mRNA-specific regulation of translation by poly(A)-binding proteins

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Burgess ◽  
Nicola K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Translation Factor ◽  
Regulation Of Translation ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Normal Cellular Function ◽  
Global Translation

The regulation of translation has emerged as a major determinant of gene expression and is critical for both normal cellular function and the development of disease. Numerous studies have highlighted the diverse, and sometimes related, mechanisms which underlie the regulation of global translation rates and the translational control of specific mRNAs. In the present paper, we discuss the emerging roles of the basal translation factor PABP [poly(A)-binding protein] in mRNA-specific translational control in metazoa which suggest that PABP function is more complex than first recognized.

Modulation of Plant Gene Expression by Cytokinins

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Chen ◽  
G Jin ◽  
BR Andersen ◽  
JR Ertl
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Gene ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Cytokinins play important roles in plant growth and development. They regulate the synthesis or degradation of proteins and nucleic acids. Specific mRNAs and proteins are up- and down-regulated by the hormones. Regulation of plant gene expression by cytokinins is at the levels of transcription and post-transcription. Expression of a single gene can be modulated by the interaction of two hormones since the levels of cytokinin-enhanced nitrate reductase transcript are reduced by abscisic acid. Relatively high-affinity cytokinin-binding proteins have been isolated, but the physiological role of the binding proteins remains unknown. Examination of X-ray crystal structures of cytokinin molecules indicates that correct stereochemical conformation is required for a biologically active cytokinin. Using available genetic, immunological, biochemical and recombinant DNA techniques, some questions regarding the mechanisms of cytokinin action may be answered in the near future.

scholarly journals Vasohibin1, a new mouse cardiomyocyte IRES trans-acting factor that regulates translation in early hypoxia

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransky Hantelys ◽  
Anne-Claire Godet ◽  
Florian David ◽  
Florence Tatin ◽  
Edith Renaud-Gabardos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Internal Ribosome Entry ◽  
Global Protein Synthesis ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Angiogenic Genes

Hypoxia, a major inducer of angiogenesis, triggers major changes in gene expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, under hypoxia, global protein synthesis is blocked while internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) allow specific mRNAs to be translated. Here, we report the transcriptome and translatome signatures of (lymph)angiogenic genes in hypoxic HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes: most genes are induced at the translatome level, including all IRES-containing mRNAs. Our data reveal activation of (lymph)angiogenic factor mRNA IRESs in early hypoxia. We identify vasohibin1 (VASH1) as an IRES trans-acting factor (ITAF) that is able to bind RNA and to activate the FGF1 IRES in hypoxia, but which tends to inhibit several IRESs in normoxia. VASH1 depletion has a wide impact on the translatome of (lymph)angiogenesis genes, suggesting that this protein can regulate translation positively or negatively in early hypoxia. Translational control thus appears as a pivotal process triggering new vessel formation in ischemic heart.

Translational control gone awry: a new mechanism of tumorigenesis and novel targets of cancer treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ye Yin ◽  
Zizheng Dong ◽  
Zhao-Qian Liu ◽  
Jian-Ting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Translation Initiation Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Specific Mrnas

Translational control is one of primary regulation mechanisms of gene expression. Eukaryotic translational control mainly occurs at the initiation step, the speed-limiting step, which involves more than ten translation initiation factors [eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors)]. Changing the level or function of these eIFs results in abnormal translation of specific mRNAs and consequently abnormal growth of cells that leads to human diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence from recent studies showed that the expression of many eIFs was associated with malignant transformation, cancer prognosis, as well as gene expression regulation. In the present paper, we perform a critical review of recent advances in understanding the role and mechanism of eIF action in translational control and cancer as well as the possibility of targeting eIFs for therapeutic development.

Cell-specific regulation of IRS-1 gene expression: role of E box and C/EBP binding site in HepG2 cells and CHO cells

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matsuda ◽  
E. Araki ◽  
R. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Tsuruzoe ◽  
N. Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
E Box ◽  
Specific Regulation

RNA-Binding Proteins and Translation in Neurodegenerative Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Fused In Sarcoma ◽  
Specific Mrnas ◽  
Ataxia Syndrome ◽  
Research Frontiers

Both RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and translation are increasingly implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, but their specific roles in promoting disease are not yet fully defined. This chapter critically evaluates the evidence that altered translation of specific mRNAs mediated by RNA-binding proteins plays an important role in driving specific neurodegenerative diseases. First, diseases are discussed where a causal role for RNA-binding proteins in disease appears solid, but whether this involves altered translation is less clear. The main foci here are TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Subsequently, diseases are presented where altered translation is believed to contribute, but involvement of RNA-binding proteins is less clear. These include Huntington’s and other repeat expansion disorders such as fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), where repeat-induced non-AUG-initiated (RAN) translation is a focus. The potential contribution of both canonical and non-canonical RBPs to altered translation in Parkinson’s disease is discussed. The chapter closes by proposing key research frontiers for the field to explore and outlining methodological advances that could help to address them.

scholarly journals The Interplay of RNA Binding Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ALS

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Jasmine Harley ◽  
Benjamin E. Clarke ◽  
Rickie Patani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

RNA binding proteins fulfil a wide number of roles in gene expression. Multiple mechanisms of RNA binding protein dysregulation have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also play important roles in these diseases. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic interplay between RNA binding protein dysregulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. We also discuss different potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.

scholarly journals The Role of Translation Initiation Regulation in Haematopoiesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Grech ◽  
Marieke von Lindern
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Translation Control ◽  
Haematological Disorders

Organisation of RNAs into functional subgroups that are translated in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors underlines a relatively unexplored gene expression modulation that drives cell fate in the same manner as regulation of the transcriptome by transcription factors. Recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses and haematological disorders indicate clearly that the regulation of mRNA translation at the level of translation initiation, mRNA stability, and protein isoform synthesis is implicated in the tight regulation of gene expression. This paper outlines how these posttranscriptional control mechanisms, including control at the level of translation initiation factors and the role of RNA binding proteins, affect hematopoiesis. The clinical relevance of these mechanisms in haematological disorders indicates clearly the potential therapeutic implications and the need of molecular tools that allow measurement at the level of translational control. Although the importance of miRNAs in translation control is well recognised and studied extensively, this paper will exclude detailed account of this level of control.

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