na = 16) and Gr. B (nb = 16) patients who underwent TERPT and Swenson's pull through respectively. Unpaired 't' and χ2 (with Yate's correction) tests were used for statistical analysis whereas operative duration, volume of blood loss and transfusion requirements were used as parameters of the study. Results: For study Group A (TERPT) - operative time, volume of blood loss and transfusion requirement were significantly lesser (P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively) than the control Group B (Swenson's procedure). Conclusions: Through this small comparative study, TERPT was found to be more advantageous than the Swenson's pull through procedure in terms of operative duration, blood loss and transfusion requirement. Key words: TERPT; Swenson's; Compare. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v31i1.6068 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2007; Vol.31(1-3): 12-15

Hearing loss after neurosurgery. The influence of low cerebrospinal fluid pressure

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Walsted ◽  
Ole Amtoft Nielsen ◽  
Peter Borum
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Loss Of Hearing

AbstractA prospective study was performed to investigate the effect of neurosurgery on hearing. Thirty-two patients underwent neurosurgery while 32 patients who had surgical procedures not involving puncture or drainage of the subdural space, served as a control group. In the neurosurgical group, a significant loss of hearing was observed in the immediate post-operative period, with recovery over one week. No average threshold shift was observed in the control group. It is suggested that following neurosurgery the mechanism of hearing loss results directly from a decrease in pressure and/or volume of the cerebrospinal fluid, which is reflected within the perilymphatic fluid, comparable to a transitory endolymphatic hydrops.

scholarly journals Effect of Antenatal Anaemia of the Mother on the Volume of the Placenta

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Mahamuda Begum ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Shamim Ara ◽  
Gul Newaz Begum
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

In pregnancy, anaemia has a tremendous effect on the placenta. Maternal anaemia increases the volume of the placenta. Foetal hypoxaemia usually develops as a consequence of maternal anaemia, due to lower haemoglobin concentration, and stimulates placental growth. A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Maternal and Child Health Training Institute (widely known as Azimpur Maternity), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2005 to June 2006 on 60 Bangladeshi women who were within 35-40 weeks of gestation. Among them, 20 had normal uncomplicated pregnancies (considered as control group or group A) and another 27 had pregnancies with mild anaemia (considered as group B1) and 13 had pregnancies with moderate anaemia (considered as group B2). Severe anaemic (considered as group B3) mother was not found during the period of collection of data for this study. The mothers were selected as who were suffering from antenatal anaemia i.e. having heamoglobin level <10 gm/dl (mild, if <10 gm/dl; moderate, if <8 gm/dl; and severe, if <6 gm/dl) and control i.e. having heamoglobin level ≥10 gm/dl. The placentae of the mothers were collected after delivery and their volume were measured by water displacement method and recorded. The present study showed that mean volume of placenta in group A, group B1 and group B2 were 444.00±38.37, 472.59±17.34 and 485.38±24.62 ml respectively. The difference between group A & B1, and A & B2 were found statistically significant. The volume of the placenta was found to increase with ascending grade of antenatal naemia of mothers in comparison to that of normal pregnancy. Key Words: Antenatal Anaemia; Maternal Anaemia; Volume of Placenta DOI: 10.3329/akmmcj.v2i1.7467 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 2011; 2(1): 22-25

scholarly journals Predicting schizophrenia: findings from the Edinburgh High-Risk Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Johnstone ◽  
Klaus P. Ebmeier ◽  
Patrick Miller ◽  
David G. C. Owens ◽  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Prospective Study

BackgroundThe hypothesis that schizophrenia is neurodevelopmental was investigated in a prospective study of young people with a postulated 10–15% risk for the development of schizophrenia.AimsTo determine premorbid variables distinguishing high-risk people who will go on to develop schizophrenia from those who will not.MethodA high-risk sample of 163 young adults with two relatives with schizophrenia was recruited. They and 36 controls were serially examined. Baseline measures were compared between those who did develop schizophrenia, a well control group, a well high-risk group and high-risk participants with partial or isolated psychotic symptoms.ResultsOf those at high risk, 20 developed schizophrenia within 2½ years. More experienced isolated or partial psychotic symptoms. Those who developed schizophrenia differed from those who did not on social anxiety, withdrawal and other schizotypal features. The whole high-risk sample differed from the control group on developmental and neuropsychological variables.ConclusionsThe genetic component of schizophrenia affects many more individuals than will develop the illness, and partial impairment can be found in them. Highly significant predictors of the development of schizophrenia are detectable years before onset.

Quantitative Radio-Isotope Scanning of the Sacroiliac Joints in Ankylosing Spondylitis

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ø. Skaar ◽  
K. Dale ◽  
M. W. Lindegaard ◽  
O. Førre ◽  
E. Kåss
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Radioisotope Scanning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Static Part ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Radiographic Changes

A method for applying 99mTc-MDP for dynamic and static quantitative radioisotope scanning (QRS) of the sacroiliac joints (SI) in early progressive sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is described. In a prospective study, 2 groups of male AS patients were investigated, one with increased elevated erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR) (group A, n = 7) and one with normal ESR (group B, n = 8). In both groups an increased uptake of the radiotracer was found in the static part of the study versus a control group C (n = 9). An increased uptake versus group C was also found for group A in the dynamic part of the study (p = 0.01) while there was no significant difference dynamically between groups B and C. The results of the dynamic study in group A indicate ESR to be a parameter of inflammatory activity in the SI joints. The study also seems to indicate QRS to be a valuable diagnostic method in early AS without definite radiographic changes in the SI joints.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Seven Commercial Assays for Rapid Detection of Group A Rotavirus Antigens

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 3670-3673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Kaplon ◽  
Céline Fremy ◽  
Sylvie Pillet ◽  
Lucile Mendes Martins ◽  
Katia Ambert-Balay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Human Stool

Seven commercial immunochromatographic assays intended for the detection of group A rotavirus antigens in human stool samples were evaluated. These assays showed similar levels of diagnostic accuracy and were suitable for the detection of rotavirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis but missed some asymptomatic rotavirus shedding identified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR.

scholarly journals Co-Infection by Waterborne Enteric Viruses in Children with Gastroenteritis in Nepal

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmila Tandukar ◽  
Jeevan Sherchand ◽  
Surendra Karki ◽  
Bikash Malla ◽  
Rajani Ghaju Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

Enteric viruses are highly contagious and a major cause of waterborne gastroenteritis in children younger than five years of age in developing world. This study examined the prevalence of enteric virus infection in children with gastroenteritis to identify risk factors for co-infections. In total, 107 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis along with samples of their household drinking water and other possible contamination sources, such as food and hand. The presence of major gastroenteritis-causing enteric virus species (group A rotaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses of genogroup I) in stool and water samples was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among the 107 stool samples tested, 103 (96%) samples contained at least one of the four tested enteric viruses, and the combination of group A rotaviruses and enteroviruses was the most common co-infection (52%, n = 54/103). At least one viral agent was detected in 16 (16%) of 103 drinking water samples. Identical enteric viruses were detected in both the stool and water samples taken from the same patients in 13% of cases (n = 13/103). Group A rotaviruses were most frequently found in children suffering from acute diarrhea. No socio-demographic and clinical factors were associated with the risk of co-infection compared with mono-infection. These less commonly diagnosed viral etiological agents in hospitals are highly prevalent in patients with acute gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Viruses in acute gastroenteritis in children in Pune, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bright Singh ◽  
M. A. Sreenivasan ◽  
Khorshed M. Pavri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYA 2-year study from January 1981 to December 1982 was undertaken to determine the role of viruses in the causation of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in Pune, Maharashtra State, India. The stool samples of 426 children (213 diarrhoeal and 213 non-diarrhoeal controls) were investigated by electron microscopy and ELISA for the presence of viruses. Six morphologically distinct viruses were visualized: rotavirus, coronavirus-like particles (CVLP), adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus and small round virus-like particles (SRV). Rotavirus was detected in 28·6% of the diarrhoea! patients and in 1·4 % of the controls. The frequency of infection with rotavirus was highest in the children aged less than 5 years. The mean age of rotavirus-positive patients was 11 months. Although rotavirus was detected in almost every month, there has a seasonal trend for colder months when CVLP cases were fewest. However, the prevalence of CVLP was greater in the control group (23–0%) rather than in those with diarrhoea (8–9%). In the control group, CVLP were detected more frequently during the summer months. An inverse relationship between CVLP and rotavirus was observed in children. Adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus and SRV were detected in a small proportion of children with and without clinical symptoms of gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Point-of-care diagnosis and risk factors of infantile, rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in Calabar, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel E. Nnukwu ◽  
Simon J. Utsalo ◽  
Olufunmilayo G. Oyero ◽  
Michel Ntemgwa ◽  
James A. Ayukekbong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Extraction Buffer ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Test Cassette

Background: Rotaviruses are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide and a significant proportion of these infections occur in Africa.Objectives: In the present study, we determined the prevalence and risk factors of rotavirus infection among children younger than age 5 years with or without diarrhoea in Calabar, Nigeria, using a rapid point-of-care test.Methods: Two hundred infants younger than age 5 years presenting with acute gastroenteritis and a control group of 200 infants without diarrhoea were tested for rotavirus. Each stool sample was homogenised in an extraction buffer and the supernatant added into the sample well of the Rida Quick rotavirus test cassette and allowed to run for 5 minutes at room temperature. When both the control band and test band were visible on the test cassette a positive result was recorded, whereas when only the control band was visible a negative results was recorded.Results: Rotavirus was detected in 25 (12.5%) of children with diarrhoea and in no children without diarrhoea. Our results demonstrated that children who were exclusively breast-fed by their mothers were not infected with rotavirus and that 92% of the infants infected with rotavirus experienced vomiting.Conclusion: These data demonstrate that asymptomatic rotavirus infection is rare and that rotavirus is commonly detected in stool samples of children suffering from diarrhoea with concomitant vomiting. Use of point-of-care rotavirus tests will enhance early diagnosis of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea and reduce irrational use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Group A Rotavirus Diarrhea among Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis in Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e338-e349
Author(s):  
Michael Oluyemi Babalola ◽  
David Olufemi Olaleye ◽  
Georgina Njideka Odaibo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Stool Samples

AbstractGlobally, infective group A rotavirus (RVA) enteric infection in children culminates in acute diarrheal disease, severe dehydration, and mortality in children under the age of 5 years, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This research sought to determine the prevalence of RVA diarrhea among children aged below 5 years in Ondo state, as one of the necessary frameworks before instituting a vaccine campaign, and to expand knowledge on the epidemiology of RVA diarrhea in Nigeria.In a cross-sectional descriptive study between October 2012 and September 2014, convenience sampling was adopted to obtain demographic information, clinical details, and stool samples from accented under five children who sought treatment for acute gastroenteritis at designated hospitals in Akure and Owo, Nigeria. A total of 390 stool samples were collected from children with acute diarrhea and tested for VP6 RVA antigen using enzyme immunoassay. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square at α 0.05.From the 390 children hospitalized for diarrhea, 240 samples (240/390; 61.5%) were from males, while 150 samples (150/390; 38.5%) were from females, representing a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. RVAs were found in 24.2% (58/240) males and 28% (42/150) females, giving a male-female ratio of 1:1.2 and total prevalence of 25.6% (100/390). RVA infection was inversely proportional to the age as a rate of 11.8% was observed in children aged above 36 months and 31.8% (35/110) in children 7 to 12 months, while the highest rate (45.7%) was among children ≤ 6 months old. No significant difference was found (chi-square = 0.712) in the induction of diarrhea in children from Akure and Owo, neither was there any significant difference in the rates of infection between the boys and girls in Akure (chi-square = 0.576) nor in Owo (chi-square = 0.333). Seasonal association (chi-square = 5.802) in RVA infection was observed in the rainy season of year 2013/2014 period.RVA diarrhea occurred year-round at a prevalence of 25.6%, predominantly in females. A seasonal fluctuation was observed in the rainy and dry seasons of the 2-year period. RVA diarrhea occurred predominantly in children aged below 18 months of age, and may thus help in determining the optimal period/schedule of any immunization program.

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