A potential sex dimorphism in the relationship between bitter taste and alcohol consumption

Sex-specific interactions between bitter taste phenotype, TAS2R38 genotype and alcohol intake may explain variance is previous studies, and may have implications for disease risk.

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The Alcohol Flushing Response is Associated with the Risk of Depression

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1095598/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seonghee Jeon ◽

Heewon Kang ◽

Inhyung Cho ◽

Sung-il Cho

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

P Value ◽

East Asians ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

South Korean ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Alcohol Flushing ◽

The Relationship

Abstract The alcohol flushing response is experienced by 36–45% of East Asians after drinking a small amount of alcohol. Since individuals with this response are incapable of metabolizing toxic acetaldehyde derived from alcohol effectively, this response is suggested as an indicator for the health risks associated with alcohol intake. Depression, a major health problem linked to alcohol consumption, might also be associated with the presence of the alcohol flushing response. Therefore, this study examined the association between the alcohol flushing response and the risk of depression in the general population of South Koreans. The analysis included 139,266 participants and used data from the 2019 Korean Community Health Survey. Only current drinkers were considered in the analysis. The relationship between the alcohol flushing response and depression was determined by logistic regression analysis using SAS 9.4. As a result, more than one-third of the population was found to be current flushers, and the relationship was significant among current flushers and depression (AOR=1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.35, P-value=0.1ⅹ10-3) compared to never flushers. No association was found between former flushing response and depression. The odds of depression were significantly higher among alcohol flushers who drinks less than 15 g/day alcohol (<5 g/day: AOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.08-1.36, P-value=0.1ⅹ10-3; 5.0-14.9 g/day: AOR=1.40, 95% CI=1.14-1.71, P-value=0.1ⅹ10-3). In conclusion, this study reveals that a significant number of the South Korean population experiences the alcohol flushing response, and the individuals with the response are more likely to feel depressed, even with a small amount of alcohol consumption.

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‘Joining the Dots’: Individual, Sociocultural and Environmental Links between Alcohol Consumption, Dietary Intake and Body Weight—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13092927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2927

Author(s):

Mackenzie Fong ◽

Stephanie Scott ◽

Viviana Albani ◽

Ashley Adamson ◽

Eileen Kaner

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Keyword Search ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Observational Research ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity ◽

The Relationship

Alcohol is energy-dense, elicits weak satiety responses relative to solid food, inhibits dietary fat oxidation, and may stimulate food intake. It has, therefore, been proposed as a contributor to weight gain and obesity. The aim of this narrative review was to consolidate and critically appraise the evidence on the relationship of alcohol consumption with dietary intake and body weight, within mainstream (non-treatment) populations. Publications were identified from a PubMed keyword search using the terms ‘alcohol’, ‘food’, ‘eating’, ‘weight’, ‘body mass index’, ‘obesity’, ‘food reward’, ‘inhibition’, ‘attentional bias’, ‘appetite’, ‘culture’, ‘social’. A snowball method and citation searches were used to identify additional relevant publications. Reference lists of relevant publications were also consulted. While limited by statistical heterogeneity, pooled results of experimental studies showed a relatively robust association between acute alcohol intake and greater food and total energy intake. This appears to occur via metabolic and psychological mechanisms that have not yet been fully elucidated. Evidence on the relationship between alcohol intake and weight is equivocal. Most evidence was derived from cross-sectional survey data which does not allow for a cause-effect relationship to be established. Observational research evidence was limited by heterogeneity and methodological issues, reducing the certainty of the evidence. We found very little qualitative work regarding the social, cultural, and environmental links between concurrent alcohol intake and eating behaviours. That the evidence of alcohol intake and body weight remains uncertain despite no shortage of research over the years, indicates that more innovative research methodologies and nuanced analyses are needed to capture what is clearly a complex and dynamic relationship. Also, given synergies between ‘Big Food’ and ‘Big Alcohol’ industries, effective policy solutions are likely to overlap and a unified approach to policy change may be more effective than isolated efforts. However, joint action may not occur until stronger evidence on the relationship between alcohol intake, food intake and weight is established.

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SUN-LB103 The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Katrina Han ◽

Dominic Nicholas Reeds ◽

Julia Passyn Dunn

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Native American ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Alcohol Exposure ◽

P Value ◽

Model Assessment ◽

The Relationship

Abstract BACKGROUNDThe effects of alcohol intake on insulin sensitivity have produced conflicting results with both beneficial and adverse effects observed. This study aimed to compare the relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity in obese Veterans. METHODSWe performed a cross-sectional study of obese (BMI 30.0-45.0 kg/m2), nondiabetic U.S. Military Veterans without active mental health diagnoses, including no report of dependent alcohol use within the last 12 months. Alcohol exposure over the previous 12 months (mos) was assessed using a study-developed questionnaire and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Fasting insulin, glucose, and a 75gm OGTT were completed to determine Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and prediabetes (preDM) score of 0, 1, or 2 based on fulfilling 0, 1, or at least 2 of the ADA criteria for preDM, respectively. Linear regression was used to assess for associations between measures of insulin resistance and alcohol consumption; unstandardized β and p-value are reported for variable of interest. RESULTS104 Veterans participated (66% males; 44±8years (range: 25-60); BMI 36±4kg/m2 (range: 29-45); 53% White, 46% African American, 2% Alaskan/Native American, 1% Other). 83 participants reported any alcohol intake in the previous 12 mos and neither preDM score (p=0.57) nor HOMA-IR (p=0.14) were predicted by this question. PreDM score groups were similar in gender, BMI, and weight, but age predicted both preDM score (r2=0.09, β=0.025, p=0.006) and HOMA-IR (r2=0.05, β=-0.09, p=0.034); therefore, all regressions were adjusted for age. There was a negative association between the number of days of alcohol intake with HOMA-IR (β=-0.271, p=0.037) but no association occurred with preDM score (p=0.15). Fewer days of binge drinking was associated with higher HOMA-IR (β= -0.342, p=0.058) and preDM score (β=-0.075, p=0.05). There was no significant association between total quantity of alcohol intake and HOMA-IR (p=0.13) nor preDM score (p=0.15). There was no association between MAST score and HOMA-IR (p=0.7) or preDM score (p=0.3). CONCLUSIONIn our cohort of obese, non-alcohol dependent Veterans, the reported number of days of alcohol intake and days of binge drinking in the previous 12 mos were lower in those with markers of insulin resistance. These results suggest that drinking patterns among obese patients may have unique effects on insulin sensitivity that warrant further investigation.

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Nutritional status of alcoholics in peri-urban areas of the greater Accra region of Ghana

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.63.12925 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (63) ◽

pp. 8821-8836

Author(s):

SS Klobodu ◽

◽

M Steiner-Asiedu ◽

E Colecraft ◽

AK Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Ethanol Intake ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Greater Accra Region

Alcoholism is a common problem in developing countries. Epidemiological studies on the relationship among excessive alcohol consumption, malnutrition and anaemia are inconclusive. The present study examined the association between alcohol intake and nutritional status of alcoholics in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study was cross-sectional involving 107 participants (men and women) aged between 20 and 76 years. Participants were identified as alcoholics after screening with a combined, but modified CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. Anthropometric data including weight, biceps skinfold thickness, triceps skinfold thickness, hip circumference and waist circumference were collected. Body mass index (BMI) and Waist-to-hip ratio were computed using appropriate measures. Haemoglobin levels of participants were also assessed. Dietary intakes of respondents were estimated by 24-hour recall which was further converted into nutrients and energy using ESHA food processor. A pretested questionnaire was also used to obtain data on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of participants. Differences between participants based on level of alcohol intake and correlations among variables were tested for statistical significance using ANOVA and correlation analyses, respectively. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between levels of total ethanol intake and overweight and obesity factors while controlling for age, smoking status, physical activity and total energy intake. There was an inverse correlation between triceps skinfold and level of alcohol consumption irrespective of predominant type of alcoholic beverage consumed (r= -0.213, P= 0.028). Further, there was a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers (r= 0.585, P= 0.046). A strong positive correlation was observed between alcohol intake and haemoglobin concentration for women (r= 0.729, P= 0.040) but not among men (r= -0.053, P= 0.722). Predominant beer consumers tend to have higher weight and BMI. Moderate level of total ethanol intake was associated with greater odds of being overweight/obese, whereas high levels of intake was associated with lower odds of being overweight/obesity although these were not statistically significant. The mechanisms for the observation of higher weight, BMI and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers in this population need further exploration.

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Bitter taste phenotype and TAS2R38 A49P genotype influence alcohol consumption in males but not females

Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.188 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

E.L. Beckett ◽

K. Duesing ◽

L. Boyd ◽

X. Ng ◽

Z. Yates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Bitter Taste ◽

Taste Phenotype

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Excessive alcohol consumption: a challenge for occupational health / El consumo excesivo de alcohol: un reto para la salud laboral

Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas ◽

10.21134/haaj.v1i1.180 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Javier Fernández-Montalvo ◽

Enrique Echeburúa

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Early Detection ◽

Occupational Health ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽

Excessive Alcohol ◽

The Relationship

En este trabajo se analiza la relación existente entre el abuso de alcohol y la actividad laboral. Se comentan las tasas de prevalencia del consumo de alcohol entre los trabajadores obtenidas en diferentes estudios y se describen los principales métodos de detección precoz (biológicos y psicológicos), así como las limitaciones de cada uno de ellos. Por último, se revisan los estudios sobre las principales repercusiones del abuso de alcohol en el ámbito laboral. AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between alcohol abuse and labour activity. The prevalence rates about alcohol intake in workers are commented and the main early detection methods (biological and psychological) together with its limitations are described. Finally, studies about work consequences of alcohol are reviewed.

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The Association between Alcohol Hangover Frequency and Severity: Evidence for Reverse Tolerance?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8101520 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joris C. Verster ◽

Karin A. Slot ◽

Lizanne Arnoldy ◽

Albertine E. van Lawick van Pabst ◽

Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Future Research ◽

Assessment Instruments ◽

Reverse Tolerance ◽

The Relationship

Although hangover is a common consequence of heavy alcohol consumption, the area is heavily under-researched. Hangover frequency is a potential predictor of future alcohol use disorder that may be affected by hangover severity, yet the relationship between hangover frequency and severity has not been investigated. Using different methodologies and assessment instruments, two surveys, and one naturalistic study collected data on hangover frequency, hangover severity, and alcohol consumption. The relationship between hangover frequency and severity was investigated via correlational analysis, considering potentially moderating variables including alcohol intake, estimated blood alcohol concentration, demographics, and personality characteristics. In all the three studies, a positive and significant association between hangover frequency and severity was found, which remained significant after correcting for alcohol intake and other moderating factors. These findings suggest that hangover severity increases when hangovers are experienced more frequently and may be driven by sensitization or reverse tolerance to this aspect of alcohol consumption. Future research should further investigate the relationship between hangover frequency and severity and alcohol use disorder and its implications for prevention.

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Influence of the Flushing Response in the Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Korean Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.4082/kjfm.2014.35.6.295 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 295 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hae Sun Suh ◽

Jong Sung Kim ◽

Sung Soo Kim ◽

Jin Gyu Jung ◽

Seok Jun Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

The Relationship

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Sex-specific associations between alcohol consumption, cardiac morphology, and function as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: insights form the UK Biobank Population Study

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jeaa242 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Judit Simon ◽

Kenneth Fung ◽

Márton Kolossváry ◽

Mihir M Sanghvi ◽

Nay Aung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Left Atrium Volume ◽

The Uk ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship ◽

Regular Alcohol Consumption

Abstract Aims Data regarding the effects of regular alcohol consumption on cardiac anatomy and function are scarce. Therefore, we sought to determine the relationship between regular alcohol intake and cardiac structure and function as evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Methods and results Participants of the UK Biobank who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance were enrolled in our analysis. Data regarding regular alcohol consumption were obtained from questionnaires filled in by the study participants. Exclusion criteria were poor image quality, missing, or incongruent data regarding alcohol drinking habits, prior drinking, presence of heart failure or angina, and prior myocardial infarction or stroke. Overall, 4335 participants (61.5 ± 7.5 years, 47.6% male) were analysed. We used multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, cholesterol level, and Townsend deprivation index to examine the relationship between regular alcohol intake and cardiac structure and function. In men, alcohol intake was independently associated with marginally increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume [β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05–0.24; P = 0.004], left ventricular stroke volume (β = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.03–0.14; P = 0.005), and right ventricular stroke volume (β = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.02–0.13; P = 0.006). In women, alcohol consumption was associated with increased left atrium volume (β = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.04–0.23; P = 0.006). Conclusion Alcohol consumption is independently associated with a marginal increase in left and right ventricular volumes in men, but not in women, whereas alcohol intake showed an association with increased left atrium volume in women. Our results suggest that there is only minimal relationship between regular alcohol consumption and cardiac morphology and function in an asymptomatic middle-aged population.

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Examining Associations between Body Mass Index in 18–25 Year-Olds and Energy Intake from Alcohol: Findings from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101477 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1477 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Viviana Albani ◽

Jennifer Bradley ◽

Wendy Wrieden ◽

Stephanie Scott ◽

Cassey Muir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Young Adults ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Body Mass ◽

Health Survey ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Scottish Health Survey ◽

The Relationship ◽

Health Survey For England

Evidence on the relationship between alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) is mixed, particularly for young adults. This study explored the relationship between energy obtained from alcoholic beverages and BMI using data for 18–25 year-olds (n = 7691) from pooled cross-sections of the 2008–2014 Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey. Energy obtained from alcoholic beverages (excluding mixers) on the heaviest drinking day in the past week was expressed as percentage of total recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of energy (% RDA Energy). Linear regressions were estimated of BMI on alcohol intake categories controlling for intake frequency, physical activity, longstanding illness and other covariates, with separate analyses for men and women, and by beverage type. Significant associations with BMI were observed with the ‘Very High’ category of alcohol intake (>75% RDA Energy) for men (p < 0.001, 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98, 2.49) and with the “High” (>50% to 75% RDA Energy) (p < 0.001, 1.67, 95% CI 0.26, 2.58) and above category for women, when compared with the Low (>0–25% RDA Energy) category. Young adults drinking the highest levels of alcohol on a single occasion were more likely to be obese than those with the lowest intake. Interventions to address internationally rising youth obesity rates should also consider reducing alcohol consumption by increasing alcohol prices, and reducing availability and marketing exposure.

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