scholarly journals Validity of the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis and incidence trends in Sweden: a nationwide register study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Indremo ◽  
Richard White ◽  
Thomas Frisell ◽  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
Alkistis Skalkidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nationwide Register Study

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR), to discuss different register-based definitions of GD and to investigate incidence trends. We collected data on all individuals with registered GD diagnoses between 2001 and 2016 as well as data on the coverage in the NPR. We regarded gender confirming medical intervention (GCMI) as one proxy for a clinically valid diagnosis and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for receiving GCMI for increasing number of registered GD diagnoses. We assessed crude and coverage-adjusted time trends of GD during 2004–2015 with a Poisson regression, using assigned sex and age as interaction terms. The PPV for receiving GCMI was 68% for ≥ 1 and 79% for ≥ 4 GD-diagnoses. The incidence of GD was on average 35% higher with the definition of ≥ 1 compared to the definition of ≥ 4 diagnoses. The incidence of GD, defined as ≥ 4 diagnoses increased significantly during the study period and mostly in the age categories 10–17 and 18–30 years, even after adjusting for register coverage. We concluded that the validity of a single ICD code denoting clinical GD in the Swedish NPR can be questioned. For future research, we propose to carefully weight the advantages and disadvantages of different register-based definitions according to the individual study’s needs, the time periods involved and the age-groups under study.

Digital competences of the workforce – a research topic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Murawski ◽  
Markus Bick
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Considering working in the digital age, questions on the consequences for the individual workers are, so far, often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the question of whether the digital competences of the workforce is a research topic. The authors argue for the thesis that it is indeed a research topic. Design/methodology/approach In addition to a literature analysis of the top IS, HR, and learning publications, non-scientific sources, as well as the opinions of the authors, are included. The authors’ thesis is challenged through a debate of corresponding pros and cons. Findings The definition of digital competences lacks scientific depth. Focussing on the workforce is valid, as a “lifelong” perspective is not mandatory for research. Digital competence research is a multidisciplinary task to which the IS field can make a valuable contribution. Research limitations/implications Although relevant references are included, some aspects are mainly driven by the opinions of the authors. The theoretical implications encompass a call for a scientific definition of digital competences. Furthermore, scholars should focus on the competences of the workforce, including occupations, roles, or industries. The authors conclude by providing a first proposal of a research agenda. Practical implications The practical implications include the alignment of multiple stakeholders for the design of “digital” curricula and the integration by HR departments of the construct of digital competences, e.g. for compensation matters and job requirements. Originality/value This paper is one of very few contributions in the area of the digital competences of the workforce, and it presents a starting point for future research activities.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF MANIFESTATION OF SUPERSTITION AND VIEWS ON THE NATURE OF SUPERSTITION AT DIFFERENT AGE STAGES

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
N. P. Andryushkova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Psychological Property ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second Period

The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of superstition as a psychological property of the individual. The current research is based on various studies aimed at establishing the reasons that encourage people to appeal to superstitions, and features the main motives for using superstitious and rituals in everyday life. The initial stage of superstition formation has been analyzed. A thorough study on the transformation of superstitiousness at different age stages together with the analysis of its causes involved 300 respondents aged 19 – 60 that were divided into three age groups – the young, the first period maturity and the second period maturity. The author has compared the views on the nature and definition of superstitions, the characteristics of various superstitious ritual activities in different age groups, analyzed the level of expression of average superstition and its individual components in each age group.

scholarly journals A Practice-Inspired Mindset for Researching the Psychophysiological and Medical Health Effects of Recreational Dance (Dance Sport)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia F. Christensen ◽  
Meghedi Vartanian ◽  
Luisa Sancho-Escanero ◽  
Shahrzad Khorsandi ◽  
S. H. N. Yazdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Medical Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

“Dance” has been associated with many psychophysiological and medical health effects. However, varying definitions of what constitute “dance” have led to a rather heterogenous body of evidence about such potential effects, leaving the picture piecemeal at best. It remains unclear what exact parameters may be driving positive effects. We believe that this heterogeneity of evidence is partly due to a lack of a clear definition of dance for such empirical purposes. A differentiation is needed between (a) the effects on the individual when the activity of “dancing” is enjoyed as a dancer within different dance domains (e.g., professional/”high-art” type of dance, erotic dance, religious dance, club dancing, Dance Movement Therapy (DMT), and what is commonly known as hobby, recreational or social dance), and (b) the effects on the individual within these different domains, as a dancer of the different dance styles (solo dance, partnering dance, group dance; and all the different styles within these). Another separate category of dance engagement is, not as a dancer, but as a spectator of all of the above. “Watching dance” as part of an audience has its own set of psychophysiological and neurocognitive effects on the individual, and depends on the context where dance is witnessed. With the help of dance professionals, we first outline some different dance domains and dance styles, and outline aspects that differentiate them, and that may, therefore, cause differential empirical findings when compared regardless (e.g., amount of interpersonal contact, physical exertion, context, cognitive demand, type of movements, complexity of technique and ratio of choreography/improvisation). Then, we outline commonalities between all dance styles. We identify six basic components that are part of any dance practice, as part of a continuum, and review and discuss available research for each of them concerning the possible health and wellbeing effects of each of these components, and how they may relate to the psychophysiological and health effects that are reported for “dancing”: (1) rhythm and music, (2) sociality, (3) technique and fitness, (4) connection and connectedness (self-intimation), (5) flow and mindfulness, (6) aesthetic emotions and imagination. Future research efforts might take into account the important differences between types of dance activities, as well as the six components, for a more targeted assessment of how “dancing” affects the human body.

THE VALUE OF FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY IN IMPROVING TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL TRAINING IN WOMEN’S BOXING

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Vorontsov A.I.
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

У статті розглянуто значення функціональної асиметрії та рівень впливу на побудову спеціальних рухів, які знадобляться під час навчання складно координаційних вправ та у процесі вдосконален-ня технічної та тактичної підготовки з боксу у індивідів жіночої статі. Особливо це буде актуально у молодших вікових групах жіночого боксу – дівчат та юніорок. Мета дослідження – вивчення впливу функціональної асиметрії в боксі. Матеріал і методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз спеціальної та наукової літератури, узагальнення даних, матеріал Інтернету. Результати дослідження. Виявлено декілька видів функціональної асиметрії; нестачу літературних джерел з боксу, в яких освітлюється функціональна асиметрія в тренуванні жіночої статі, вплив функціональної асиметрії на розвиток та домінування певних фізичних якостей, особливі методичні підходи з метою усунення асиметрії, зміна функціональної асиметрії з віком та спортивним стажем, підвищення варіативних дій під час стресових ситуацій. Наголошено недоцільність визначення асиметрії тільки за домінуючою кінцівкою, а за допомогою інтегрального підходу до визначення провідних кінцівок (рука, нога) та сенсорними системами (око, вухо), що формує індивідуальний профіль асиметрії. Вплив індивідуального профі-лю асиметрії на засвоювання, вдосконалення технічних і тактичних навчальних вправ у видах спорту. Наведені приклади з різних видів спорту та спортивних єдиноборств про значення функціональної аси-метрії та її психологічний вплив на особливості підготовки. Визначені оптимальні тести для виявлення індивідуального профілю асиметрії, які доступні для проведення в зручних умовах. Визначено, що дані досліджень з функціональної асиметрії, наведені провідними вченими, будуть у нагоді для вдоскона-лення техніко-тактичної підготовки в жіночому боксі. Висновки. Перед початком вдосконалювання техніко-тактичної підготовки слід визначити індивідуальний профіль асиметрії жінки-боксера. Загаль-ні тести для визначення асиметрії слід з’єднати зі спеціальними боксерськими вправами. За результа-тами тестів слід розробити індивідуальну модель тренування для кожного індивіда на основі його ІПА, починаючи із самої молодшої вікової групи жіночого боксу –дівчат та юніорок. The article deals with the importance of functional asymmetry and the level of its influence on the construction of special movements, which will be needed during the training of complicated coordination exercises and in the process of improving the technical and tactical training in boxing in female individuals. This will be especially true for the younger age groups of women’s boxing – girls and juniors. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of functional asymmetry in boxing. Material and methods of research:theoretical analysis of special and scientific literature, generalization of materials of the Internet. Research results. Identified: several types of functional asymmetry, lack of literary sources in boxing, which highlights the functional asymmetry in the training of women, influence of functional asymmetry to the development and dominance of certain physical qualities, special methodological approaches to eliminate asymmetry, changing functional asymmetry according to the age and sports experience, increasing variable actions during stressful situations. The inexpediency of determining the asymmetry only by the dominant limb, and using an integrated approach to the definition of the leading: limbs (arm, leg) and sensory systems (eye, ear), which forms an individual profile of asymmetry. It is revealed the influence of individual asymmetry profile on the development and improvement of technical and tactical training exercises in different sports. It is given the examples of different sports and martial arts, which emphasize the importance of functional asymmetry and its psychological impact to the features of training. It has been defined the optimal tests to identify individual asymmetry profiles that are available for use in convenient conditions. It is established that the data of studies on functional asymmetry given by leading scientists can be used to improve technical and tactical training in women’s boxing. Conclusions. Before starting to improve the technical and tactical training, the individual profile of the asymmetry of the female boxer should be determined. General tests for determining asymmetry should be coupled with special boxing exercises. According to the results of the tests, it is important to develop an individual training model for each individual based on her IPA, starting with the youngest age group of women’s boxing – girls and juniors.

scholarly journals Role Ambiguity in Sport Teams

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Eys ◽  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
Mark R. Beauchamp ◽  
Steven R. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The general purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of role ambiguity in sport teams and to explore the construct validity of the operational definition of role ambiguity developed by Beauchamp, Bray, Eys, and Carron (2002). Role ambiguity was operationalized as a multidimensional construct (Scope of Responsibilities, Behavioral Responsibilities, Evaluation of Performance, and Consequences of Not Fulfilling Responsibilities) that occurs in two contexts, offense and defense. Consistent with the a priori hypothesis, perceptions of role ambiguity exhibited some degree of within-group consistency and group-level variability, but most of the variance in role ambiguity was seen at the individual level. Also, perceptions of role ambiguity decreased from early to late season. Finally, veteran athletes experienced less role ambiguity than first-year athletes at the beginning of the season, but not at the end. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Corpus-Based Investigation of Idiomatic Multiword Units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lynn E Grant
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Know How ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Multiword Units ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

<p>Idioms - a type of multiword unit (MWU) - are defined as being non-compositional and in general cannot be understood by adding together the meanings of the individual words that comprise the MWU. Because of this, they present a particular challenge to students who speak English as a second- or foreign-language (ESL/EFL). As a teacher of second-language (L2) learners, it is just that challenge which has motivated this study. Specifically, there were two main aims of the thesis. In order to know how to teach idioms to ESL/EFL learners, we - as language teachers - need to know how to define and explain them. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to either find an English (L1) definition of an idiom which could clearly distinguish one type from another, and an idiom from a non-idiom, or to develop a new definition. Having not found such a definition, a new definition was put forward, dividing MWUs presently known as idioms into three new groups - core idioms, figuratives, and ONCEs (one noncompositional element). The L1 perspective was adopted for the definition as an L2 perspective would involve considerably more variables. The second aim was to develop a comprehensive list of one of the three new groups - core idioms - and then try to establish frequency, using a corpus search. A number of steps were taken to compile this list, involving an examination of several sources of written and spoken English. The result was that when the criteria established to define a core idiom - being both non-compositional and non-figurative - were strictly applied to the large collection of MWUs presently known as 'idioms', the figure was reduced to only 104 MWUs deemed to be either core idioms or 'borderline figuratives' and 'borderline ONCEs'. Next the British National Corpus (BNC), a corpus of 100 million words, was searched for occurrences of these 104 core idioms and borderlines to establish their frequency. The result of the corpus search showed that none of the core idioms occurs frequently enough to get into the most frequent 5,000 words of English. However, as the motivation to do the study was the desire to find a better way to teach idiomatic MWUs, a brief discussion followed with suggestions for the teaching and learning of these idiomatic MWUs. Finally, some methodological implications and suggestions for future research were put forward, looking at further research which would advance the field of second-language acquisition (SLA) related to the learning of idiomatic MWUs.</p>

scholarly journals A literature review of personalization transparency and control: Introducing the Transparency-Awareness-Control Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Segijn ◽  
Joanna Strycharz ◽  
Amy Riegelman ◽  
Cody Hennesy
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Paradigm ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

<p>Through various online activities, individuals produce large amounts of data that are collected by companies for the purpose of providing users with personalized communication. In the light of this mass collection of personal data, the transparency and control paradigm for personalized communication has led to increased attention of legislators and academics. However, in the scientific literature no clear definition of personalization transparency and control exists, which could lead to reliability and validity issues, impeding knowledge accumulation in academic research. In a literature review, we analyzed 31 articles and we observed that 1) no clear definitions of personalization transparency or control exist, 2) they are used interchangeably in the literature, 3) collection, processing, and sharing of data are the three objects of transparency and control, and 4) increased transparency does not automatically increase control because first awareness needs to be raised in the individual. Also, the relationship between awareness and control depends on the ability and the desire to control. This study contributes to the field of algorithmic communication by creating a common understanding of the transparency and control paradigm and thus improves validity of the results. Further, it progresses research on the issue by synthesizing existing studies on the topic, presenting the Transparency-Awareness-Control framework, and formulating propositions to guide future research.</p>

scholarly journals Haptic Foot Pedal: Influence of Shoe Type, Age, and Gender on Subjective Pulse Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Geitner ◽  
Stewart Birrell ◽  
Claudia Krehl ◽  
Paul Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
User Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Force Amplitude ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Objective: This study investigates the influence of shoe type (sneakers and safety boots), age, and gender on the perception of haptic pulse feedback provided by a prototype accelerator pedal in a running stationary vehicle. Background: Haptic feedback can be a less distracting alternative to traditionally visual and auditory in-vehicle feedback. However, to be effective, the device delivering the haptic feedback needs to be in contact with the person. Factors such as shoe type vary naturally over the season and could render feedback that is perceived well in one situation, unnoticeable in another. In this study, we evaluate factors that can influence the subjective perception of haptic feedback in a stationary but running car: shoe type, age, and gender. Method: Thirty-six drivers within three age groups (≤39, 40–59, and ≥60) took part. For each haptic feedback, participants rated intensity, urgency, and comfort via a questionnaire. Results: The perception of the haptic feedback is significantly influenced by the interaction between the pulse’s duration and force amplitude and the participant’s age and gender but not shoe type. Conclusion: The results indicate that it is important to consider different age groups and gender in the evaluation of haptic feedback. Future research might also look into approaches to adapt haptic feedback to the individual driver’s preferences. Application: Findings from this study can be applied to the design of an accelerator pedal in a car, for example, for a nonvisual in-vehicle warning, but also to plan user studies with a haptic pedal in general.

A Proposed Taxonomy for Physical Prototypes: Structure and Validation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Hannah ◽  
Ashwin Michaelraj ◽  
Joshua D. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Individual

This paper introduces a taxonomy of physical prototypes, benchmarking it with existing classifications to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages. The proffered taxonomy is evaluated by three approaches: (i) checking the orthogonality of the individual elements of the taxonomy, (ii) benchmarking the proposed taxonomy with existing classifications of prototypes, and (iii) demonstrating its utility by applying it to classify different prototypes. The results show the proposed taxonomy is capable of distinguishing prototypes with greater precision than what is possible with current classifications. Further, the proposed classification is generally orthogonal, allowing for more consistent delineation between prototypes. However, the findings also reveal that some of the taxa are interdependent; exploring these interdependencies to develop a deeper understanding of how prototyping influences design thinking is the focus of future research.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Trajectory of Loneliness and the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Oldest-Old Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1029-1029
Author(s):  
Jinmyoung Cho ◽  
Shinae Choi ◽  
Gelareh Rahimighazikalayeh ◽  
Peter Martin ◽  
Melinda Heinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Loneliness is significantly associated with health and well-being among oldest-old adults. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19, physical and social distancing policies might elevate loneliness among the oldest-old population. This study examined the trends and changes in the prevalence of feeling lonely using the 2020 HRS COVID-19 module merged to the 15 waves of the HRS RAND longitudinal datasets from 1992 to 2018. A total of 14,371 respondents, including 614 respondents aged 80 years and older were included. Generalized linear models compared age group differences within the 2020 module. Generalized estimating equations assessed the longitudinal change at the individual level and the trend of feeling loneliness among oldest-old adults from 1992 to 2020. Loneliness was assessed with one item of the CES-D scale (i.e., during the past week, felt lonely). After adjusting for demographic characteristics and health, the results showed that oldest-old adults were more likely to feel lonely compared to younger age groups (18% for 80’s vs. 14% for 50’s) during the early months of the pandemic. A longitudinal trajectory also showed that they feel lonelier than in prior years (19% in 2020 vs. 14% in 2018). However, compared to same-age groups from earlier years, a significantly lower prevalence of feeling lonely was observed (18% in 2020 vs. 27% in 1994). The results show that the outbreak of the COVID-19 may elevate feeling lonely, but the recent cohorts be less lonely than earlier cohorts. Future research should continue to explore protective factors for loneliness among oldest-old adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document