Epidemiological studies of tooth wear and dental erosion in 14-year-old children in North West England. Part 1: The relationship with water fluoridation and social deprivation

Eating disorders in teenager’s population has a wide range of expressions from a large consumption of sodas or sugar, to binge drinking, anorexia nervosa and anorexia bulimia. Tooth wear or high caries risk could be the clinical expression of such harmful habits and the dental clinical examination could be the way for an early diagnosis of eating disorders In this kind of situation, discussion with the teenager should be preferred. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of such eating behaviors especially for teenagers. Vomiting and gastro esophageal reflux to lead to dental erosion could also be correlated to bruxism and attrition. Prevention and interception of harmful habits are the best way to stop teeth degradation purpose restorative procedure is sometimes required. Orthodontic therapy is a good opportunity for discussion with teenagers to identify risk factors, but an advised selection of biomaterials is also required during the orthodontic treatment.

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Preliminary Assessment of Risk Factors for Tooth Wear

Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine ◽

10.1515/jim-2017-0073 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 205-210

Author(s):

Orsolya Beáta Birta ◽

Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé ◽

Krisztina Mártha ◽

Hunor Pál Farkas ◽

Andreea Bors ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Dental Erosion ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Male Female Ratio

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies have reported an increasing prevalence of tooth wear, and general dental practitioners see a greater number of patients seeking treatment with worn dentition. Improper oral hygiene, unhealthy habits, occupational hazards, and potentially erosive processed foods seem to play a major role in the non-carious loss of dental hard tissue. The aim of this study is to assess the factors and cofactors that may play a major role in the genesis of dental attrition, dental abrasion, and, especially, dental erosion. Material and methods: Seventy-nine consecutive patients, aged between 17 and 78 years, have enrolled in our study, completing a questionnaire regarding chronic illnesses, eating habits, and dental hygiene, followed by a dental clinical examination. Results: The male-female ratio was 1.4:1, with a mean age of 35.6 years. Forty-four (55.7%) patients presented objective signs of tooth wear. Regarding oral hygiene habits, the use of a hard toothbrush is linked to increased tooth wear, while brushing in a circular motion seems to be the least abrasive. We found a considerable prevalence of bruxism (19%), which led to severe generalized attrition in almost half of such patients. The most popular drinks with erosive potential were coffee (58.2%), soft drinks (57%), and tea (24.1%), and extrinsic erosion was more frequent in patients younger than 30 years. Understandably, physiological tooth wear was more common in older patients. The questionnaire revealed that over 60% of patients have inaccurate knowledge of tooth wear. Conclusions: Tooth wear is partially a progressive physiological process. Unfortunately, we see it increasing in younger patients due to pathological influencing factors. These include improper tooth brushing technique and materials, bruxism, dental prosthesis, dietary habits. Primordial and primary prevention is the key to reducing morbidity, health education being an essential part of it.

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K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 780-787

Author(s):

Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽

Abdullahi Mohammed ◽

Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽

Sahabi Yusuf Ali

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Soil Samples ◽

North West ◽

R Programming ◽

Available Information ◽

Northwest Region ◽

The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production. Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

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A Religious State (A Study of Hasyim Asyari and Muhammad Iqbal's Thought on the Relation of Religion, State and Nationalism)

JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam) ◽

10.30829/juspi.v3i2.6778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Arik Dwijayanto ◽

Yusmicha Ulya Afif

Keyword(s):

Intellectual History ◽

British Empire ◽

Political Identity ◽

British Imperialism ◽

Early Generation ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Religion And State ◽

The Relationship ◽

Diverse Cultures

This article explores the concept of a religious state proposed by two Muslim leaders: Hasyim Asyari (1871-1947), an Indonesian Muslim leader and Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938), an Indian Muslim leader. Both of them represented the early generation when the emerging revolution for the independence of Indonesia (1945) from the Dutch colonialism and India-Pakistan (1947) from the British Imperialism. In doing so, they argued that the religious state is compatible with the plural nation that has diverse cultures, faiths, and ethnicities. They also argued that Islam as religion should involve the establishment of a nation-state. But under certain circumstances, they changed their thinking. Hasyim changed his thought that Islam in Indonesia should not be dominated by a single religion and state ideology. Hasyim regarded religiosity in Indonesia as vital in nation-building within a multi-religious society. While Iqbal changed from Indian loyalist to Islamist loyalist after he studied and lived in the West. The desire of Iqbal to establish the own state for the Indian Muslims separated from Hindus was first promulgated in 1930 when he was a President of the Muslim League. Iqbal expressed the hope of seeing Punjab, the North West province, Sind and Balukhistan being one in a single state, having self-government outside the British empire. In particular, the two Muslim leaders used religious legitimacy to establish political identity. By using historical approach (intellectual history), the relationship between religion, state, and nationalism based on the thinking of the two Muslim leaders can be concluded that Hasyim Asyari more prioritizes Islam as the ethical value to build state ideology and nationalism otherwise Muhammad Iqbal tends to make Islam as the main principle in establishment of state ideology and nationalism.Keywords: Hasyim Asyari, Muhammad Iqbal, religion, state, nationalism.

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Potential Role of Inflammation in Associations between Particulate Matter and Heart Failure

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180110150550 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 341-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaotong Ji ◽

Yingying Zhang ◽

Guangke Li ◽

Nan Sang

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Future Work ◽

The Relationship

Recently, numerous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated with increased hospitalization and mortality from heart failure (HF). In addition to problems with circulation, HF patients often display high expression of cytokines in the failing heart. Thus, as a recurring heart problem, HF is thought to be a disorder characterized in part by the inflammatory response. In this review, we intend to discuss the relationship between PM exposure and HF that is based on inflammatory mechanism and to provide a comprehensive, updated evaluation of the related studies. Epidemiological studies on PM-induced heart diseases are focused on high concentrations of PM, high pollutant load exposure in winter, or susceptible groups with heart diseases, etc. Furthermore, it appears that the relationship between fine or ultrafine PM and HF is stronger than that between HF and coarse PM. However, fewer studies paid attention to PM components. As for experimental studies, it is worth noting that coarse PM may indirectly promote the inflammatory response in the heart through systematic circulation of cytokines produced primarily in the lungs, while ultrafine PM and its components can enter circulation and further induce inflammation directly in the heart. In terms of PM exposure and enhanced inflammation during the pathogenesis of HF, this article reviews the following mechanisms: hemodynamics, oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and epigenetic regulation. However, many problems are still unsolved, and future work will be needed to clarify the complex biologic mechanisms and to identify the specific components of PM responsible for adverse effects on heart health.

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Adolescent smoking behavior and communication with parents: Depression as a mediator and gender as a moderator

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xieping Chen ◽

Qian Xie ◽

Yuting Yang

Keyword(s):

Smoking Behavior ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Adolescent Smoking ◽

Junior High Schools ◽

Test Results ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship ◽

Communication Scale

Parent–adolescent communication is assumed to be an important factor affecting adolescent smoking behavior. However, the inner mechanism accounting for this association has still not been clarified in research. Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between parent–adolescent communication, adolescent smoking behavior, and depression, as well as gender differences in the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Participants were 1,134 students at 6 junior high schools in China who completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Smoking Behavior Test. Results showed that parent-adolescent communication had a significant negative effect on adolescent smoking behavior and depression partially mediated the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior. In addition, gender moderated the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Overall, these findings may help to promote better understanding of the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior.

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Disparities in access to mobile devices and e-health literacy among breast cancer survivors

Supportive Care in Cancer ◽

10.1007/s00520-021-06407-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zoe Moon ◽

Mira Zuchowski ◽

Rona Moss-Morris ◽

Myra S. Hunter ◽

Sam Norton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Mobile Devices ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Widespread Access ◽

The Relationship ◽

Questionnaire Pack

Abstract Background The number of e-health interventions developed for breast cancer survivors continues to increase. However, issues with engagement and retention are common. This study aimed to explore e-health literacy rates and access to smartphones and tablets in a large sample of breast cancer survivors. Methods In study 1, women were recruited from outpatient breast clinics across England and Wales. Eligible women were asked to complete a questionnaire pack to assess their access to devices and their e-health literacy. Multiple regression analyses were run to assess the relationship between technology access and e-health literacy with sociodemographic variables such as age, social deprivation, and education. Study 2 presents a smaller sample recruited through social media who answered a questionnaire relating to use of mobile devices and e-health, and apps. Results Two thousand nine women participated in the study. Seventy-one percent had access to a smartphone, 54% had access to a tablet, and 20% did not have access to either device. Multiple logistic regressions showed that women who were younger, had higher levels of education, and who were from less deprived areas were more likely to have access to either device. Poorer e-health literacy was associated with being older, having less education, and not having access to a mobile device. Conclusions Whilst the results show relatively widespread access to mobile devices, there is evidence of a digital divide across some groups. Online interventions should be developed with consideration of individuals who are less e-health-literate and less technologically adept in order to increase the likelihood of engagement.

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Uric Acid and Hypertension: Prognostic Role and Guide for Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10030448 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 448

Author(s):

Federica Piani ◽

Arrigo F. G. Cicero ◽

Claudio Borghi

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Strong Association ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Hypertensive Disease ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Lowering Therapy ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension has been a subject of increasing interest since the 1870 discovery by Frederick Akbar Mahomed. Several epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between high SUA levels and the presence or the development of hypertension. Genetic analyses have found that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) genetic polymorphisms are associated with hypertension. However, genetic studies on urate transporters and Mendelian randomization studies failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between SUA and hypertension. Results from clinical trials on the role of urate-lowering therapy in the management of patients with hypertension are not uniform. Our study sought to analyze the prognostic and therapeutic role of SUA in the hypertensive disease, from uric acid (UA) biology to clinical trials on urate-lowering therapies.

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