A low cost synthesis method for functionalised iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia from readily available materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Bear ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Cristina Blanco-Andujar ◽  
Paul D. McNaughter ◽  
Paul Southern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Street ◽  
Fatty Acid Precursor

The synthesis of iron oxide nanocrystals from reagents taken from high street sources using thermal decomposition of an iron–fatty acid precursor in a high boiling point solvent in the presence of surfactants is presented. The nanocrystals were characterised using a variety of techniques including: electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magnetometry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is also used to compare the decomposition behaviour of iron oleate and iron palmitate, our nanoparticle precursors. The nanoparticles also exhibit shape anisotropy when prepared under optimum conditions. We show that these nanoparticles have potential in magnetic hyperthermia after transfer to aqueous media via an amphiphilic polymer.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Ce1−xPdxO2−δ Solid Solution in Molten Nitrate

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Hideaki Sasaki ◽  
Keisuke Sakamoto ◽  
Masami Mori ◽  
Tatsuaki Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Ionic States

CeO2-based solid solutions in which Pd partially substitutes for Ce attract considerable attention, owing to their high catalytic performances. In this study, the solid solution (Ce1−xPdxO2−δ) with a high Pd content (x ~ 0.2) was synthesized through co-precipitation under oxidative conditions using molten nitrate, and its structure and thermal decomposition were examined. The characteristics of the solid solution, such as the change in a lattice constant, inhibition of sintering, and ionic states, were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM−EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)−EDS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesis method proposed in this study appears suitable for the easy preparation of CeO2 solid solutions with a high Pd content.

scholarly journals Nanosheets of CuCo2O4 As a High-Performance Electrocatalyst in Urea Oxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Zequine ◽  
Fangzhou Wang ◽  
Xianglin Li ◽  
Deepa Guragain ◽  
S.R. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Bifunctional Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electroactive Material

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is a possible solution to solve the world’s energy crisis. Fuel cells have been used in the UOR to generate hydrogen with a lower potential compared to water splitting, decreasing the costs of energy production. Urea is abundantly present in agricultural waste and in industrial and human wastewater. Besides generating hydrogen, this reaction provides a pathway to eliminate urea, which is a hazard in the environment and to people’s health. In this study, nanosheets of CuCo2O4 grown on nickel foam were synthesized as an electrocatalyst for urea oxidation to generate hydrogen as a green fuel. The synthesized electrocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electroactivity of CuCo2O4 towards the oxidation of urea in alkaline solution was evaluated using electrochemical measurements. Nanosheets of CuCo2O4 grown on nickel foam required the potential of 1.36 V in 1 M KOH with 0.33 M urea to deliver a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The CuCo2O4 electrode was electrochemically stable for over 15 h of continuous measurements. The high catalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction make the CuCo2O4 electrode a bifunctional catalyst and a promising electroactive material for hydrogen production. The two-electrode electrolyzer demanded a potential of 1.45 V, which was 260 mV less than that for the urea-free counterpart. Our study suggests that the CuCo2O4 electrode can be a promising material as an efficient UOR catalyst for fuel cells to generate hydrogen at a low cost.

An Efficient Simple Hydrothermal Method to Synthesis FeS2 Microspheres and their Optical Property

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Yu Xuan Liang ◽  
Peng Peng Bai ◽  
Shu Qi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthetic Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type ◽  
Good Uniformity

Pyrite (FeS2) is an important semiconductor material which shows various excellent optical and electrical properties and extensive applied prospect as a new-type, photoelectrical functional materials. In this study, a low cost and efficient simple hydrothermal two-step synthetic method was given to obtain FeS2 microspheres with 2-3 μm in diameter. The obtained products were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). XRD showed that the synthetic sample consisted of two crystal structures of FeS2, pyrite and marcasite. SEM observation indicated that FeS2 microspheres were well crystallized and had good uniformity. UV-Vis spectrum had a strong optical absorption in the region of 200-400 nm wave length. The reaction temperature had an impact on the size of FeS2 microspheres. A possible mechanism for the size of the FeS2 microspheres generated at high temperature is smaller than that at low temperature is discussed.

Low Cost Integrated Sensors Utilizing Patterned Nano-Structured Titania Arrays Fabricated Using a Simple Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuruzi Abu Samah ◽  
Andrei Kolmakov ◽  
Martin Moskovits ◽  
Noel C. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nano Wires ◽  
Low Temperature Process

ABSTRACTUsing a novel low-temperature process, we demonstrate the facile integration of crack-free nanostructured titania (NST) as sensing elements in microsystems. Unlike conventional sol-gel methods, NST layers of interconnected nano-walls and nano-wires were formed by reacting Ti surfaces with aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Cracks were observed in NST layers formed on blanket Ti films but absent on arrays of patterned Ti pads below a threshold dimension. Analyses using TEM, high resolution SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal that NST consists of anatase TiO2 nano-crystals. NST pads were found able to detect oxygen gas of a few ppm. NST pad arrays were integrated on rigid and flexible substrates with potential applications in low cost and wearable sensing systems.

Formation of maghemite nanoparticles in bismuth telluride materials containing iron

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2042-2046
Author(s):  
R.M. Catchings ◽  
A.N. Thorpe ◽  
J.R. Grant ◽  
R. Douglas ◽  
C. Viragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Bismuth Telluride ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Chemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Chemical

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) systems containing 2%, 4%, and 8% of iron were prepared using a low temperature wet chemical method. Iron oxide nanoparticles were formed when the samples were heated in hydrogen at 250 °C for at least six hours. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and wet chemical analysis measurements. The nanoparticles of iron oxide were identified as γ-Fe2O3 with a particle size of ˜5 nm.

scholarly journals Microwave Assisted Phytosynthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Oxide Quantum Dots using Moringa oleifera

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Deepthi Reddy ◽  
M. Noorjahan ◽  
K.Girija Mangatayaru ◽  
M. Krishnakanth
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide

Magnetic Iron Oxide Quantum Dots (MIOQDs) were synthesized using Moringa oleifera leaves through green technique i.e., Microwave treatment. The synthetic method is highly rapid, simple and economical. MIOQDs were formed by reduction of ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution with Moringa oleifera leaf extract without any influence of alkaline conditions which opens a new arena for the phytosynthesis of nanoparticles. MIOQDs structural characteristics were scrutinized by Powder X-ray diffraction method, FESEM, TEM, UV –Visible Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence Emission Spectroscopy. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum recorded for the aqueous media iron nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at around 330 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with both hematite and maghemite structure.

scholarly journals Phosphate adsorption onto bagasse iron oxide biochar: Parameter optimization, kinetic analysis, and study of mechanism

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1335-1357
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yan-mei Ding ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Jing-xi Li ◽  
Mei-na Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ph Range

This study combined chemical ultrasonic modifications and microwave oven heating to prepare a novel adsorbent, bagasse iron oxide biochar, (BIBC) to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions. The characterization of BIBC was made by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, and the mechanism of phosphorus adsorption on BIBC was researched by adsorption batch experiments with emphasis on pH, dosages of BIBC, initial phosphorus concentration, and adsorption time. The BIBC’s BET specific surface area and pore volumes were 81.94 m2 g−1 and 26.74 cm3 g−1, respectively. The pH for the optimal phosphorus adsorption by BIBC ranged from 5.0 to 7.0. The maximum adsorption capacities of phosphorus (according to the Langmuir model) were 3.62, 4.06, and 4.32 mg g-1 at temperatures of 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively. Electrostatic interaction, surface adsorption of phosphorus on BIBC, and ion exchange were the main mechanisms of phosphorus adsorption. According to XPS results, Fe2p was involved in the adsorption reaction. The adsorption of phosphorus by BIBC is considered to be mainly chemical adsorption. The BIBC was stable under a pH range from 4.0 to 10.0 and secondary pollution did not result.

One Step Synthesis of Graphene-Like Structures by Carbonization of some Carbohydrates in Molten Salt Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 166-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betül Gürünlü ◽  
Mahmut Bayramoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
One Step ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Molten Salt System

Graphene is one of the most promising materials discovered in last years. It is usually synthesized by Hummers’ method requiring the usage of many chemicals. As an alternative to traditional methods, in this study a bottom-up synthesis method was developed from various saccharides such as starch, mannose, cellulose, fructose, arabinose, and xylose by carbonization at 600 °C to 800 °C in LiCl/KCl molten salt system. The proposed method is environmental friendly and economic. Graphene yields at 600 °C are higher than at 800 °C. Graphene products give peak at 2θ = 23° on the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns. As the temperature is increased, amorph structure is observed on the XRD patterns. Raman spectroscopy results show that intensity of D band peak over intensity of G band peak (ID/IG) values of graphene products synthesized from arabinose and cellulose at 600 °C, graphene from arabinose synthesized at 800 °C are 0.76, 0.65 and 0.85 respectively, which show that these products are few-layered. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, graphene products synthesized at 600 °C have higher carbon content than those synthesized at 800 °C.

Charge properties of red Argentine soils as an indicator of iron oxide/clay associations

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Torres Sánchez ◽  
M. Okumura ◽  
R. C. Mercader
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
North Eastern

The order of the relative degree of iron oxide coating of 4 samples of red soils from north-eastern Argentina was established using the point of zero charge (PZC), yielded by potentiometric titration, and the isoelectric point (IEP), obtained from the diffusion potential. When PZC is different from IEP, the relative fraction of apparent surface coverage could be assessed from the IEP. The results obtained by the application of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and specif ic surface area, although essential to characterise the samples, did not allow us to determine the degree of iron oxide coating. Our findings show that the order of this degree is opposite to the order of the ratio of the amount of free iron oxides to that of clay in iron oxides/clay mixtures.

Characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from the leaf extract of piper betle by green synthesis method

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Manohari N ◽  
Mohanapriya N
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Green Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Visible

In this present study, Iron Oxide nano particles were synthesized by using Green method. For this synthesis on Iron oxide, the leaf extract of piper betle was used as a reducing agent and FeCl3 as a precursor. Thus, they were characterized by XRD, SEM,EDX and FTIR. The parity of Fe2O3 nano particles was confirmed by EDX. The crystalline size of Iron Oxide nano particles was analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectrum. The functional groups are identified in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology of the Iron Oxide Nano particles is found from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The optical properties are determined by using UV-Visible Spectroscopy. Thus, the so-formed nano particles were Fe2O3.

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