Deformation mechanisms of sub-micrometer thermoplastic vulcanizates obtained by reaction-induced phase separation of miscible poly(ε-caprolactone)/dimethacrylate systems

Soft Matter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (38) ◽  
pp. 6905-6912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy l'Abee ◽  
Martin van Duin ◽  
Han Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Grafting ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Grafting Onto

The rubber particle size as well as chemical grafting onto the surface of cross-linked rubber particles control the mechanical deformation behavior of sub-μm thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs).

Submicrometer Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Obtained by Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of Miscible Poly(Ε-Caprolactone)/Dimethacrylate Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L'Abee ◽  
Marloes Verbruggen ◽  
Martin van Duin ◽  
Anne Spoelstra ◽  
Han Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Lamellar Thickness ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates

Abstract Reaction-induced phase separation of initially miscible mixtures of poly(Ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and elastomer precursors based on difunctional methacrylate resins was applied to prepare thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) with rubber particle sizes ranging from 80 to 900 nm. The radicals formed by the peroxide decomposition initiate the formation of a cross-linked rubber network with gel contents exceeding 90%, but also abstract hydrogen atoms from the aliphatic moieties in PCL. This leads to the formation of PCL-grafted rubber particles, which show a high nucleating efficiency for crystallization of the PCL matrix. It is demonstrated that the tensile and elastic properties of these TPVs are determined by a complex interplay of the morphology, the type of elastomer precursor, the extent of PCL grafting, the crystallinity, and the lamellar thickness. The materials showed a rheological behavior that is typical for TPVs, for which the melt changes from an elastic to a viscous behavior above a critical stress.

Thermoplastic Vulcanizates by Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of a Miscible Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Epoxy System

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. A. l'Abee ◽  
J. G. P. Goossens ◽  
M. van Duin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
New Method ◽  
Separation Mechanism ◽  
Precursor Phase ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Dynamic Processing ◽  
Poly Propylene

Abstract A new method for the preparation of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) was successfully applied. Starting with a miscible system of a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer and an elastomer precursor, phase separation was induced by the increase in molecular weight during selective crosslinking of the elastomer precursor. As a model system, the semi-crystalline thermoplastic poly(Ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was used in combination with a rubbery epoxy resin based on poly(propylene oxide) (PPOn-epoxy). This approach enables the dispersion of up to 80 wt% of crosslinked rubber in a thermoplastic matrix, providing morphologies that are typical for TPVs. A range in rubber particle size of 0.5 to 3 μm was obtained by this new method, without the need of blend compatibilization or dynamic processing. The materials exhibit mechanical and rheological properties typical for TPVs and the rubber particles feature a high crosslink density. At high curing temperatures and high PPOn-epoxy contents, connectivity of the rubber particles is observed, which is attributed to the phase separation mechanism. Connectivity of the rubber particles has a negative influence on both the mechanical properties and the rheological behavior.

Influence of Rubber Particle Size on Functional Properties of a Composite Material Based on Scrap Tires and a Polymer Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Laimonis Mālers ◽  
Agnija Cirvele
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Polymer Binder ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Purposeful Selection

Functional properties of composite material based on mechanically grinded scrap tires with different particle size of fractioned crumb and polyurethane type polymer binder were investigated to estimate influence of rubber particles size and content on composite material properties (Shore C hardness, compressive stress at 10 % deformation, tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break, apparent density). Optimization possibilities of composite material consisting of rubber particles with different sizes or fractions were investigated. The obtained results show that variation of composition of the composite material by changing size of rubber granulate have definite influence on selected properties of the material. Purposeful selection and mutual combination of rubber particles size included in material can ensure desirable and predictable mechanical properties of composite material.

Effect of Particle Sizes on Film Formation Behavior of Hevea brasiliensis Natural Rubber Latex

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nut Churinthorn ◽  
Adun Nimpaiboon ◽  
Jitladda Sakdapipanich ◽  
Chee Cheong Ho
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Individual Particles

Natural Rubber (NR) latex obtained from Hevea brasiliensis contains a wide particle size distribution. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of small rubber particles (SRP) and large rubber particles (LRP) on the characteristics of film formation. The rubber particle with different mean diameters can be separated by centrifugation at various speeds to prepare SRP and LRP latex. The average size of SRP and LRP were characterized by light scattering technique to show that the size of SRP was in the range of 0.20 μm, while that of LRP was larger with the wide distribution. SRP and LRP latex were dried at room temperature to study the film formation behaviors. The results showed that the film compaction time increased with increasing the particle size of NR. Furthermore, the rubber film were aged at room temperature for 3 weeks in order to observe the surface morphology using atomic forced microscopy (AFM) by tapping mode. The AFM images showed that SRP readily formed a coalescence film, while LRP showed individual particles on the surface of film at 24 h of storage time. The surface of both SRP and LRP films was smoother after storage. However, LRP film still showed individual particles on the surface after 3 weeks of storage time.

Study on Rubberized Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Stub Columns Under Axial Compression

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371-1380
Author(s):  
Yanhua Liu ◽  
Shiyu Tong ◽  
Qingxin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Stub Columns

In order to study the behavior of rubberized concrete-filled steel tubular (RuCFST) stub columns, an innovative composite member with steel tube and concrete filled with rubber particles was made. Twenty-four RuCFST stub columns were tested, in which six conventional CFST stub columns were prepared for comparison. The effects of changing rubber particle size (in the range of 1–2 mm and 2–5 mm) and rubber replacement ratio (0%, 10%, 20% replacement of sand) were made to discover the characteristics of the columns. The tested RuCFST stub columns displayed a local buckling similar to the conventional CFST stub columns. The tested results are compared with the predicted results of finite element analysis and the existing codes of CFST. Generally, the agreement between the predictions and results are reasonable.

Effect of rubber particle size on deformation mechanisms in glassy epoxy

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques N. Sultan ◽  
Frederick J. McGarry
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms

Investigations on Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Behavior of Aged and Ultrafine Grained Al-Zn-Mg Alloy Subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Wei Ping Hu ◽  
Si Yuan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu He ◽  
Zhen Yang Liu ◽  
Rolf Berghammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Ultrafine Grained

An aged Al-5Zn-1.6Mg alloy with fine η' precipitates was grain refined to ~100 nm grain size by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Microstructure evolution during SPD and mechanical behaviour after SPD of the alloy were characterized by electron microscopy and tensile, compression as well as nanoindentation tests. The influence of η' precipitates on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained Al-Zn-Mg alloy is discussed with respect to their effect on dislocation configurations and deformation mechanisms during processing of the alloy.

scholarly journals Preparation of Polyetherimide Nanoparticles by a Droplet Evaporation-Assisted Thermally Induced Phase-Separation Method

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Peng Zhu ◽  
Huapeng Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Droplet Evaporation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Thermally Induced Phase Separation ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Pei Nanoparticles

The droplet evaporation effect on the preparation of polyetherimide (PEI) nanoparticles by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) was studied. PEI nanoparticles were prepared in two routes. In route I, the droplet evaporation process was carried out after TIPS. In route II, the droplet evaporation and TIPS processes were carried out simultaneously. The surface tension and shape parameters of samples were measured via a drop shape analyzer. The Z-average particle diameter of PEI nanoparticles in the PEI/dimethyl sulfoxide solution (DMSO) suspension at different time points was tested by dynamic light scattering, the data from which was used to determine the TIPS time of the PEI/DMSO solution. The natural properties of the products from both routes were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that PEI nanoparticles prepared from route II are much smaller and more uniform than that prepared from route I. Circulation flows in the droplet evaporation were indirectly proved to suppress the growth of particles. At 30 °C, PEI solid nanoparticles with 193 nm average particle size, good uniformity, good separation and good roundness were obtained. Route I is less sensitive to temperature than route II. Samples in route I were still the accumulations of micro and nanoparticles until 40 °C instead of 30 °C in route II, although the particle size distribution was not uniform. In addition, a film structure would appear instead of particles when the evaporation temperature exceeds a certain value in both routes. This work will contribute to the preparation of polymer nanoparticles with small and uniform particle size by TIPS process from preformed polymers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Phase Separation on the Mechanical Behavior of the Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni High-Entropy Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6523
Author(s):  
Heling Liu ◽  
Chuanxiao Peng ◽  
Xuelian Li ◽  
Shenghai Wang ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Grain Boundary Sliding ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Critical Resolved Shear Stress

Phase separation phenomena in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted much attention since their discovery, but little attention has been given to the dynamics of the deformation mechanism of this kind of HEA during uniaxial tension, which limits their widespread and practical utility. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the effect of phase separation on the mechanical properties of an HEA under uniaxial tensile loading. Moreover, the associated deformation behavior of the Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni HEA was investigated at the nanoscale. Models with Cu-rich grain boundaries or grains were constructed. The results showed that Cu-rich grain boundaries or grains lowered the strength of the Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni HEA, and Cu-rich grain boundaries significantly reduced ductility. This change of mechanical properties was closely associated with a deformation behavior. Furthermore, the deformation behavior was affected by the critical resolved shear stress of Cu-rich and Cu-depleted regions and the uneven stress distribution caused by phase separation. In addition, dislocation slipping and grain boundary sliding were the main mechanisms of plastic deformation in the Co–Cr–Cu–Fe–Ni HEA.

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