scholarly journals Novel and classical renal biomarkers as evidence for the nephroprotective effect of Carica papaya leaf extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtsam Gheith ◽  
Abubakr El-Mahmoudy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tissue Samples

The present study is aimed at utilization of novel and classical kidney function biomarkers to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) in gentamicin nephrotoxicity model in albino rats. The used classical biomarkers were urea and creatinine; while the new biomarkers were Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and Clusterin. Forty-five male albino rats were assigned into five groups and subjected to different treatments for nine consecutive days (vehicles; gentamicin, 100 mg/kg, subcutaneously; ascorbic acid, 200 mg/kg, orally; CPLE, 150 and 300 mg/kg b wt., orally). Three rats/group were killed on days 3, 6, and 9 for blood and tissue samples for renal and oxidation markers. Gentamicin resulted in significant increase in urea and creatinine only by the end of the experimental course; while the novel biomarkers were evident as early as 3 days upon gentamicin injection. When concurrently administered with gentamicin, CPLE significantly protected kidney tissues against gentamicin nephrotoxic effects indicated by decrement of both the novel and the classical standard biomarkers, in a dose-dependent manner. CPLE-mediated protection was attributed to its antioxidant potential indicated by significant inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both serum and kidney homogenates. The results were further supported by histopathological examination that revealed considerable amelioration of the pathological microscopic alterations induced by repeated gentamicin injection. Phytochemical analysis of CPLE indicated presence of tannins and flavonoids. These data may suggest CPLE, based on improvement of both classical and novel renal markers, as a highly potent nephroprotective and antioxidant from natural source that could be a good remedy in conditions associated with renal disorders.

scholarly journals Hemogram and iron indices in renal anemia and the amelioration with Carica papaya leaf extract applied on albino rat model

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtsam Gheith ◽  
Abubakr El-Mahmoudy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Iron Binding ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Iron Binding Capacity

AbstractThe present study was designed to look at the hematological disorders in gentamicin nephrotoxicity model, as kidney is considered as one of the hemopoietic organs. In a previous study, novel and classical kidney injury biomarkers were utilized to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) in the same model in albino rats. Gentamicin (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously, for 21 consecutive days) resulted in significant decreases in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration (HGB), and packed cell volume (PCV) value, with minimal alterations in erythrocytic indices. Leucogram showed leukocytosis, granulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Erythropoietin (EPO) levels were also drastically decreased by the end of the experimental course. Serum iron, unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation %, and serum transferrin concentration values were significantly decreased in contrast to ferritin, which was increased. When concurrently administered with gentamicin, CPLE (150 and 300 mg/kg, orally via gastric tube, for 21 days) significantly protected against the drastic effects of the former on the blood profile with improving potentials on erythrogram, leukogram, thrombocytes, EPO, iron and its indices, in a dose-dependent manner. These data may suggest CPLE as an appreciated blood homeostatic and nephroprotective agent from a natural source that could be a good remedy in conditions associated with blood disorders.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ola-Awe Ayomide Micheal ◽  
Fatile Omotola Grace
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The present study investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of Mucuna pruriens leaf extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Restoration of both biochemical and histopathological alterations established the fact that M. pruriens is a potent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective plant, thereby giving credence to the potential usefulness of its leaf extract in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and effects of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Meytenus senengalensis (Lam) on Castor-oil Induced Diarrhoea in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kyari Abba Sanda ◽  
Umar Kyari Sandabe ◽  
Ibrahim Bulama ◽  
Mohammed ‎Babakura ◽  
Hanna Madziga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Accumulation

Abstract Meytenus senengalensis (Lam). Ethanol leaf extract was investigated for its phytochemical contents as well as anti-diarrhoea effects. The ethanol leaf extract which is normally used in folkloric medicine was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Graded doses of the extract (200, 400 and 800 mg per kg) were administered orally to the three groups of rats (n = 5) before induction of diarrhoea with castor oil. Another two groups of animals were treated with normal saline (control) and loperamide, a conventional anti-diarrhoea drug respectively. Gastro-intestinal transit of charcoal meal and gastro-intestinal enteropooling with the same graded doses of the ethanol leaf extract were used for comparison. The extract produced a significant inhibition of the castor oil induced diarrhoea. The gastro-intestinal transit of charcoal meal was also reduced by the various graded doses of the extract used in this study. However, the intestinal fluid accumulation was only slightly reduced by 400 mg/kg dose of the extract. The phytochemical analysis of the ethanol leaf extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as   carbohydrates, cardenolides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The findings suggest that, the ethanol leaf extract of M. senengalensis possesses antidiarrhoeal effect, which could be related to inhibition of gastro-intestinal motility and secretion.  

Hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles trigger oxidative stress by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110028
Author(s):  
F Kar ◽  
İ Söğüt ◽  
C Hacıoğlu ◽  
Y Göncü ◽  
H Şenturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanoparticles

Background: Hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBN NPs) are encouraging nanomaterials with unique chemical properties in medicine and biomedical fields. Until now, the optimal hBN NP’s dosage and biochemical mechanism that can be used for in vivo systems has not been fully revealed. The main aim of this article is to reveal characteristics, serum and tissue interactions and any acute cytotoxic effect of different dose of hBN NPs for the first time. Methods: hBN NPs at concentrations varying between 50–3200 µg/kg was administered by intravenous injection to Wistar albino rats (n = 80) divided into seven dosage and control groups. Blood and tissue samples were taken after 24 hours. Results: Our findings suggested that higher doses hBN NPs caused oxidative stress on the serum of rats dose-dependently. However, hBN NPs did not affect thiol/disulfide homeostasis on kidney, liver, spleen, pancreas and heart tissue of rats. Furthermore, hBN NPs increased serum disulfide formation by disrupting the thiol/disulfide balance in rats. Also, LOOH and MPO levels increased at high doses, while CAT levels decreased statistically. Conclusion: The results revealed that hBN NPs induce oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in rats at higher concentrations

scholarly journals Biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney in male Wistar albino rats following exposure to Solignum®: a permethrincontaining wood preservative

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu ◽  
Iniobong A. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The present investigation was aimed to determine the effect of sub-chronic exposure to Solignum<sup>®</sup>, a permethrin-containing wood preservative on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three treatment concentrations containing 8 rats each. The treatment groups were exposed to Solignum<sup>®</sup> at dose rates of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively per day orally for four weeks. Data obtained from the study showed a progressive increase in the body weight of rats in control whereas, rats treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Solignum<sup>®</sup> decreased significantly (≤0.05) especially at the end of the second and fourth week when compared with control. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the relative liver weights of rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BW Solignum<sup>®</sup> while rats treated with 400 mg/kg BW showed a significant increase when compared with control. The relative weight of kidneys in experimental groups increased significantly when compared with control. Biochemical analysis results illustrated that there was a significant increase in marker enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the fourth week. Similarly, total bilirubin, serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>) levels increased in a dose dependent manner in treated rats when compared with untreated control group. Serum total protein decreased significantly in experimental rats when compared with control. However, cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant difference when compared with control. Histopathological examination of hepatocytes in treated rats was characterized by mild periportal inflammatory cells and cytoplasmic degeneration. Furthermore, histopathological examination of rat kidneys revealed inflammatory cells, congested vessel and interstitial hemorrhage in rats treated with Solignum<sup>®</sup>. Therefore, this present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials associated with sub-chronic exposure to the commercial pesticide Solignum<sup>®</sup>.

scholarly journals Phytoconstituents Isolation and Hepatoprotective Activity Potential of Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 573-581
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Prabhu ◽  
Ronald Fernandes ◽  
K. Adarsha Govinda
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plant Chemical

Objective: To isolate and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude ethanolic leaf extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Methods: The leaves of Averrhoa bilimbi were extracted by cold maceration using ethanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Plant chemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized by IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and mass spectroscopic values. Albino rats were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude ethanol extract and the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant paracetamol. Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as bilirubin were measured along with histopathological examination. Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies shown the presence of n-docosanoic acid and beta sitosterol from petroleum extract and from ethyl acetate a flavonoid apigenin.The ethanol extract suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (P=0.05) in the aforementioned doses. Maximum hepatoprotective activity was observed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably with the presence its chemical constituents like sterols,flavonoids and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of efficacy of Carica papaya leaf extracts to increase platelet count in hydroxyurea induced thrombocytopenia in Albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
M. Santhosh Kumar ◽  
Geetha M. ◽  
Mansi J. Shah ◽  
Malvika Goyal ◽  
Srinivas L. D.
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Commercial Extract ◽  
Rbc Count

Background: Dengue is an infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Being a viral disease, there is no specific drug available for treatment. There are some reports that Carica papaya leaf extract may improve the clinical condition of dengue patients. However, to support this, at present, there is no systematically searched and synthesized evidence available. Hence this study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of commercial preparation of Carica papaya leaves with freshly prepared Carica papaya leaf extracted.Methods: 48 albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six each. Thrombocytopenia was induced by giving hydroxyurea (15mg/kg) orally. Group I and II served as saline and toxic control group respectively. Other six groups were given two different doses of either commercial extract or fresh extract orally for five days. 1ml of blood was withdrawn at baseline,3rd and 6th day of the study. Platelet, WBC, RBC count, clotting and bleeding time were determined.Results: Mean platelet count increased significantly on day 6 in both low dose (2.06 to 4.93lakh/mm3) and human equivalent dose (2.73 to 7.66lakh/mm3) of commercial extract groups compared to the toxic control group (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean platelet count increased significantly for human equivalent dose in fresh leaf extract group (3.17 to 4.69lakh/mm3) but the increase in low dose fresh extract (3.28 to 3.76lakh/mm3) was not significant. There was no significant rise in mean platelets count, mean RBC count, WBC count, decrease in mean bleeding and clotting time between commercial extract and fresh leaf extract group for both low dose and human equivalent dose.Conclusions: Efficacy of fresh leaf extract of Carica papaya was not inferior to commercial available preparation. Fresh Carica papaya leaf extract no doubt offers a potential therapeutic efficacy which is cost effective, more affordable and accessible treatment in patients with thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens leaves ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ayomide Micheal Ola-Awe ◽  
Omotola Grace Fatile
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens (L.) has been used for the treatment of several ailments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of its leaves extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Results Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Extract of M. pruriens leaves restored deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney with similar potency to silymarin. Hence, leaf extract of M. pruriens is a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and expression of kidney injury molecule 1 in the rat model

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Özlem Öztopuz ◽  
◽  
Hakan Türkön ◽  
Müşerref Hilal Şehitoğlu ◽  
Başak Büyük ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tnf Α

In recent years, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has been considered as an effective method for the treatment of gentamicin (GM)-induced renal toxicity. However, the findings related to the use of HBO2 for GM toxicity are limited and contradictory. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of HBO2 on GM-induced nephrotoxicity. For this purpose, Wistar albino rats (n=28) were randomly divided into four equal groups: C, HBO2, GM and GM+HBO2. GM (100 mg/kg, ip) and HBO2 were applied over seven days. On the eighth day blood and kidney tissue samples were harvested. The albumin, creatinine, and urea levels were determined from serum samples. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) values were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The relative expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β and Kim-1 gene were determined by qRT-PCR assays; histopathologic investigation was completed in kidney tissue samples. Serum urea, albumin and creatinine levels significantly increased in the GM group compared to the GM+HBO2 group. For antioxidant parameters the GM+HBO2 group was not statistically different from the C group but was significantly different compared with the GM group. TNF-α, IL-1β and Kim-1 gene expression levels in the GM group were statistically increased compared to the GM+HBO2 group (p=0.015, p=0.024, p=0.004) respectively. Severe tubular necrosis, epithelial desquamation and mild peritubular hemorrhage were observed in the GM-administrated group, while HBO2 exposure ameliorated these alterations. In conclusion, HBO2 exposure may be defined as a potential method for the prevention of GM-induced renal toxicity.

scholarly journals Curative Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Stem Bark Extracts of Vitex doniana on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Sulaiman ◽  
Daniel Dahiru ◽  
Mahmoud S. Jada ◽  
Ahmed I. Hayatu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vitex Doniana

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the number one cause of mortality at the global level, representing 30% of all global deaths. Therefore, finding ways to reduce deaths due to CVDs remain an important public health goal. Traditional healers in northern Nigeria use the stem bark of Vitex doniana to treat hypertensive patients. This study was aimed to investigate the cardiocurative potential of Vitex doniana on doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty five (35) adult Albino rats weighing 175 ± 25 g were used, of which 30 were induced with cardiotoxicity by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. Rats were treated by oral administration of Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and Vitex doniana aqueous or ethanol extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days and thereafter were sacrificed on the 15th day. Blood, plasma and serum were analyzed for lipid profile and serum markers for cardiotoxicity. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids and glycosides. Oral treatment with Vitex doniana extracts significantly (p<0.05) lowered the elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL but significantly (p<0.05) increased the level of HDL (18.61 ± 0.55 mg/dl to 57.98 ± 0.78 mg/dl). The extracts also significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of serum marker enzymes for cardiotoxicity ALT, AST, CK – mb and LDH. Conclusion: The prophylactic cardiocurative use of Vitex doniana stem bark has been confirmed in this study as the extracts exhibited hypolipidemic and cardiocurative effects in dose dependent manner in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rat model.

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