Role of extracellular membrane vesicles in intercellular communication of the tumour microenvironment

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin J. Svensson ◽  
Mattias Belting
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Coagulation Activation ◽  
Molecular Information

Over the last few decades, extensive studies by several groups have introduced the concept of cell-derived secreted extracellular membrane vesicles as carriers of complex molecular information. Owing to their pleiotropic biological effects and involvement in a wide variety of biological processes, extracellular membrane vesicles have been implicated in physiological as well as pathological events, including tumour development and metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the role of secreted membrane vesicles in intercellular communication with a focus on tumour biology. Of particular interest is the potential role of extracellular vesicles as orchestrators of common features of the malignant tumour microenvironment, e.g. coagulation activation and angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Orchestrate Immune and Tumor Interaction Networks

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3696
Author(s):  
Kevin Ho Wai Yim ◽  
Ala’a Al Hrout ◽  
Simone Borgoni ◽  
Richard Chahwan
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Intercellular Communications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potent and intricate intercellular communication networks. From their first discovery almost forty years ago, several studies have bolstered our understanding of these nano-vesicular structures. EV subpopulations are now characterized by differences in size, surface markers, cargo, and biological effects. Studies have highlighted the importance of EVs in biology and intercellular communication, particularly during immune and tumor interactions. These responses can be equally mediated at the proteomic and epigenomic levels through surface markers or nucleic acid cargo signaling, respectively. Following the exponential growth of EV studies in recent years, we herein synthesize new aspects of the emerging immune–tumor EV-based intercellular communications. We also discuss the potential role of EVs in fundamental immunological processes under physiological conditions, viral infections, and tumorigenic conditions. Finally, we provide insights on the future prospects of immune–tumor EVs and suggest potential avenues for the use of EVs in diagnostics and therapeutics.

scholarly journals Exosomic microRNAs as emerging key regulators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and beyond

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Murtadha ◽  
Muller Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Functions

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs with key gene regulatory functions. Recent evidence has shown that miRs have a central role in shaping the biology of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). The discovery that some exosomes contain high levels of miR cargo that shuttle between cells and mediate intercellular cross-talk has shifted the focus of miR research towards understanding the biological role of exosomic miRs. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of exosomic miRs in molding the tumor microenvironment towards pro-tumor conditions by altering intercellular communication. We briefly discuss some mechanisms of selective loading of miRs into exosomes, as well as emerging evidence that exosomic miRs are present in all biological fluids. Furthermore, we describe the differences in the exosomic miR signatures between cancer patients and healthy controls, and the potential role of exosomic miRs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers.

scholarly journals Endocrine regulation of circadian physiology

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H Tsang ◽  
Mariana Astiz ◽  
Maureen Friedrichs ◽  
Henrik Oster
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Endogenous Rhythmicity ◽  
Circadian Physiology ◽  
External Time ◽  
High Calorie

Endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology to align with external time. The endocrine system serves as a major clock output to regulate various biological processes. Recent findings suggest that some of the rhythmic hormones can also provide feedback to the circadian system at various levels, thus contributing to maintaining the robustness of endogenous rhythmicity. This delicate balance of clock–hormone interaction is vulnerable to modern lifestyle factors such as shiftwork or high-calorie diets, altering physiological set points. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the communication between the circadian timing and endocrine systems, with a focus on adrenal glucocorticoids and metabolic peptide hormones. We explore the potential role of hormones as systemic feedback signals to adjust clock function and their relevance for the maintenance of physiological and metabolic circadian homeostasis.

scholarly journals The Role of Phosphotyrosine Signaling Pathway in Parotid Gland Proliferation and Function

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Purushotham ◽  
M.G. Humphreys-Beher
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Phosphotyrosine Signaling ◽  
And Function ◽  
Active Proliferation

Tyrosine phosphorylation and the intracellular signaling processes associated with it have been the focus of intense study due to its importance in the regulation of biological processes as diverse as cell proliferation and cell differentiation. While much of what we now understand has been derived from the study of cell lines and tumor cells, the salivary glands provide a model to examine the effects of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases in a normal differentiated tissue. This review will focus, therefore, on the role tyrosine kinases and phosphatases play in inducing the transition from stasis to active proliferation and their potential role in mediating secretory function of the salivary glands.

Therapeutic challenges of kinase and phosphatase inhibition and use in anti-diabetic strategy

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Early Results

The development of kinase and phosphatase inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents has been stimulated by the discovery that most biological processes are controlled by the reversible phosphorylation of proteins. Most of the early results in this area were generated in oncology, at the same time as the human genome, with its 500+ kinases and 100+ phosphatases was deciphered. Because of this, we know a great deal about which processes signalling inhibitors interfere with, but little about the overall consequences. In this study, kinases will be briefly reviewed, followed by some of the early problems in developing kinase inhibitors, as biochemical reagents, and clinically active pharmaceuticals in oncology. The discussion will then switch to the potential role of kinases and phosphatases in controlling the disease process in Type II diabetes. Phosphatase inhibitors should augment insulin receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis are phosphorylation dependent, and amenable to kinase inhibition, as are some nuclear hormone receptors, and these will be briefly discussed.

scholarly journals lncRNA Gm16410 Mediates PM2.5-Induced Macrophage Activation via PI3K/AKT Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbin Xu ◽  
Henggui Xu ◽  
Kexin Ma ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Ben Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Macrophage Polarity ◽  
Insight Into

PM2.5 refers to atmospheric particulate matters with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm. The deposit of PM2.5 in lung cells can cause oxidative stress, leading to changes in macrophage polarity, which can subsequently cause pulmonary inflammation. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of transcripts that regulate biological processes through multiple mechanisms. However, the role of lncRNA in PM2.5-induced lung inflammation has not been established. In this study, the biological effects and associated mechanism of lncRNA in PM2.5-induced change in macrophage polarity were investigated. The lncRNA-mediated PM2.5-induced macrophage inflammation and lung inflammation-associated injury were also determined. Mice were exposed to chronic levels of PM2.5, and changes in the expression of lncRNA in the lung were measured by lncRNA microarray. lncRNAs that showed significant changes in expression in response to PM2.5 were identified. lncRNA showing the biggest change was subjected to further analysis to determine its functional roles and mechanisms with respect to macrophage activation. The result showed that a significant reduction in expression of one lncRNA, identified as lncGm16410, was observed in the lung of mice and RAW264.7 cells following exposure to PM2.5. lncGm16410 suppressed PM2.5-induced macrophage activation via the SRC protein-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PM2.5 promoted lung inflammation by downregulating the expression of lncGm16410, enhancing the activation of macrophages. Thus, lncGm16410 might provide new insight into the prevention of PM2.5 injury.

Potential role of the human Ha-ras oncogene in the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. El-Fouly ◽  
James E. Trosko ◽  
Chia-Cheng Chang ◽  
Stephen T. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ras Oncogene ◽  
Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication ◽  
Gap Junctional

Renal gene expression profiling using kinin B1 and B2 receptor knockout mice reveals comparable modulation of functionally related genes

2006 ◽  
Vol 387 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimcho Bachvarov ◽  
Magdalena Bachvarova ◽  
Rainelli Koumangaye ◽  
Julie Klein ◽  
João Bosco Pesquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microarray Experiments ◽  
B1 Receptor ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Abstract The kinin B2 receptor, which is constitutively expressed in a large number of tissues, mediates most of the known effects of bradykinin (BK). Normally undetectable in healthy tissues, the B1 receptor is strongly over-expressed under pathological conditions. BK is an important mediator in renal homeostasis and is mainly known for its natriuretic and vasodilatory effects. Recent data evidenced a role for BK in many other biological processes, such as apoptosis, development, extracellular matrix regulation and angiogenesis. In a first step to better understand how BK and its receptors could be involved in such a large variety of biological effects, we used microarray analysis to identify, under physiological conditions, the global renal gene expression profile in mice lacking either the kinin B1 or B2 receptor. Microarray experiments were performed using Agilent Mouse Oligonucleotide Microarrays (21 000 genes/microarray). Interestingly, there was a considerable number of mostly downregulated genes in both BK null mouse models compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, a number of genes that are known to be implicated in renal physiology and/or pathology were differentially expressed in the BK null mice, which is indicative of the important role of both BK receptors in renal function.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Micro(Nano)Plastics in the Marine Environment: Biological and Societal Considerations

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3208
Author(s):  
Joana Soares ◽  
Isabel Miguel ◽  
Cátia Venâncio ◽  
Isabel Lopes ◽  
Miguel Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plastic Materials

Marine litter is a global problem which has been negatively affecting the environment. Plastic materials are the most commonly found marine debris, with potential biological (not only for aquatic organisms but also for humans) as well as socio-economic impacts. Considering that it is an anthropogenic problem, society could play an important role to minimize it. Although a considerable amount of research has addressed the biological effects of plastics (micro(nano)plastics) on biota, few studies have addressed how scientific information is being transmitted to the public and the potential role of citizen environmental education. The current paper discusses known effects, researched topics and how scientific knowledge is currently being transmitted to the public.

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