Analysis of weighted gene co-expression network of triterpenoid-related transcriptome characteristics from different strains of Wolfiporia cocos

AbstractThe fungus Wolfiporia cocos has wide-ranging and important medicinal value, and its dried sclerotia are used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Modern studies have shown that triterpenoid, the active ingredient of W. cocos, have a variety of pharmacological effects. The aim of our research was to determine the key genes related to triterpenoid biosynthesis, which may be useful for the genetic modification of cell-engineered bacteria for triterpenoid biosynthesis. In this study, two monospore strains, DZAC-WP-H-29 (high-yielding) and DZAC-WP-L-123 (low-yielding), were selected from the sexually propagated offspring of strain 5.78 of W. cocos, and the mycelia were cultured for 17, 34, and 51 days, respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to analyze transcriptional expressions. The results show that eight core genes (ACAT1-b, hgsA, mvd1, SQLE, erg6, TAT, erg26, and erg11) are associated with the triterpenoid synthesis pathway, and Pm20d2 and norA outside the pathway may be important genes that influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of W. cocos triterpenoid. The biosynthesis of W. cocos triterpenoid is closely related to the expression of sterol metabolic pathway genes. The role of these genes in triterpenoid synthesis complements our knowledge on the biosynthesis and accumulation of W. cocos triterpenoid, and also provides a reference for the target gene modification of engineered bacteria for the fermentation production of triterpenoid.

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Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pharmacological Effects of Natural Products

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/2682748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chuyue Pan ◽

Qinglong Guo ◽

Na Lu

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Mucosal Immunology ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Microbial Metabolites ◽

Junction Structure ◽

Insight Into

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicine, such as ginseng, berberine, and curcumin, possess a wide variety of biological activities on gut microbiota, which may cause changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites, intestinal tight junction structure, and mucosal immunology. These changes will eventually result in the exertion of the pharmacological effects by treatment with these natural products. In this review, we will discuss how gut microbiota is influenced by commonly used natural products. Furthermore, our findings are expected to provide novel insight into how these untargeted natural products function via gut microbiota.

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Giving Full Play to Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Rehabilitation of Diseases

Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1329.2018.02001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Lidian CHEN

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Monitoring the marine environment for small round structured viruses (SRSVS): a new approach to combating the transmission of these viruses by molluscan shellfish

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0498 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. Henshilwood ◽

J. Green ◽

D. N. Lees

Keyword(s):

Enteric Virus ◽

Winter Period ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Cloning And Sequencing ◽

New Approach ◽

Human Enteric Virus ◽

Different Strains ◽

The Uk ◽

Public Health Protection

This study investigates human enteric virus contamination of a shellfish harvesting area. Samples were analysed over a 14-month period for Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) using a previously developed nested RT-PCR. A clear seasonal difference was observed with the largest numbers of positive samples obtained during the winter period (October to March). This data concurs with the known winter association of gastroenteric illness due to oyster consumption in the UK and also with the majority of the outbreaks associated with shellfish harvested from this area during the study period. RT-PCR positive amplicons were further characterised by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the positive samples identified eleven SRSV strains, of both Genogroup I and Genogroup II, occurring throughout the study period. Many shellfish samples contained a mixture of strains with a few samples containing up to three different strains with both Genogroups represented. The observed common occurrence of strain mixtures may have implications for the role of shellfish as a vector for dissemination of SRSV strains. These results show that nested RT-PCR can identify SRSV contamination in shellfish harvesting areas. Virus monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas by specialist laboratories using RT-PCR is a possible approach to combating the transmission of SRSVs by molluscan shellfish and could potentially offer significantly enhanced levels of public health protection.

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CHOP-Dependent Stress-Inducible Expression of a Novel Form of Carbonic Anhydrase VI

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.19.1.495 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 495-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

John Sok ◽

Xiao-Zhong Wang ◽

Nikoleta Batchvarova ◽

Masahiko Kuroda ◽

Heather Harding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonic Anhydrase ◽

Target Gene ◽

Target Genes ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Nuclear Protein ◽

Intracellular Form ◽

Carbonic Anhydrase Vi ◽

Responsive Element

ABSTRACT CHOP (also called GADD153) is a stress-inducible nuclear protein that dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors and was initially identified as an inhibitor of C/EBP binding to classic C/EBP target genes. Subsequent experiments suggested a role for CHOP-C/EBP heterodimers in positively regulating gene expression; however, direct evidence that this is the case has so far not been uncovered. Here we describe the identification of a positively regulated direct CHOP-C/EBP target gene, that encoding murine carbonic anhydrase VI (CA-VI). The stress-inducible form of the gene is expressed from an internal promoter and encodes a novel intracellular form of what is normally a secreted protein. Stress-induced expression of CA-VI is both CHOP and C/EBPβ dependent in that it does not occur in cells deficient in either gene. A CHOP-responsive element was mapped to the inducibleCA-VI promoter, and in vitro footprinting revealed binding of CHOP-C/EBP heterodimers to that site. Rescue of CA-VIexpression in c/ebpβ−/− cells by exogenous C/EBPβ and a shorter, normally inhibitory isoform of the protein known as LIP suggests that the role of the C/EBP partner is limited to targeting the CHOP-containing heterodimer to the response element and points to a preeminent role for CHOP in CA-VI induction during stress.

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Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2020-0205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1003-1011

Author(s):

Guanyu Zhang ◽

Yiran Li ◽

Jiasheng Xu ◽

Zhenfang Xiong

Keyword(s):

Target Gene ◽

Early Stage ◽

Research Direction ◽

Research Progress ◽

Skeletal System ◽

Translation Process ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

New Research ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

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Glucocorticoid receptor wields chromatin interactions to tune transcription for cytoskeleton stabilization in podocytes

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02209-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hong Wang ◽

Aiping Duan ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Yuexian Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Histone Modification ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Target Gene ◽

Regulatory Elements ◽

Chromatin Interactions ◽

Super Enhancer

AbstractElucidating transcription mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is crucial for understanding the role of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the treatment of diseases. Podocyte is a useful model for studying GR regulation because GCs are the primary medication for podocytopathy. In this study, we integrated data from transcriptome, transcription factor binding, histone modification, and genome topology. Our data reveals that the GR binds and activates selective regulatory elements in podocyte. The 3D interactome captured by HiChIP facilitates the identification of remote targets of GR. We found that GR in podocyte is enriched at transcriptional interaction hubs and super-enhancers. We further demonstrate that the target gene of the top GR-associated super-enhancer is indispensable to the effective functioning of GC in podocyte. Our findings provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of GCs on podocyte, and demonstrate the importance of considering transcriptional interactions in order to fine-map regulatory networks of GR.

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The role of miR‐320a and its target gene GMEB1 in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and invasion of colorectal cancer

The Journal of Gene Medicine ◽

10.1002/jgm.3327 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhi Cui ◽

Qiong Sun ◽

Wenji Yan ◽

Quanli Han ◽

Guanjun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Target Gene ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Mesenchymal Transition

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Identification of Autosomal Regions Involved in Drosophila Raf Function

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/156.2.763 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 156 (2) ◽

pp. 763-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Willis Li ◽

Elizabeth Noll ◽

Norbert Perrimon

Keyword(s):

Limb Development ◽

Target Gene ◽

Biological Function ◽

Genetic Interaction ◽

Ectopic Expression ◽

Tor Signaling ◽

Downstream Effector ◽

Early Embryos ◽

Genomic Regions

Abstract Raf is an essential downstream effector of activated p21Ras (Ras) in transducing proliferation or differentiation signals. Following binding to Ras, Raf is translocated to the plasma membrane, where it is activated by a yet unidentified “Raf activator.” In an attempt to identify the Raf activator or additional molecules involved in the Raf signaling pathway, we conducted a genetic screen to identify genomic regions that are required for the biological function of Drosophila Raf (Draf). We tested a collection of chromosomal deficiencies representing ∼70% of the autosomal euchromatic genomic regions for their abilities to enhance the lethality associated with a hypomorphic viable allele of Draf, DrafSu2. Of the 148 autosomal deficiencies tested, 23 behaved as dominant enhancers of Draf Su2, causing lethality in Draf Su2 hemizygous males. Four of these deficiencies identified genes known to be involved in the Drosophila Ras/Raf (Ras1/Draf) pathway: Ras1, rolled (rl, encoding a MAPK), 14-3-3ϵ, and bowel (bowl). Two additional deficiencies removed the Drosophila Tec and Src homologs, Tec29A and Src64B. We demonstrate that Src64B interacts genetically with Draf and that an activated form of Src64B, when overexpressed in early embryos, causes ectopic expression of the Torso (Tor) receptor tyrosine kinase-target gene tailless. In addition, we show that a mutation in Tec29A partially suppresses a gain-of-function mutation in tor. These results suggest that Tec29A and Src64B are involved in Tor signaling, raising the possibility that they function to activate Draf. Finally, we discovered a genetic interaction between Draf Su2 and Df(3L)vin5 that revealed a novel role of Draf in limb development. We find that loss of Draf activity causes limb defects, including pattern duplications, consistent with a role for Draf in regulation of engrailed (en) expression in imaginal discs.

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The Multifaceted Role of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy: Leveraging Autophagy with a Double-Edged Sword

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1138

Author(s):

Zhe Zhang ◽

Jiayan Shi ◽

Edouard C. Nice ◽

Canhua Huang ◽

Zheng Shi

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Autophagy Flux ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

New Perspective ◽

New Research ◽

Cancer Activity

Flavonoids are considered as pleiotropic, safe, and readily obtainable molecules. A large number of recent studies have proposed that flavonoids have potential in the treatment of tumors by the modulation of autophagy. In many cases, flavonoids suppress cancer by stimulating excessive autophagy or impairing autophagy flux especially in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer activity of flavonoids may be attenuated due to the simultaneous induction of protective autophagy. Notably, flavonoids-triggered protective autophagy is becoming a trend for preventing cancer in the clinical setting or for protecting patients from conventional therapeutic side effects in normal tissues. In this review, focusing on the underlying autophagic mechanisms of flavonoids, we hope to provide a new perspective for clinical application of flavonoids in cancer therapy. In addition, we highlight new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of flavonoids to improve their various pharmacological effects, establishing flavonoids as ideal candidates for cancer prevention and therapy in the clinic.

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