scholarly journals Electrical current nanogeneration driven by spontaneous nanofluidic oscillations

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3144-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gimenez ◽  
M. Mercuri ◽  
C. L. A. Berli ◽  
M. G. Bellino
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Current ◽  
Mesoporous Films ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Capillary Infiltration

Here we describe how spontaneous nanofluidic oscillations from capillary infiltration in mesoporous films can be converted into small electrical currents.

Current Control of Structural and Physical Properties in Spin-Orbit- Coupled Mott Insulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
Gang Cao ◽  
Lance E. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Mott Insulators ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions

Electrical current as a means to control structural and related physical properties has been recognized only recently. The application of small electrical currents in sensitive detector and control applications, and in information technologies, is often preferable to other external stimuli. However, until recently it has not been widely accepted that electrical current can readily couple to the lattice, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom. Mounting experimental evidence has indicated that a combination of strong spin-orbit interactions and a distorted crystal structure in magnetic Mott insulators may be sufficient for electrical current to control structural and related properties. Current control of quantum states in 4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides has therefore rapidly expanded as a key research topic. This chapter presents two model systems, Ca2RuO4 and Sr2IrO4, in which applied current effectively controls the lattice, and thus the physical properties.

Structural changes and physical properties of Fe–Ni-based metallic glasses rapidly heated by pulsed electrical currents

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zaluski ◽  
A. Zaluska ◽  
M. Kopcewicz ◽  
R. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Metallic Glasses ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thermal Spike ◽  
Electrical Currents

Fe–Ni–Si–B metallic glasses have been annealed and crystallized using short electrical current pulses. Two types of electrical heat treatment have been used. The first one is an isothermal annealing treatment using a very high initial heating rate while the second one is a thermal spike applied on an amorphous sample held at various initial temperatures. The microstructure of the alloys after heat treatment has been characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The thermal and magnetic properties of the samples measured by DSC and hysteresis loop tracer have been studied after the various heat treatments and correlated with the microstructure of the alloys. The crystallization at high temperatures produces the gamma phase only, while at low temperatures, a mixture of the gamma and alpha phases (the alpha phase being predominant) is usually observed. The samples initially held at liquid nitrogen temperature and heat treated with a thermal spike remain amorphous and show improved magnetic properties (lower coercive field and higher induction at saturation) without loss of ductility.

Design of the Cochlear Prosthesis: Effects of the Flow of Current in the Implanted Ear

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis A. Spelman ◽  
Ben M. Clopton ◽  
Bryan E. Pfingst ◽  
Josef M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Dependence ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Cochlear Prosthesis ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Threshold Functions

When structures within the temporal bone are stimulated electrically it is desirable to maximize the dynamic range of the stimulus. The maximum dynamic range of electrical stimulus seems to be found when the threshold of stimulation is minimum. The minimum threshold of stimulus is likely to be reached when the electrical current that flows through regions containing excitable cells is maximized. By implanting electrodes throughout the temporal bone, it is possible to apply electrical currents to the ear and to measure the distributions of current flowing within the ear. The results of these measurements demonstrate that when current flow is directed outside the scala tympani, lower thresholds can be obtained. Frequency dependence of the paths of current flow canot be used to explain the frequency dependence of the frequency-threshold functions measured in animals.

New adaptive controller method for SMA hysteresis modelling of a morphing wing

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (1151) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Grigorie ◽  
R. M. Botez
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Cooling Phase ◽  
Experimental Values

Abstract A neuro-fuzzy controller method for smart material actuator (SMA) hysteresis modelling is presented, conceived for a morphing wing application. The controller correlates each set of forces and electrical currents that are applied to the smart material actuators with the actuator elongation. The actuator is experimentally tested for four forces, using a variable electrical current. The final controller is obtained through the Matlab/Simulink integration of three independent neuro-fuzzy controllers, designed for the increase and decrease of electrical current, and for null electrical current in the cooling phase of the actuator. This final controller gives a very small error with respect to the experimental values.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON CURRENT RESEARCH TRENDS IN ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Idham Alzaidi ◽  
Azli Yahya ◽  
Mohammad Rava ◽  
Tan Tian Swee ◽  
Norhalimah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Microvascular Surgery ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Type Of Surgery

The use of electrosurgery (also referred to as radiosurgery) is a type of surgery that uses electrical currents in order to perform the surgery. This type of surgery dates back to more than 100 years. For over five decades, different reviews have been conducted in the field of electrosurgery. This has led to a dramatic increase in interest in electrosurgery, resulting to an incredible intervention in microvascular surgery that has provoked the most noteworthy use of radio frequency instruments. The controlled and exact use of these radio frequency electrical current on delicate tissue sites to be cut is accomplished by methods for deliberately composed anodes. This is a persistently advancing field with dynamic research going on in various new applications. There are different sorts of surgery, which can be delivered with high recurrence instruments such as Diathermy, Bipolar, and Monopolar. This paper performs a systematic review by extracting information from a wide variety of research papers in electrosurgery topics. The purpose of a systematic review is to classify and categorize the field of electrosurgery in an unbiased way, listing the current existing trends in electrosurgery, can lead to the classification and understanding of electrosurgery as a whole, and to predict the future direction of the field by analyzing the research interest over the last couple of years.

scholarly journals EVALUACIÓN DE LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A LA CORROSIÓN DE PARES GALVÁNICOS DE AMALGAMAS DE PLATA CON ALEACIONES DENTALES Ni-Cr EN SALIVA ARTIFICIAL USANDO EL MÉTODO DE EVANS Y LAS FÓRMULAS DE MANSFELD

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electrochemical Potential ◽  
Dental Alloys ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
High Copper ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Galvanic Pairs

EVALUACIÓN DE LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A LA CORROSIÓN DE PARES GALVÁNICOS DE AMALGAMAS DE PLATA CON ALEACIONES DENTALES Ni-Cr EN SALIVA ARTIFICIAL USANDO EL MÉTODO DE EVANS Y LAS FÓRMULAS DE MANSFELD EVALUATION OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CORROSION OF GALVANIC PAIRS OF AMALGAMS OF SILVER WITH DENTAL ALLOYS OF NI-CR IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA USING THE METHOD OF EVANS AND THE FORMULAS OF MANSFELD Elvar QuezadaCastillo, Bertha Quezada Alván DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2009.0002/ RESUMEN La corrosión galvánica es un proceso de disolución metálica que se produce cuando dos metales de distinto potencial electroquímico se sumergen en un electrolito, originando corrientes eléctricas entre los metales a través del medio conductor. En la restauración de piezas dentales perdidas o deterioradas se usan frecuentemente diferentes aleaciones, quedando la boca expuesta a corrientes eléctricas que circulan a través de la saliva y los fluidos dentarios. En el presente trabajo se utilizaron el método de Evans y las fórmulas de corrección de Mansfeld para evaluar la susceptibilidad a la corrosión de pares galvánicos de amalgamas de plata con aleaciones dentales Ni-Cr en saliva artificial, encontrándose que los más resistentes son los pares formados entre amalgamas de plata de alto cobre con aleaciones Ni-Cr que contienen berilio, y que los productos de corrosión liberados en mayor cantidad al medio electrolítico contienen iones de Hg, Ag, Ni y Cr. Palabras clave: Aleaciones, amalgamas, corrosión, pares galvánicos, saliva artificial, polarización. ABSTRACT Galvanic corrosion is a process of metallic dissolution that takes place when two metals of different electrochemical potential are submerged in an electrolyte, so originating electrical current between metals through conductor environment. For restoration of lost or deteriorated dental pieces different alloys are used frequently, then mouth is exposed to electrical currents that circulate through the saliva and dental fluids. In the present work the method of Evans and the formulas of correction of Mansfeld were used to evaluate the susceptibility to corrosion of galvanic pairs of amalgams of silver of high copper with Ni-Cr alloys that contain beryllium, and that products of corrosion released in greater amount to electrolytic environment contain ions of Hg, Ag, Ni and Cr. Keywords: Alloys, amalgams, corrosion, galvanic pairs, artificial saliva, polarization.

The effects of minute direct electrical currents on cultured chick embryo trigeminal ganglia

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Betty F. Sisken ◽  
Stephen D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cellular Types

The effects of low levels of electric current were determined on organ cultures of 6- to 19-day-old chick embryo trigeminal ganglia. Current levels ranged from 0·00115 to 11·5 nA/mm2; the time of electrical treatment varied from 2 h to 96 h. Low levels of electricity were found to have at least three major effects on this system of mixed cellular types: (1) Outgrowth of nerve fibers from the explant was enriched. This resulted in a greater number of fibers which were longer and more highly branched than those in control cultures. (2) Survival of neurons within the original explanted ganglion was enhanced by treatment with electricity. The presence of healthy neurons was found in 93·1 % of the treated culturesand in 53·5 % of untreated cultures. (3) Neurons, fibers and non-neural cells were stimulated to grow in the direction of the cathode. The rate of cathodal migration was calculated to be 0·1 mm/h (2·4 mm/day) in an explant from 12-day-old embryo. No differences were observed between surviving treated and control cultures in histochemical tests for acetycholinesterase. A similarity between the action of low levels of electrical current and nerve growth factor (NGF) is suggested.

Enhanced stress relaxation of Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu solder by electrical current

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Liu ◽  
Qingsheng Zhu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zhongguang Wang ◽  
Jian Ku Shang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Vacancy Concentration ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Dislocation Glide ◽  
Reliability Of Solder Joints ◽  
Relaxation Responses

The stress relaxation responses of the Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu joints following exposure to electrical currents were examined to investigate the effect of electromigration on the reliability of solder joints. It was found that the stress relaxation rate was enhanced for the Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu solder joints subjected to a current density of 2 × 104 A/cm2. Sn hillock formation was observed in situ on the surface of the solder joint and the increase of the hillock volume was obtained as a function of the current application time. Analysis of the vacancy flux indicated that the variations of the vacancy concentration with the electromigration time from the calculations agreed with the growth kinetics of the hillocks observed in the experiments. By modeling the stress relaxation as a climb-assisted dislocation glide process, it is shown that the vacancy accumulation induced by electromigration enhanced the dislocation climb rate, resulting in a large increase of the stress relaxation rate.

TENS equipment, techniques, and biophysical principles

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Nerve Impulses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nociceptive Information

The purpose of the electrical current delivered during TENS is to generate nerve impulses in peripheral nerve fibres to modulate the flow of nociceptive information and reduce pain. The characteristics of the electrical currents (i.e. stimulating parameters) and physiology at the electrode–skin interface will influence which nerve fibres are excited. Conventional TENS and acupuncture-like TENS are two techniques developed to stimulate different types of nerve fibres. The purpose of this chapter is to overview the biophysical principles of TENS and to explain how these principles have been used to inform clinical practice by covering TENS equipment and the standard TENS device, the electrical characteristics of currents produced by a standard TENS device, lead wires and electrodes, the physiology at the electrode–skin interface including nerve fibre activation by TENS, and TENS techniques used in clinical practice, including conventional TENS and acupuncture-like TENS (AL-TENS).

Mechanical Induced Defects and Fractures in the Silicon Solar Cell Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 592-593 ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Macků ◽  
Pavel Koktavý ◽  
Jiří Šicner ◽  
Vladimir Holcman
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Solar Cell ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Electrical Noise ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Local Overheating ◽  
Solar Cell Structure ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Induced Defects

Presented research is involved in excess electrical currents created when the silicon material contains cracks and fractures. We performed transport characteristics measurements and electrical noise measurement as well as sample visible and deep infra-red imaging. It turns out that mechanical induced defects are followed by specific electric characteristics. We observe crack-related local breakdowns and local overheating. It is also followed by the electrical current fluctuation in the 1/fform. All regions are thermally but also electrically stressed and the irreversible sample degradation originates. It could be pointed out that our detection methods are very sensitive and they could be also used for analyses of different materials.

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