scholarly journals The chemical composition of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Fensom ◽  
G. W. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Hydroxy Acids ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Residual Material ◽  
Lipid Moiety

1. Lipopolysaccharide was isolated from both cell walls and acetone-dried whole cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (N.C.T.C. 1999). 2. Closely similar products are obtained, although that from whole cells cannot be completely freed from small amounts (2–7%) of residual nucleic acids. 3. The lipid moiety (23–33%) has a similar amino sugar backbone to that of lipids of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides, but contains different hydroxy acids (2- and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid). 3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid is absent, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid is the main N-acylating acid. No clear evidence permitting a distinction between the possibilities that phosphodiester or glycosidic linkages exist between the glucosamine residues was obtained. 4. Identifiable sugars (glucose, rhamnose, 3-deoxy-2-octulonic acid and heptose) account for less than 20% of the lipopolysaccharide, and alanine, galactosamine and fucosamine are apparently components of the polysaccharide moiety. 5. The polysaccharide moiety is unusual in that it is not readily obtained from the lipopolysaccharide by treatment with dilute acetic acid, which does, however, solubilize much of the phosphorus of the lipopolysaccharide. 6. The ‘polysaccharide’ fraction (approx. 21%) obtained by treatment with dilute acetic acid contains only a small proportion of the total polysaccharide components, and in one case only 45% of the fraction was accountable for in terms of identifiable components. 7. Evidence suggests that unidentified nitrogenous components are concentrated in the residual material after removal of both the lipid and the ‘polysaccharide’ fraction from the lipopolysaccharide.

scholarly journals 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucofuranurono-6,3-lactam from the hydrolysate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa P14 lipopolysaccharide

1983 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Okuda ◽  
N Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Acetyl Derivative ◽  
Spectral Analyses ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Whole Cells

An unknown amino sugar, U-7, which had been detected in the hydrolysate of the polysaccharide fraction (F-A) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa P14 lipopolysaccharide, was isolated from the hydrolysate of whole cells of this micro-organism and converted into the N-acetyl derivative (U-7NAc). On the basis of i.r.-absorption spectrometry, 13C-n.m.r. and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the structure of compound U-7NAc was identified as 2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxyhexofuranurono-6,3-lactam. The configuration of compound U-7NAc was then unequivocally identified as 2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucofuranurono-6,3-lactam by comparing the synthetic and natural compounds. Compound U-7 and synthetic 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucofuranurono-6,3-lactam showed the same behaviour on chromatography. G.l.c.-mass-spectral analyses of fraction F-A and synthetic 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucuronic acid after methanolyses and trimethylsilylations showed the presence of the same derivative. It was concluded that the amino sugar U-7 was produced from the 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucuronic acid residue present in fraction F-A.

scholarly journals The chemical composition of rumen bacteria and cell walls from rumen bacteria

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Hoogenraad ◽  
F. J. R. Hird
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Alanine Racemase ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Peptide Linkage

1. Rumen bacteria were prepared in bulk from freshly killed sheep. They were exposed to ultrasonic disintegration and a preparation of cell walls was made by differential centrifugation.2. The amino acid composition of acid hydrolysates of whole cells and cell walls was determined. Summation of these results shows that whole cells contained approximately 40% amino acids and cell walls approximately 30%.3. A considerable proportion of the alanine content of cell walls was present as the D-isomer, partly ester linked as in teichoic acids and partly more tightly bound in ‘peptide linkage’ being released only after hydrolysis in constant boiling hydrochloric acid.4. Cell walls were found to possess an alanine racemase which was inactivated only after incubation of the cell walls in 0.1 M-NaOH.5. Whole cells contained approximately 8% carbohydrates and cell walls approximately 5%. The glucose and galactose contents of whole cells and cell walls were low, accounting for little more than 2% of the dry weight of the bacterial samples.6. The amino sugar content of bacterial samples was approximately 3% and consisted mainly of glucosamine.7. The total lipid content of rumen bacteria was approximately 25% and that of cell walls varied considerably between 10 and 23%.

scholarly journals Use of Whole Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Synthesis of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol via Conversion of Tyrosol

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2105-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Allouche ◽  
M. Damak ◽  
R. Ellouz ◽  
S. Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Resting Cell ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT For the first time, a soil bacterium, designated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was isolated based on its ability to grow on tyrosol as a sole source of carbon and energy. During growth on tyrosol, this strain was capable of promoting the formation of a significant amount of hydroxytyrosol and trace quantities of parahydroxyphenyl acetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid. The products were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Using an optimized tyrosol concentration of 2 g liter−1, the maximal hydroxytyrosol yield (80%) was achieved after a 7-h reaction in a growth experiment. To enhance the formation of hydroxytyrosol and prevent its degradation, a resting-cell method using P. aeruginosa was performed. The growth state of the culture utilized for biomass production, the carbon source on which the biomass was grown, the concentration of the biomass, and the amount of tyrosol that was treated were optimized. The optimal yield of hydroxytyrosol (96%) was obtained after a 7-h reaction using 4 g of tyrosol liter−1 and 5 g of cells liter−1 pregrown on tyrosol and harvested at the end of the exponential phase. This proposed procedure is an alternative approach to obtain hydroxytyrosol in an environmentally friendly way. In addition, the reaction is easy to perform and can be adapted to a bioreactor for industrial purposes.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants from Algerian Semi-Arid Climatic Zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S155-S163 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mehalaine ◽  
O. Belfadel ◽  
T. Menasria ◽  
A. Messaili
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Thymus Algeriensis

The present study was carried out to determine, for the first time, the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils derived from the aerial parts of three aromatic plants Thymus algeriensis Boiss & Reut, Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Salvia officinalis L. growing under semiarid conditions. The essential oils were chemically analyzed and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and their antimicrobial activity was individually evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using both agar disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The major constituents of Thymus algeriensis essential oil were identified as camphor (13.62%), 1,8-cineol (6.00%), borneol (5.74%), viridiflorol (4.00%), and linalool (3.93%). For Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil, 48 compounds were characterized, of which the main constituents were camphor (17.09%), Z-β-ocimene (10.88%), isoborneol (9.68%), α-bisabolol (7.89%), and borneol (5.11%). While, Salvia officinalis essential oil was characterized by β-thujone (16.44%), followed by viridiflorol (10.93%), camphor (8.99%), 1,8-cineol (8.11%), trans-caryophyllene (5.85%), and α-humulene (4.69%) as the major components. Notably, results from antibacterial screening indicated that Thymus algeriensis and Salvia officinalis essential oils exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. Further, less activity was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the three tested essential oils.

Effect of rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule components on the growth and survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Modrzakowski ◽  
D. Dosch-Meier ◽  
R. L. Hodinka
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay ◽  
Enhancement Property

Granule contents from rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils were prepared by extraction with 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 4.0), dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0), and tested for bactericidal activity against selected target bacteria. Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and a series of progressively rough lipopolysaccharide outer membrane mutants derived from it were used to monitor antimicrobial activity. Although an antimicrobial potential was present in rat granule contents for S. typhimurium, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 in antimicrobial assay mixtures containing rat granule contents was substantially enhanced over control values. The growth enhancement property of the granule protein was heat resistant and promoted increased oxygen consumption by whole cells.

scholarly journals Composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. W. Brown ◽  
J. H. Scott Foster ◽  
J. R. Clamp
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Polysaccharide Fraction ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. The slime produced by eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a number of different media was demonstrated to be qualitatively the same. Small quantitative differences may be occasioned by differences in the extraction procedure, the growth medium or the strain of organism used. 2. The slime was shown to be predominantly polysaccharide with some nucleic acid material and a small amount of protein. 3. The hydrolysed polysaccharide fraction consists mainly of glucose with smaller amounts of mannose. This accounts for some 50–60% of the total slime. In addition, there is some 5% of hyaluronic acid. The nucleic acid material represents approx. 20% of the total weight, and is composed of both RNA and DNA. 4. Minor components are protein, rhamnose and glucosamine, the protein being less than 5% of the total. 5. Hyaluronic acid is produced in greater quantities from nutrient broth than from chemically defined media, and is more firmly attached to the cells than the other components.

scholarly journals The extraction of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with aqueous phenol. The insoluble residue and material from the aqueous layers

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Clarke ◽  
G. W. Gray ◽  
D. A. Reaveley
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Residue Fraction

1. The insoluble residue and material present in the aqueous layers resulting from treatment of cell walls of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with aqueous phenol were examined. 2. The products (fractions AqI and AqII) isolated from the aqueous layers from the first and second extractions respectively account for approx. 25% and 12% of the cell wall and consist of both lipopolysaccharide and muropeptide. 3. The lipid part of the lipopolysaccharide is qualitatively similar to the corresponding material (lipid A) from other Gram-negative organisms, as is the polysaccharide part. 4. The insoluble residue (fraction R) contains sacculi, which also occur in fraction AqII. On hydrolysis, the sacculi yield glucosamine, muramic acid, alanine, glutamic acid and 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, together with small amounts of lysine, and they are therefore similar to the murein sacculi of other Gram-negative organisms. Fraction R also contains substantial amounts of protein, which differs from that obtained from the phenol layer. 5. The possible association or aggregation of lipopolysaccharide, murein and murein sacculi is discussed.

The influence of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel J. J. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Sister Chromatids

It is well known that there is a strong influence of fixation, i.e., acetic methanol versus formaldehyde, on the chromosome morphology at stages of the first meiotic division. In this study the influence of both these types of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes was examined in human lymphocytes. After methanol – acetic acid (3:1) fixation, the chromosomes show the "classical" condensed shape in which it is not always possible to recognize the two sister chromatids. These chromosomes are accessible to the conventional G-, R-, and C-banding techniques. After formaldehyde fixation at a relatively high pH, the chromosomes are thinner and longer (two to six times) when compared with chromosomes following methanol – acetic acid fixation. They show a scaffold-like morphology, sometimes with a halo of thin material around it. In all cases the two sister chromatids could be recognized. This chromosome structure could be easily stained with silver, Giemsa, 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl-indole (DAPI), and fluorescein isocyanate isomere 1 (FITC). The results obtained following these stainings gave no indication to any specific chemical composition of a probable central scaffold. The scaffold-like structures were not accessible to G-, R-, or C-banding techniques. The only effect observed following these banding techniques was the disappearance of the halo of thin material around the central scaffold-like structure.Key words: chromosome structure, fixation influence, human lymphocytes.

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