scholarly journals Highly efficient mode-locked and Q-switched Er3+-doped fiber lasers using a gold nanorod saturable absorber

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Wen Lee ◽  
Chien-Ming Chen ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Chuang ◽  
Ching-Yi Cho ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Gold Nanorod ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Pulsed Fiber Laser

AbstractMode-locked and Q-switched pulsed fiber laser sources with wavelengths of 1.55 μm are widely used in various fields. Gold nanorods (GNRs) have been applied in biomedicine and optics owing to their biocompatibility, easy fabrication, and unique optical properties. This paper presents the analysis of a saturable absorber based on a colloidal gold nanorod (GNR) thin film for dual-function passively mode-locked and Q-switched 1.55-μm fiber lasers. The colloidal GNR thin film possesses superior properties such as a wide operating wavelength range, large nonlinear absorption coefficient, and a picosecond-order recovery time. Its modulation depth and saturation intensity at 1.55 μm are 7.8% and 6.55 MW/cm2, respectively. Passive mode-locked or Q-switched laser operation is achieved by changing the number of GNR thin-film layers. The advantages of these high-quality GNRs in mode-locked and Q-switched fiber lasers with record-high slope efficiency are verified by conducting comprehensive material and laser dynamic analyses. The self-starting mode-locked fiber laser with an efficiency as high as 24.91% and passively Q-switched fiber laser with the maximum energy of 0.403 μJ are successfully demonstrated. This paper presents the novel demonstration of reconfigurable mode-locked and Q-switched all-fiber lasers by incorporating colloidal GNR thin films.

scholarly journals A Simple and Efficient Method to Fabricate Graphene 2D Nanomaterial into a thin Film to Serve as a Saturable a bsorber for Fiber Laser Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Yousif I. Hammadi ◽  
Tahreer S. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Laser Cavity ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Polarization Insensitive ◽  
Graphene Saturable Absorber ◽  
Pulsed Fiber Laser

A passively pulsed fiber laser using saturable absorbers such as graphene has been increased dramatically in recent years. Up to now, researchers have been proposed many methods to fabricate graphene saturable absorber such as (evanescent coupling structure, electrochemical exfoliation, and mechanical exfoliation) for light pulse generation in a fiber laser. However, each of these methods has got some limitations which reduce the saturable absorber performance and restrict its range of applications. In this paper, we propose a simple but very efficient fabrication way of graphene saturable absorber by converting graphene Nano powder into a thin film using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a host material. The fabricated film can then be easily sandwiched between two fiber pigtails and inserted inside the laser cavity to form the saturable absorber. when compared with other methods, this method is much preferable because it provides saturable absorber with combat structure, maximum interaction area, reasonable insertion loss, polarization insensitive, controllable concentration, and safe to handle. The fabricated graphene saturable absorber in this paper was characterized and found to have a uniform distribution of the graphene nanomaterial in the PVA and have a modulation depth of 6.1% which make it a very promising saturable absorber for ultra-fast fiber laser demonstration.  

Carbon Nanomaterials Based Saturable Absorbers for Ultrafast Passive Mode-Locking of Fiber Lasers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-457
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsien Cheng ◽  
Gong-Ru Lin
Keyword(s):  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Saturation Intensity

This paper emphasizes on overviewing the developing progress of the state-of-the-art carbon nanomaterial-based saturable absorbers for passively mode-locked fiber lasers, including carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, graphite and other carbon nanomaterials. With reviewing the performances of these proposed candidates, the characteristic parameters required for initiating and stabilizing the passive mode-locked fiber lasers are summarized for comparison and discussion. At first, the basic characteristics such as saturation intensity and self-amplitude-modulation (SAM) coefficients of the CNT material with different-wall types are discussed in detail. In comparison, the single-wall CNT possesses optical nonlinearity better than double-wall CNT, whereas the doublewall CNT exhibits wavelength tenability and the multi-wall CNT fails to initiate mode-locking. Subsequently, different graphene saturable absorbers with slightly changing their optical properties made by various fabrication technologies are introduced to take over the role of typical CNT saturable absorber. The detailed analyses on graphene saturable absorber for developing various types of passively mode-locked fiber lasers are overviewed. At last, other new-aspect graphite and carbon nanomaterials related saturable absorbers have emerged because they reveal similar optical nonlinearity with graphene but exhibit cost-effectiveness and easy-production. When changing saturable absorber from graphene to other carbon nanomaterials, the modulation depth is decreased but the saturation intensity is concurrently enlarged because of the disordered structure with increased interlayer spacing and reduced graphene content. At the current stage, selecting carbon nanomaterials with high nonlinear absorbance and low saturated intensity for large SAM coefficient is the golden rule for passively mode-locked the fiber lasers in future academic and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Ultrafast Fiber Lasers with Low-Dimensional Saturable Absorbers: Status and Prospects

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3676
Author(s):  
Pulak Chandra Debnath ◽  
Dong-Il Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
Pulsed Fiber Laser ◽  
Low Dimensional

Wide-spectral saturable absorption (SA) in low-dimensional (LD) nanomaterials such as zero-, one-, and two-dimensional materials has been proven experimentally with outstanding results, including low saturation intensity, deep modulation depth, and fast carrier recovery time. LD nanomaterials can therefore be used as SAs for mode-locking or Q-switching to generate ultrafast fiber laser pulses with a high repetition rate and short duration in the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared wavelength regions. Here, we review the recent development of emerging LD nanomaterials as SAs for ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser applications in different dispersion regimes such as anomalous and normal dispersion regimes of the laser cavity operating in the near-infrared region, especially at ~1550 nm. The preparation methods, nonlinear optical properties of LD SAs, and various integration schemes for incorporating LD SAs into fiber laser systems are introduced. In addition to these, externally (electrically or optically) controlled pulsed fiber laser behavior and other characteristics of various LD SAs are summarized. Finally, the perspectives and challenges facing LD SA-based mode-locked ultrafast fiber lasers are highlighted.

scholarly journals Generation and dynamics of soliton and soliton molecules from a VSe2/GO-based fiber laser

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benhai Wang ◽  
Haobin Han ◽  
Lijun Yu ◽  
Yueyue Wang ◽  
Chaoqing Dai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Saturable Absorption ◽  
Soliton Dynamics

Abstract Recently, in addition to exploring the application of new saturable absorber devices in fiber lasers, soliton dynamics has also become a focus of current research. In this article, we report an ultrashort pulse fiber laser based on VSe2/GO nanocomposite and verify the formation process of soliton and soliton molecules by the numerical simulation. The prepared VSe2/GO-based device shows excellent saturable absorption characteristics with a modulation depth of 14.3% and a saturation absorption intensity of 0.93 MW/cm2. The conventional soliton is obtained with pulse width of 573 fs, which is currently the narrowest pulse width based on VSe2-related material, and has a signal-to-noise ratio of 60.4 dB. In addition, the soliton molecules are realized based on the VSe2/GO for the first time and have a pulse interval of ∼2.2 ps. We study the soliton dynamics through numerical simulation and reveal that before the formation of the soliton, it undergoes multiple nonlinear stages, such as soliton mode-locking, soliton splitting, and soliton oscillation. Furthermore, the results of numerical simulation are agreed well with the experimental data. These results indicate that the VSe2/GO might be another promising saturable absorber material for ultrafast photonics, and deepen the understanding of soliton dynamics in ultrafast fiber lasers.

L-band femtosecond fiber laser with Cu2Te-PVA thin film

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 015101
Author(s):  
H Ahmad ◽  
N H Abdul Kahar ◽  
N F Norisham ◽  
S A Reduan ◽  
L Bayang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Pump Power ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Absorption Measurement ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Absorption ◽  
L Band ◽  
The Stability

Abstract For the first time, this research proposed a copper telluride (Cu2Te)-polyvinyl alcohol thin film as a saturable absorber (SA) in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) operating in the long-wavelength band (L-band). The nonlinear optical absorption measurement of Cu2Te thin film revealed a saturation intensity of 3.26 kW cm−2 and a modulation depth of 2.7%. Furthermore, the mode-locked pulse was successfully generated by integrating a Cu2Te thin film into the L-band cavity at a threshold pump power of 135.61 mW with a center wavelength and pulse duration of 1565.48 nm and 770 fs, respectively. When observing the output mode-locked pulse, the pump power for the EDFL ranged from 135.61 mW to 201.28 mW, with the fundamental mode having a repetition rate 10.28 MHz. Furthermore, the magnitude of the signal-to-noise ratio was approximately 61.3 dB, indicating that the laser was stable with no significant fluctuations during the stability test. Overall, the findings showed that Cu2Te thin film has an excellent output and a promising candidate for an SA, implying that it could have a lot of potentials in pulsed laser application.

scholarly journals Graphite Saturable Absorber for Q-Switched Fiber Laser

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Yushazlina R. Yuzaile ◽  
Noor A. Awang ◽  
Zahariah Zakaria ◽  
Noor U.H.H Zalkepali ◽  
Amirah A. Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Maximum Pulse Energy ◽  
Optical Fiber Applications

This paper reported a successful demonstration on Q-switched fiber laser by using graphite as saturable absorber (SA). The graphite is deposited on the fiber ferrule through a simple mechanical exfoliation method. The modulation depth of the graphite SA is 19.2% with a saturation intensity of 85 MW/cm². The maximum achievable pulse repetition rates and pulse width are 42.41 kHz and 3.40 μs respectively. Meanwhile, its optical signal-to-noise ratio is about 50.81 dB. The Q-switched pulses have the maximum pulse energy of 5.84 nJ. These outcomes demonstrated that a stable output of passively Q-switched fiber laser is produced and can be applied for various optical fiber applications.

scholarly journals Bright Soliton and Bright–Dark Soliton Pair in an Er-Doped Fiber Laser Mode-Locked Based on In2Se3 Saturable Absorber

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wei ◽  
Xile Han ◽  
Huanian Zhang ◽  
Chonghui Li ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
High Power ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Stable Mode

The output power in ultrafast fiber lasers is usually limited due to the lack of a versatile saturable absorber with high damage threshold and large modulation depth. Here we proposed a more efficient strategy to improve the output energy of erbium-doped fiber laser based on indium selenide (In2Se3) prepared by using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Finally, stable mode-locked bright pulses and triple-wavelength dark–bright pulse pair generation were obtained successfully by adjusting the polarization state. The average output power and pulse energy were 172.4 mW/101 nJ and 171.3 mW/100 nJ, which are significantly improved compared with the previous work. These data demonstrate that the PVD-In2Se3 can be a feasible nonlinear photonic material for high-power fiber lasers, which will pave a fresh avenue for the high-power fiber laser.

scholarly journals Dynamics of carbon nanotube-based mode-locking fiber lasers

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2731-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Yusheng Zhang ◽  
Xueming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Soliton Dynamics ◽  
Deep Modulation

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) can work as excellent saturable absorber (SA) due to its advantages of fast recovery, low saturation intensity, polarization insensitivity, deep modulation depth, broad operation bandwidth, outstanding environmental stability, and affordable fabrication. Its successful application as SA has promoted the development of scientific research and practical application of mode-locked fiber lasers. Besides, mode-locked fiber laser constitutes an ideal platform for investigating soliton dynamics which exhibit profound nonlinear optical dynamics and excitation ubiquitous in many fields. Up to now, a variety of soliton dynamics have been observed. Among these researches, CNT-SA is a key component that suppresses the environmental perturbation and optimizes the laser system to reveal the true highly stochastic and non-repetitive unstable phenomena of the initial self-starting lasing process. This review is intended to provide an up-to-date introduction to the development of CNT-SA based ultrafast fiber lasers, with emphasis on recent progress in real-time buildup dynamics of solitons in CNT-SA mode-locked fiber lasers. It is anticipated that study of dynamics of solitons can not only further reveal the physical nature of solitons, but also optimize the performance of ultrafast fiber lasers and eventually expand their applications in different fields.

scholarly journals Highly Stable Passively Q-Switched Erbium-Doped All-Fiber Laser Based on Niobium Diselenide Saturable Absorber

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4303
Author(s):  
Ping Hu ◽  
Jiajia Mao ◽  
Hongkun Nie ◽  
Ruihua Wang ◽  
Baitao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide ◽  
Center Wavelength ◽  
Niobium Diselenide ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Layered Transition Metal

A saturable absorber (SA) based on niobium diselenide (NbSe2), which is a layered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) in the VB group, is fabricated by the optically driven deposition method, and the related nonlinear optical properties are characterized. The modulation depth, saturable intensity, and nonsaturable loss of the as-prepared NbSe2 nanosheet-based SA are measured to be 16.2%, 0.76 MW/cm2, and 14%, respectively. By using the as-fabricated NbSe2 SA, a highly stable, passively Q-switched, erbium-doped, all-fiber laser is realized. The obtained shortest pulse width is 1.49 μs, with a pulse energy of 48.33 nJ at a center wavelength of 1560.38 nm. As far as we know, this is the shortest pulse duration ever obtained by an NbSe2 SA in a Q-switched fiber laser.

MoS2-wrapped microfiber-based multi-wavelength soliton fiber laser

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (32) ◽  
pp. 1750303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Pump Power ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Tunable Filter ◽  
Linear Birefringence ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Multi Wavelength

The single-, dual- and triple-wavelength passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers are demonstrated with MoS2 and polarization-dependent isolator (PD-ISO). The saturable absorber is fabricated by wrapping an MoS2 around a microfiber. The intracavity PD-ISO acts as a wavelength-tunable filter with a polarization controller (PC) by adjusting the linear birefringence. Single-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser can self-start with suitable pump power. With appropriate PC state, dual- and triple-wavelength operations can be observed when gains at different wavelengths reach a balance. It is noteworthy that dual-wavelength pulses exhibiting peak and dip sidebands, respectively, are demonstrated in the experiment. The proposed simple and multi-wavelength all-fiber conventional soliton lasers could possess potential applications in numerous fields, such as sensors, THz generations and optical communications.

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