Sentence Imitation in Kindergarten Children at Risk for Learning Disability

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Swift
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

The Carrow Elicited Language Inventory was used to compare the imitation skills of kindergarten children identified as high risk for learning disability with those of a normal control group. A significant difference was found between the two groups in the total number of errors. Differences were also found in the ability to imitate adjectives, conjunctions, pronouns, and verbs. An incidental finding, failure on the part of many high-risk subjects to imitate interrogative stimuli, is discussed in terms of a processing deficit.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HESPERETIN TREATMENT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL, SPERMATOZOA QUALITY, AND SPERMATOZOA QUANTITY IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerdy Nerdy ◽  
Linta Meliala ◽  
Bunga Rimta Barus ◽  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Selamat Ginting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sugar Levels

Male infertility has occurred rapidly in the last few decades, primarily in developing countries. An antioxidant, hesperetin is a flavonoid that is found in abundance in orange peels. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of hesperetin on blood sugar levels, spermatozoaquality, and spermatozoa quantity. The research structure included induction of diabetes mellitus and treatment for 8 weeks, followed bydetermination of blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quality, and spermatozoa quantity. Hesperetin has the ability to restore blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quantity, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight, volume, and germinal epithelial layer thickness with significant difference from the normal control group. Hesperetin did not fully restore spermatozoa motility, viability, and morphology with significant difference from the normal control group, nor from the positive control group. However, overall, hesperetin decreased blood glucose levels, increased spermatozoa quantity, and improved the spermatozoa quality in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus mice. Dose-dependent activity was observed with the optimum dose at 200 mg/kg body weight.

Nephroprotective Effect of Herbal Extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum on Induced Urolithiaisis in Wistar Rats: Haemato-Biochemical Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval B. Patel ◽  
S. K. Raval ◽  
G. C. Mandali ◽  
A. C. Patel ◽  
A. M. Pande
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect ◽  
Solanum Xanthocarpum

The experiment was conducted on 90 adult healthy Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided in to 15 equal groups, each of 6 rats, and were kept in separate cages. Group I served as normal healthy control without any treatment, while Group II and III served as vehicle (bicarbonate) control and lithiatic control, respectively. In rats of Group III to IX urolithiasis was induced using 0.75 % (v/v) ethylene glycol and 2% (w/v) ammonium chloride in drinking water for 28 days. The rats of Group I, II, and X to XV were given pure wholesome water till 28 days. After 28th day, the rats of urolithiatic treatment Groups IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX were given aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum @ 300 mg/kg bwt orally as either single extract or combination as biherbal extracts in 0.5 % sodium bicarbonate using syringe and rat lavage needle, and so also was done for rats of Group X to XV as extract control groups. Blood samples were collected twice: i.e. on day 28 of induction of urolithiasis and then on day 56 of experiment from all rats. No significant difference was observed in any of the haematological parameters and even in serum albumin and globulin levels before and after treatment in different groups. However, increased levels of serum BUN, uric acid and creatinine were observed in the urolithiatic groups as compared to the normal control group on 28th day. While serum total protein levels were decreased in the calculi induced groups as compared to the normal control group. However, co-treatment of aqueous or alcoholic extract of Bryophyllum calycinum and Solanum xanthocarpum significantly restored these changes by 56th day. The effect of biherbal alcoholic extract of the plants was much better in restoring the values and the levels came nearer to normal by 56th day of oral treatment proving nephroprotective effect of these extracts.

Expression of the Proteins Ski and Akradia in the Retinal Tissue of Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1693-1698
Author(s):  
Wenjun Gou ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Yanhong Fang ◽  
Bo Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Group A ◽  
Proteasome Pathway ◽  
Ski Protein

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of Ski and Arkadia protein expression in the retina of diabetic rats, as well as to explore the relationships between Ski, Arkadia, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) to provide theoretical insights into its pathogenesis. Forty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the normal control group, and the DM (diabetes mellitus, DM) group. A DM rat model was established through a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg · kg–1 STZ. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed at the 8th and 12th weeks after model generation; the left eyeball of each rat was removed completely and made into eye cups. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of Ski and Arkadia in the retina of each rat. In the normal control group, Ski was highly expressed, while Arkadia was either not expressed or weakly expressed. At weeks 8 and 12, the expression of Arkadia in the retina of the rats in the DM group was significantly higher than in those of the normal control group (P <0.01), whereas the expression of Ski was significantly lower than in normal controls (P <0.01). In retinal tissue of diabetic rats, the ubiquitin proteasome pathway can degrade the expression of the Ski protein and the E3 ligase Arkadia is involved in the ubiquitination of Ski proteins.

scholarly journals Body Weight Determination and Histological Examination of Livers in Normal Rats Administered with Tamsulosin

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1340
Author(s):  
M. Dikko ◽  
Y. Sarkingobir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Morphology

The objective of this study was to investigate histopathology of livers and carry out body weight determination in normal rats administered with  tamsulosin. Standard methods and procedures were used in this study. The results were revealed. Pertaining weight, at the 3rd , 6th and 8th weeks of the study, no significant difference (P>0.05) in weight was found in the group of rats treated with carvedilol (positive control), tamsulosin low dose (12μg/kg) and high dose tamsulosin (40μg/kg) compared to normal control group, respectively. Other inter-groups comparisons were not significantly different, respectively. Pertaining liver morphology, liver sections of groups revealed no significant histological lesions compared to the normal control group at the 6th and 8th weeks of the study, respectively. This study revealed that the tamsulosin cause no histopathological lesion, thus the drug might be safe to the liver and its biochemical processes. Keywords: Tamsulosin, Liver, histopathology, weight, Wistar rats

Derived/Clauss Fibrinogen Ratio as a Potential Adjunct to D-Dimer in the Diagnosis of DVT.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4084-4084
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Wakeman ◽  
Roger C. Munro ◽  
Victoria Blundell ◽  
Saad Al-Ismail ◽  
Ann Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Introduction Along with clinical assessment, D-dimer (D-d) assays are routinely used to exclude DVT. It has been suggested that measurement of derived fibrinogen (DF) may be an effective reflection of endogenously-derived thrombin generation and that ratios between this and Clauss-derived fibrinogen (CF) may be useful in determining whether patients have experienced, or are vulnerable to thromboembolic events. Some studies indicate that a D-d/fibrinogen ratio is significantly higher among patients with confirmed DVT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether DF/CF ratios in individuals are a useful adjunct to D-d assays in the detection of DVT compared to D-d assay in isolation. Methods Venous samples were collected into glass B-D Vacutainers containing tri-sodium citrate (Becton-Dickinson, Plymouth, UKRef: 367691) from 162 out-patients presenting to the medical admissions unit with suspected DVT. Laboratory staff (N=100) served as the normal control group. D-dimer (MiniVidas, BioMerieux), DF and CF (Dade-Behring reagents in combination with a CA1500 coagulometer) were measured on all patients and normal control samples within two hours of collection. Results Following clinical assessment (Wells scoring), 85 patients were considered not to have had a DVT. Doppler scanning confirmed DVT in 38 of the remaining patients and 39 were shown to be negative. Two sample t-test analysis of the data showed significant differences between DF and CF levels in the normal group (n=100), patients who did not have a DVT (n=124) and those who did have a DVT (n=38), (p = &lt;0.05 in each group). There was a significant difference in the DF/CF ratios between the three groups (p = 0.014, one-way ANOVA). The mean DF/CF ratios in the normal control group, patient negative group and patient positive group were 1.16, 1.22 and 1.24 respectively. There was no overall correlation between D-d and DF (correlation co-efficient = 0.646), D-d and CF (correlation co-efficient = 0.581) nor between D-d and DF/CF. Of the DVT positive patients, 26 had a raised DF whereas only 12 had a raised CF. Conclusion Our data suggest that DF/CF ratios cannot be used as an adjunctive marker of DVT when used in combination with D-d values. DF/CF ratios are significantly higher in patients attending for clinical assessment irrespective of whether they are DVT positive or DVT negative. This may be because fibrinogen is an acute phase protein which increases with various pathological states and stressful events such as the experience of attending hospital for investigation and assessment. Further work is required to determine whether DF/CF ratios can be used adjunctively when the D-d cut off value is significantly higher than that used conventionally.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiac Functions By Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Hyperlipidemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhizhi Dong ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Zulin Liu ◽  
Douzi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background To investigate the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in evaluating cardiac functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with hyperlipidemia. Methods Sixty T2DM patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and poorly-controlled blood glucose were selected. Among these, thirty had hyperlipidemia. Thirty age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were recruited as the normal control group. Longitudinal strain of left ventricular segments, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS), left atrial global longitudinal strain (LA GLS), right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) and right atrial global longitudinal strain (RA GLS) were measured by 2D-STE. Results (1) Compared with the normal control group, LV GLS in T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group decreased (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of LV GLS between T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group (P > 0.05). Compared with the normal control group and T2DM group, longitudinal strain of middle segment of LV in T2DM with hyperlipidemia group decreased (P < 0.05). (2) There was a significant difference in LA GLS among the three groups. LA GLS of T2DM with hyperlipidemia group was lower compared with the normal control and T2DM group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the normal control group, RV GLS in T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group was lower (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of RV GLS between T2DM group and T2DM with hyperlipidemia group (P > 0.05). RA GLS in T2DM with hyperlipidemia group decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the normal control group and T2DM group. Conclusion Speckle tracking echocardiography can effectively evaluate cardiac dysfunction in patients with T2DM. LA GLS and RA GLS can be used as potential markers of cardiac dysfunction in T2DM with hyperlipidemia, and provide the basis for early clinical diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Changes of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets and Cytokines in Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Their Clinical Significance

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Li Fei
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: Accumulating evidence have indicated that immune response play an essential role in development of multiple myeloma (MM),To evaluate the immune function of patients with MM by detecting the levels of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines, and to analyze the correlation between the immune function and prognosis of patients. Methods: we examined 50 patients with newly diagnosed MM, 20 patients with Relapse / refractory MM and 30 healthy volunteers. the levels of T lymphocyte subsets, activated T cells subtypes, Treg and cytokines in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Results: ① compared with healthy control group, CD3 + CD4 + T cells of newly diagnosed MM patients were significantly decreased (P = 0.04), There was no significant difference in CD3+CD8+T and CD4/CD8 of newly diagnosed MM patients with normal controls (P=0.14).The percentage of CD16 + cd56dim NK cells of newly diagnosed MM was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P = 0.01); There was no significant difference in frequencies of CD3+CD4+T cells, CD4/CD8, CD16+CD56dimNK (P=0.34, P=0.561, P=0.88) between newly treated MM patients and relapsed/refractory MM; HLA-DR-CD8+ activated TS cells of newly diagnosed MM was significantly higher than the normal control group (P = 0.04).② The proportion of CD4 + CD25 + CD127dim T cells(treg) in total CD4 + T cells in of newly diagnosed MM was higher than that in normal control group (P &lt; 0.05). The CD4 + CD25 +CD127dim T cells of MM patients with relapse / refractory MM was higher than that of newly treated patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). Further analysis showed that CD4 + CD25 + CD127dim T cells in mSMART stratified high-risk group were higher than those in low-risk group (P = 0.03). The number of CD4 + CD25 + CD127dim T cells in patients without PR after 2 courses of PAD was higher than that in patients with≥ PR, but the difference was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). ③ The levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF - α of newly diagnosed MM were significantly higher than normal control group, and were positively correlated with ISS stage (r=0.61, r=0.67, r=0.59, P均&lt;0.05).④ The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 of newly diagnosed MM with renal injury were significantly higher than those in patients with normal renal function (P &lt; 0.05). Further studies showed that the level of IL-8 was negatively correlated with the proportion of CD16 + CD56dimNK cells (r=-0.65, P&lt;0.05).Conclusion: the abnormal expression of lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels in MM patients may be related to the tumor load, disease progression and prognosis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Upper limb weakness in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy – a neglected problem

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. James ◽  
J. F. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Group A

The problems of upper limb weakness in young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are not generally appreciated. In a series of 12 young people it was found that the strengths of the shoulder and elbow muscles were approximately 4% of those of a normal control group. A counterweight and a motorised system of arm suspension is described which permits the young person to make proper use of their arms.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of serum AMH and INHB in girls with precocious puberty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxu Liu ◽  
Xiaoqin Yin ◽  
Pin Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Precocious puberty is the second sexual characteristic of girls before 8 years old. The diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) needs to evaluate ovarian function, and ultrasound examination is an auxiliary means for the evaluation of ovary at present. The serum levels of AMH and INHB might be markers of evaluation of ovary according the former research. We investigated the clinical features, serum sex hormones, serum levels of AMH and INHB in 184 girls with precocious puberty, which provided deeper insight into the clinical significance of AMH and INHB in female precocious puberty. Methods: We evaluated 184 girls with precocious puberty at the Department of Endocrinology of Shanghai Children's Hospital from 2017 to 2021, which was consisted of PT, Tanner stage 2 CPP and Tanner stage 3 CPP. We analysed clinical data from the patients including clinical manifestations, AMH, INHB and other hormone levels, and we analysed AMH and INHB in normal control group either.Results: The PT group (P = 0.031) and Tanner stage 2 CPP group (P = 0.006) exhibited significantly higher AMH level than that in normal control group. AMH level showed no significant difference among PT group, Tanner stage 2 CPP group and Tanner stage 3 CPP group. The Tanner stage 2 CPP group exhibited significantly higher level of INHB than that in Tanner stage 3 CPP group (P = 0.013) and normal control group (P = 0.007). AMH and INHB were positively correlated in the four groups, especially in the PT group (r = 0.694**, P < 0.01). AMH and basal LH were positively correlated in PT group (r = 0.296*, P < 0.01). AMH or INHB showed no correlation with chronical age, bone age, uterine volume, ovarian volume, BMI, E2, SHBG, peak LH, basal FSH, peak FSH, IGF-1 or IGF-BP3. The ROC analysis showed that the AUC of AMH or INHB was relatively low. Conclusions: In this research, the serum AMH and INHB in 184 girls with precocious puberty were analysed. The PT group and Tanner stage 2 CPP group exhibited significantly higher AMH level than that in normal control group. The Tanner stage 2 CPP group exhibited significantly higher level of INHB than that in Tanner stage 3 CPP group and normal control group. AMH and INHB were positively correlated in the four groups, especially in the PT group. ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic performance of PT or CPP using AMH or INHB was weak.

scholarly journals Histopathological Evaluation of the Methanol Extract of Napoleonae imperialis Leaves against Methotrexate-Induced Renal Damage in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
O. J. Mba ◽  
C. E. Odo ◽  
P. C. Chikezie ◽  
U. I. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Significant Pathology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves against methotrexate renal histology in albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male albino rats of mean weight 130 g were used for this study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group A received feed and water only and Group B was induced with methotrexate without treatment. Groups (C and D) were orally given 250 mg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of leaves extract, and group E was orally given the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 28 days. All the rats used in this study were initially subjected to renal damage using 0.5 ml/kg of methotrexate except the normal control group. The rats were sacrificed after 28 days, and the kidney were carefully dissected from the abdominal region. They were fixed in normal saline for 72 hours and sliced into a thickness of 2.1mm samples of and processed for histopathological examination. Results: The photomicrographs result showed that in group A, (normal control group) evenly distributed glomeruli of smaller size, with normal mesangial cellularity. In group B, (positive control group) there is a significant pathology and mild interstitial inflammation. In groups (C and D) (tests group that received 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt of the extract) there is no significant pathology, in group E, there is no significant pathology. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the leaves extract may have exerted nephroprotective effects in albino rats, and may also be used pharmacologically in the management of organ toxicity.

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