scholarly journals The emerging role of circular RNAs in breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-ying Zhou ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Su-jin Yang ◽  
Zi-han Xu ◽  
Jia-hua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rnase R ◽  
New Class ◽  
Regulatory Rnas ◽  
And Function

AbstractBreast cancer (BCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and leading cause of cancer deaths among females worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous regulatory RNAs characterized by circular shape resulting from covalently closed continuous loops that are capable of regulating gene expression at transcription or post-transcription levels. With the unique structures, circRNAs are resistant to exonuclease RNase R and maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. Recently, an increasing number of circRNAs are discovered and reported to show different expression in BCa and these dysregulated circRNAs were correlated with patients’ clinical characteristics and grade in the progression of BCa. CircRNAs participate in the bioprocesses of carcinogenesis of BCa, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, tumorigenesis, vascularization, cell invasion, migration as well as metastasis. Here we concentrated on biogenesis and function of circRNAs, summarized their implications in BCa and discussed their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for BCa.

scholarly journals Regulation of Breast Cancer and Bone Metastasis by MicroRNAs

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 369-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vimalraj ◽  
P. J. Miranda ◽  
B. Ramyakrishna ◽  
N. Selvamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
And Function

Breast cancer progression including bone metastasis is a complex process involving numerous changes in gene expression and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting protein-coding mRNAs posttranscriptionally, often affecting a number of gene targets simultaneously. Alteration in expression of miRNAs is common in human breast cancer, possessing with either oncogenic or tumor suppressive activity. The expression and the functional role of several miRNAs (miR-206, miR-31, miR-27a/b, miR-21, miR-92a, miR-205, miR-125a/b, miR-10b, miR-155, miR-146a/b, miR-335, miR-204, miR-211, miR-7, miR-22, miR-126, and miR-17) in breast cancer has been identified. In this review we summarize the experimentally validated targets of up- and downregulated miRNAs and their regulation in breast cancer and bone metastasis for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals The role of circRNAs in cancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ping Zhu ◽  
Yun-Jie He ◽  
Jun-Chen Hou ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Si-Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Evaluation ◽  
Regulate Gene

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently regarded as a naturally forming family of widespread and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that may regulate gene expression in mammals. At present, above 30000 circRNAs have already been found, with their unique structures to maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. Several previous literatures stressed on the important role of circRNAs, whose expression was relatively correlated with patients’ clinical characteristics and grade, in the carcinogenesis of cancer. CircRNAs are involved in many regulatory bioprocesses of malignance, including cell cycle, tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, vascularization, through adsorbing RNA as a sponge, binding to RNA-binding protein (RBP), modulating transcription, or influencing translation. Therefore, it is inevitable to further study the interactions between circRNAs and tumors and to develop novel circRNAs as molecular markers or potential targets, which will provide promising applications in early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, prognosis prediction of tumors and even gene therapy for tumors.

scholarly journals The Emerging Roles of circFOXO3 in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Rao ◽  
Chengpeng Yu ◽  
Jiaqi Sheng ◽  
Enjun Lv ◽  
Wenjie Huang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rnase R ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Disease Specificity ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Closed Structure

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs which are mainly formed by reverse splicing of precursor mRNAs. They are relatively stable and resistant to RNase R because of their covalently closed structure without 5’ caps or 3’ poly-adenylated tails. CircRNAs are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells and show tissue, timing, and disease specificity. Recent studies have found that circRNAs play an important role in many diseases. In particular, they affect the proliferation, invasion and prognosis of cancer by regulating gene expression. CircRNA Forkhead box O3 (circFOXO3) is a circRNA confirmed to be abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, bladder cancer, and breast cancer, etc. At present, the feature of circFOXO3 as a molecular sponge is widely studied to promote or inhibit the development of cancers. However, the diverse functions of circFOXO3 have not been fully understood. Hence, it is important to review the roles of circFOXO3 in cancers. This review has summarized and discussed the roles and molecular mechanism of circFOXO3 and its target genes in these cancers, which can help to enrich our understanding to the functions of circRNAs and carry out subsequent researches on circFOXO3.

scholarly journals Hsa_circ_0005273 facilitates breast cancer tumorigenesis by regulating YAP1-hippo signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehui Wang ◽  
Changle Ji ◽  
Jiashu Hu ◽  
Xiaochong Deng ◽  
Wenfang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Hippo Signaling Pathway ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of endogenous RNAs, have shown to participate in the development of breast cancer (BC). Hsa_circ_0005273 is a circRNA generated from several exons of PTK2. However, the potential functional role of hsa_circ_0005273 in BC remains largely unknown. Here we aim to evaluate the role of hsa_circ_0005273 in BC. Methods The expression level of hsa_circ_0005273 and miR-200a-3p were examined by RT-qPCR in BC tissues and cell lines. The effect of knocking down hsa_circ_0005273 in BC cell lines were evaluated by examinations of cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle. In addition, xenografts experiment in nude mice were performed to evaluate the effect of hsa_circ_0005273 in BC. RNA immunoprecipitation assay, RNA probe pull-down assay, luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization were conducted to confirm the relationship between hsa_circ_0005273, miR-200a-3p and YAP1. Results Hsa_circ_0005273 is over-expressed in BC tissues and cell lines, whereas miR-200a-3p expression is repressed. Depletion of hsa_circ_0005273 inhibited the progression of BC cells in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of hsa_circ_0005273 exhibited the opposite effect. Importantly, hsa_circ_0005273 upregulated YAP1 expression and inactivated Hippo pathway via sponging miR-200a-3p to promote BC progression. Conclusions Hsa_circ_0005273 regulates the miR-200a-3p/YAP1 axis and inactivates Hippo signaling pathway to promote BC progression, which may become a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.

scholarly journals EB1 Restricts Breast Cancer Cell Invadopodia Formation and Matrix Proteolysis via FAK

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Brice Chanez ◽  
Kevin Ostacolo ◽  
Ali Badache ◽  
Sylvie Thuault
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Matrix Degradation ◽  
Cancer Cell Invasion ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Spatial Regulation ◽  
Invadopodia Formation

Regulation of microtubule dynamics by plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) plays an essential role in cancer cell migration. However, the role of +TIPs in cancer cell invasion has been poorly addressed. Invadopodia, actin-rich protrusions specialized in extracellular matrix degradation, are essential for cancer cell invasion and metastasis, the leading cause of death in breast cancer. We, therefore, investigated the role of the End Binding protein, EB1, a major hub of the +TIP network, in invadopodia functions. EB1 silencing increased matrix degradation by breast cancer cells. This was recapitulated by depletion of two additional +TIPs and EB1 partners, APC and ACF7, but not by the knockdown of other +TIPs, such as CLASP1/2 or CLIP170. The knockdown of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) was previously proposed to similarly promote invadopodia formation as a consequence of a switch of the Src kinase from focal adhesions to invadopodia. Interestingly, EB1-, APC-, or ACF7-depleted cells had decreased expression/activation of FAK. Remarkably, overexpression of wild type FAK, but not of FAK mutated to prevent Src recruitment, prevented the increased degradative activity induced by EB1 depletion. Overall, we propose that EB1 restricts invadopodia formation through the control of FAK and, consequently, the spatial regulation of Src activity.

scholarly journals Genetic and Phenotypic Analyses of therdx Locus of Rhodobacter sphaeroides2.4.1

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (12) ◽  
pp. 3475-3481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hyeob Roh ◽  
Samuel Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Redox Protein ◽  
Deletion Mutations ◽  
Metal Transporter ◽  
New Class ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Photosynthesis Gene

ABSTRACT Previously, we reported that rdxB, encoding a likely membrane-bound two [4Fe-4S]-containing center, is involved in the aerobic regulation of photosystem gene expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. To further investigate the role ofrdxB as well as other genes of the rdxBHISoperon on photosystem gene expression, we constructed a series of nonpolar, in-frame deletion mutations in each of the rdxgenes. Using both puc and puf operonlacZ fusions to monitor photosystem gene expression, under aerobic conditions, in each of the mutant strains revealed significant increased photosynthesis gene expression. In the case of mutations in either rdxH, rdxI, or rdxS, the aerobic induction of photosystem gene expression is believed to be indirect by virtue of a posttranscriptional effect oncbb 3 cytochrome oxidase structure and integrity. For RdxB, we suggest that this redox protein has a more direct effect on photosystem gene expression by virtue of its interaction with the cbb 3 oxidase. An associated phenotype, involving the enhanced conversion of the carotenoid spheroidene to spheroidenone, is also observed in the RdxB, -H, -I, and -S mutant strains. This phenotype is also suggested to be the result of the role of the rdxBHIS locus incbb 3 oxidase activity and/or structure. RdxI is suggested to be a new class of metal transporter of the CPx-type ATPases.

scholarly journals FOXA1 overexpression mediates endocrine resistance by altering the ER transcriptome and IL-8 expression in ER-positive breast cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. E6600-E6609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Fu ◽  
Rinath Jeselsohn ◽  
Resel Pereira ◽  
Emporia F. Hollingsworth ◽  
Chad J. Creighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Integrated Omics ◽  
And Function

Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer factor of estrogen receptor α (ER)–chromatin binding and function, yet its aberration in endocrine-resistant (Endo-R) breast cancer is unknown. Here, we report preclinical evidence for a role of FOXA1 in Endo-R breast cancer as well as evidence for its clinical significance. FOXA1 is gene-amplified and/or overexpressed in Endo-R derivatives of several breast cancer cell line models. Induced FOXA1 triggers oncogenic gene signatures and proteomic profiles highly associated with endocrine resistance. Integrated omics data reveal IL8 as one of the most perturbed genes regulated by FOXA1 and ER transcriptional reprogramming in Endo-R cells. IL-8 knockdown inhibits tamoxifen-resistant cell growth and invasion and partially attenuates the effect of overexpressed FOXA1. Our study highlights a role of FOXA1 via IL-8 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in FOXA1-overexpressing ER-positive tumors.

scholarly journals Quantitative hormone receptor (HR) expression and gene expression analysis in HR+ inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) vs non-IBC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Iwase ◽  
Kenichi Harano ◽  
Hiroko Masuda ◽  
Kumiko Kida ◽  
Kenneth R. Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Survival Outcome ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Poor Survival Outcome

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic role of hormone receptor (HR) on inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) to elucidate its aggressive biological behavior.Methods: We evaluated the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) by immunohistochemical staining and determined the predictive and prognostic role of HR expression on 189 patients with HR+/HER2– IBC and 677 patients with HR+/HER2– stage III non-IBC. Furthermore, we performed gene expression (GE) analyses for 137 patients with HR+/HER2– IBC and 252 patients with corresponding non-IBC to detect genes that are specifically overexpressed in IBC.Results: The expression of ER% was significantly associated with longer distant disease-free survival and overall survival. However, there was no significant relationship between ER% and NAC outcome. In the GE study, 84 genes were identified as significantly distinguishing HR+ IBC from non-IBC. Among the top 15 canonical pathways expressed in IBC, the ERK/MAPK, PDGF, insulin receptor, and IL-7 signaling pathways were associated with the ER signaling pathway. Upregulation of the MYC gene was observed in three of these four pathways. Furthermore, HR+/HER2– IBC had significantly higher MYC amplification, and the genetic alteration was associated with poor survival outcome.Conclusions: Increased HR positivity was significantly associated with improved survival in both HR+/HER2– IBC and HR+/HER2– stage III non-IBC patients. HR+/HER2– IBC had several activated pathways with MYC upregulation, and the genetic alteration was associated with poor survival outcome. The results indicate that MYC may be a key gene for understanding the biology of HR+/HER2– IBC.

scholarly journals Oestrogen receptors and antioestrogen treatment of hormone-dependent tumours

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
N. G. KOSTOMITSOPOULOS (Ν.Γ. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Oestrogen Receptors ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Potential Use

The oestrogen receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor that modulates specific gene expression by binding to short DNA sequences. The study of the role of oestrogen receptor on the expression of the mitogenic actionof oestrogens and oncogenesis lead biomedical research in new approaches of the treatment of oestrogen-dependent tumors by using antioestrogens. Main mechanism of action of antioestrogens is the prevention of oestrogen action by blocking the binding of oestradiol to the oestrogen receptor. Tamoxifen, the most wellknown antioestrogen, is widely used as adjuvant therapy in all stages of human breast cancer. Recently interest is focused on the potential use of "pure" antioestrogens. The use of antioestrogens in veterinary oncology is also under discussion.

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