Role of genetic variability in systems of receptor-mediated and enzymatic defence against glycation in the long-term consequences of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease, and has late complications that are due to chronic hyperglycaemia. Altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism together with impaired detoxification of carbonyl substrates and impaired trapping of oxygen radicals are responsible for cell damage in diabetes. Variable functional capacity of detoxifying systems could contribute to differing susceptibility to the development of complications. Identification of genetic variants responsible for modulating relevant intermediate phenotypes in diabetics could help to define individual risk profiles and to modify therapeutic strategy accordingly.

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ROLE OF SARVANGA UDVARTANA AND SARVANGA TAKRADHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MADHUMEHA: A CLINICAL STUDY

International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy ◽

10.7897/2277-4343.120124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 110-113

Author(s):

S Jagadesh Kumar ◽

Shreyas D M ◽

Kiran M Goud

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Diabetic Neuropathy ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Population ◽

Sugar Levels ◽

Chronic Hyperglycaemia

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem of this era. Presently India is having the largest diabetic population of 50.8 million. In 2015, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion. Diabetes, particularly type 2 is associated with various long-term complications like Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc., Globally diabetic neuropathy affects approximately 132 million people as of 2010 (1.9% of population). There is a higher prevalence (60.4%) and incidence (8.76%) of sensory peripheral neuropathy among the observed diabetic patients. In Ayurveda, the symptoms of Diabetic neuropathy are explained under the headings of Purvaroopa and upadrava of Prameha. Madhumeha is a bahudrava shleshma condition. So, Sarvanga Udvartana and Sarvanga Takradhara is been adopted to counteract the Samprapti of Prameha. A minimum of 20 subjects who fulfilled the diagnostic and inclusion criteria was subjected to the intervention. The overall results in the study revealed statistically highly significant result after the treatment on reducing symptoms and blood sugar levels.

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Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes in Renal Transplant Recipients: An Update

Nephron ◽

10.1159/000514288 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Ana Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Esteban Porrini ◽

Mads Hornum ◽

Javier Donate-Correa ◽

Raúl Morales-Febles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Cell Function ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Renal Transplant Recipients ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Post Transplant ◽

Β Cell Function

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and relevant complication after renal transplantation: it affects 20–30% of renal transplant recipients and increases the risk for cardiovascular and infectious events. Thus, understanding pathogenesis of PTDM would help limiting its consequences. In this review, we analyse novel aspects of PTDM, based on studies of the last decade, such as the clinical evolution of PTDM, early and late, the reversibility rate, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, including pre-transplant metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (IR) and the interaction between these factors and immunosuppressive medications. Also, we discuss novel pathogenic factors, in particular the role of β-cell function in an environment of IR and common pathways between pre-existing cell damage and tacrolimus-induced toxicity. The relevant role of prediabetes in the pathogenesis of PTDM and cardiovascular disease is also addressed. Finally, current evidence on PTDM treatment is discussed.

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An Immediate and Long-Term Complication of COVID-19 May Be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of β-Cell Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Exploration of Possible Mechanisms

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9112475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2475

Author(s):

Melvin R. Hayden

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Β Cell ◽

Cell Dysfunction

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 19 March 2020. This pandemic is associated with markedly elevated blood glucose levels and a remarkable degree of insulin resistance, which suggests pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction or apoptosis and insulin’s inability to dispose of glucose into cellular tissues. Diabetes is known to be one of the top pre-existing co-morbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 along with hypertension, cardiocerebrovascular disease, advanced age, male gender, and recently obesity. This review focuses on how COVID-19 may be responsible for the accelerated development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as one of its acute and suspected long-term complications. These observations implicate an active role of metabolic syndrome, systemic and tissue islet renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, redox stress, inflammation, islet fibrosis, amyloid deposition along with β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in those who develop T2DM. Utilizing light and electron microscopy in preclinical rodent models and human islets may help to better understand how COVID-19 accelerates islet and β-cell injury and remodeling to result in the long-term complications of T2DM.

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Role of “Meshshringyadi Yog" in the management of Diabetic wound

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v12i3.1979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 726-729

Author(s):

Archana B Kukade ◽

Priyanka D Patil ◽

Pradeep Kumar B Jondhale

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Modern Society ◽

Hypoglycemic Agents ◽

Diabetic Wound ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽

Health Complications

Diabetes mellitus type II is a metabolic disorder and has become confront for the medical professionals to deal with comprehensively and it becomes thoughtful problem of modern society due to severe long- term health complications associated with it. Though there are abundant hypoglycemic agents available in the market, due to their adverse effects, herbal medicines are becoming more popular with better results and probable null adverse effects on body. Ayurvedic remedies for Diabetes Mellitus are the oldest among all the available therapies. Through various literary reviews Meshshringi (Gymnema sylvestre, Robert Brown) Aamalaki (Emblica officinalis, Gaerthand) Vijaysar (Pterocarpus marsupium, Roxburgh) have shown marked effect in Diabetes mellitus and their properties also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects also . This article highlights a case of diabetic wound treated with Meshshringyadi- yog with effective results.

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Adipose tissue function in healthy pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-021-00948-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cara Trivett ◽

Zoe J. Lees ◽

Dilys J. Freeman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Healthy Pregnancy ◽

Short And Long Term

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disorder of pregnancy with short- and long-term consequences for mother and baby. Pre-eclampsia is of major concern to obstetricians due to its sudden onset and increased morbidity and mortality for mother and baby. The incidence of these conditions continues to increase due to widespread maternal obesity. Maternal obesity is a risk factor for GDM and pre-eclampsia, yet our understanding of the role of adipose tissue and adipocyte biology in their aetiology is very limited. In this article, available data on adipose tissue and adipocyte function in healthy and obese pregnancy and how these are altered in GDM and pre-eclampsia are reviewed. Using our understanding of adipose tissue and adipocyte biology in non-pregnant populations, a role for underlying adipocyte dysfunction in the pathological pathways of these conditions is discussed.

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Mechanisms of adaptive immunity (exemplified by type 1 diabetes mellitus)

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/2072-0351-5669 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Ekaterina Alexandrovna Repina

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adaptive Immunity ◽

Immunological Memory ◽

Peripheral Tolerance

This review was designed to evaluate mechanisms of adaptive immunity in DM1. Special attention is devoted to such immunological concepts as antigen,long-term immunological memory, central and peripheral tolerance. Current views of the role of interleukins in DM1 are discussed.

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Pathophysiology Underpinning Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Role of Biomarkers for its Prediction

EMJ Diabetes ◽

10.33590/emj/19-00150 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Diagnostic Strategies ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent complication of pregnancy, with an increasing incidence that has been attributed to an ageing maternal population, an increasing prevalence of obesity, and alterations in diagnostic criteria. The consequences of GDM are far-reaching and impact both the mother and their offspring. It is associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with non-GDM pregnancies. Furthermore, it is associated with long-term poor metabolic health in both mother and offspring. Current diagnostic strategies centre on clinical risk factors, however these can lack specificity. This has spurred investigations into identifying potential biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and risk stratification. In this review, the current evidence around potential biomarkers, their role in understanding pathophysiologic pathways for GDM development, and the possibility of their use in clinical practice is explored.

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DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS

Journal of Volgograd State Medical University ◽

10.19163/1994-9480-2021-1(77)-3-11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

I.T. Murkamilov ◽

◽

K.A. Aitbaev ◽

V.V. Fomin ◽

I.O. Kudaibergenova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Kidney Damage ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Urgent Problem ◽

Individual Risk Factors

The article is devoted to an urgent problem – kidney damage in diabetes mellitus. The analysis of Russian and foreign sources of literature on diabetic nephropathy has been carried out. Data on the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy are presented, and the role of individual risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy is discussed.

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Аlcohol and diabetes: a double-edged stick

Лечащий врач ◽

10.51793/os.2021.24.3.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Л.Ю. Моргунов

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcoholic Beverage ◽

Late Complications ◽

Self Control ◽

Alcohol Abusers ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Patients With Diabetes

В данной работе изучены и обобщены исследования, посвященные эпидемиологии, риску развития сахарного диабета и влиянию на сердечно-сосудистую систему пациентов с диабетом и разным уровнем потребления алкоголя. Продемонстрированы высокие затраты на лечение злоупотребляющих алкогольными напитками. Описано влияние этанола на метаболизм глюкозы и механизмы, вызывающие гипергликемию и гипогликемию, роль грелина и лептина у употребляющих алкоголь пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Уделено внимание вопросам гипокоагуляции и системного воспаления у диабетиков, употребляющих этанол. Отдельно показано влияние алкоголя на пациентов с сахарным диабетом 1 типа. Описано влияние алкоголя на развитие атеросклероза, а также поздних осложнений сахарного диабета, таких как диабетическая ангиопатия нижних конечностей. Продемонстрировано влияние предпочтений алкогольных напитков на риски развития сахарного диабета. Подчеркнута низкая приверженность к самоконтролю у употребляющих этанол пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Показано, что употребление небольшого или среднего количества алкоголя снижает заболеваемость сахарным диабетом в большинстве исследований, в то время как сильно пьющие пациенты подвергаются повышенному риску развития этого заболевания. У людей с сахарным диабетом употребление алкоголя от легкого до умеренного снижает риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и смертности от всех причин. Тип алкогольного напитка, пол и, вероятно, индекс массы тела – факторы, влияющие на эти результаты. This article examines and summarizes studies on the epidemiology, risk of developing diabetes, and the influence on the cardiovascular system of patients with diabetes and different levels of alcohol consumption. High costs for the treatment of alcohol abusers have been demonstrated. The article describes the effect of ethanol on glucose metabolism and the mechanisms that cause hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, the role of ghrelin and leptin in alcohol-consuming patients with diabetes mellitus. Attention is paid to the issues of hypocoagulation and systemic inflammation in diabetics who use ethanol. The effect of alcohol on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is shown separately. The influence of alcohol on the development of atherosclerosis, as well as late complications of diabetes mellitus, such as diabetic angiopathy of the lower extremities, is described. The influence of alcoholic beverage preferences on the risk of developing diabetes mellitus has been demonstrated. Low adherence to self-control in ethanol-consuming patients with diabetes mellitus is emphasized.Drinking small or medium amounts of alcohol has been shown to reduce the incidence of diabetes in most studies, while heavy drinkers are at an increased risk of developing the disease. In people with diabetes, light to moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. The type of alcoholic drink, gender, and probably body mass index are factors that influence these results.

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ROLE OF VARMAM THERAPY IN KUMBAVATHAM MANAGEMENT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.12783 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Maanickha Chelvi ◽

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Rajendra Kumar A

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Old Age ◽

Adhesive Capsulitis ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Age Group ◽

Medical Systems

ABSTRACT Introduction: Siddha medicine, one among the ancient indigenous medical systems of India, has a repository of classical formulations as internal medication and various other unique techniques/therapies as external usage. Varmam is one among such therapies used to treat multiple ailments, especially related to musculoskeletal and neurological deficits. Sometimes, varmam therapy is used along with internal medications and external applications as well. Objective: Adhesive capsulitis or periarthritis may be correlated with kumbavatham which is one of the vatha diseases mentioned in the Siddha literature Yugi Vaithya Chinthamani. Kumbavatham is one of the most common rheumatological problems in old age group, especially those in diabetic participants. It is the most common long-term complication next to osteoarthritis in diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: The present intervention was done in kumbavatham patients who volunteered to undergo the varmam therapy with regular outpatient department medications, and the results were presented. The effect of varmam therapy on kumbavatham was assessed in accordance with shoulder pain and disability index. Result and Conclusion: The result of the current study concludes that the varmam therapy might be useful in the management of kumbavatham diseases and thus improves the quality of life of the patients. Keywords: Kumbavatham, Adhesive capsulitis, Varmam therapy, Diabetes mellitus, Siddha.

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