Nephroprotective Effect of Herbal Extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum on Induced Urolithiaisis in Wistar Rats: Haemato-Biochemical Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval B. Patel ◽  
S. K. Raval ◽  
G. C. Mandali ◽  
A. C. Patel ◽  
A. M. Pande
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect ◽  
Solanum Xanthocarpum

The experiment was conducted on 90 adult healthy Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided in to 15 equal groups, each of 6 rats, and were kept in separate cages. Group I served as normal healthy control without any treatment, while Group II and III served as vehicle (bicarbonate) control and lithiatic control, respectively. In rats of Group III to IX urolithiasis was induced using 0.75 % (v/v) ethylene glycol and 2% (w/v) ammonium chloride in drinking water for 28 days. The rats of Group I, II, and X to XV were given pure wholesome water till 28 days. After 28th day, the rats of urolithiatic treatment Groups IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX were given aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bryophyllum calycium and Solanum xanthocarpum @ 300 mg/kg bwt orally as either single extract or combination as biherbal extracts in 0.5 % sodium bicarbonate using syringe and rat lavage needle, and so also was done for rats of Group X to XV as extract control groups. Blood samples were collected twice: i.e. on day 28 of induction of urolithiasis and then on day 56 of experiment from all rats. No significant difference was observed in any of the haematological parameters and even in serum albumin and globulin levels before and after treatment in different groups. However, increased levels of serum BUN, uric acid and creatinine were observed in the urolithiatic groups as compared to the normal control group on 28th day. While serum total protein levels were decreased in the calculi induced groups as compared to the normal control group. However, co-treatment of aqueous or alcoholic extract of Bryophyllum calycinum and Solanum xanthocarpum significantly restored these changes by 56th day. The effect of biherbal alcoholic extract of the plants was much better in restoring the values and the levels came nearer to normal by 56th day of oral treatment proving nephroprotective effect of these extracts.

scholarly journals Propolis extract as pulp capping material enhances odontoblast-like cell thickness and type 1 collagen expression (in vivo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ira Widjiastuti ◽  
Ari Subiyanto ◽  
Evri Kusumah Ningtyas ◽  
Rendy Popyandra ◽  
Michael Golden Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Pulp Capping ◽  
Collagen Expression ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Thickness

Background: Propolis is a natural biocompatible material that has been widely studied in dentistry because of its inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. One of the active components is caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). CAPE is effective in stimulating collagen as well as inhibiting the inflammation and degeneration of dental pulp. Purpose: To investigate the post-administration of propolis extract as pulp capping material enhances odontoblast-like cell thickness and type 1 collagen expression in Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Methods: This research was a true experimental design with a posttest-only control group design. Sixty-three Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, with each group consisting of 21 rats: Group I: Positive control; no capping material was administered; Group II: CAPE was administered; Group III: 11% of the propolis extract was administered. All samples were filled with glass ionomer cement. Seven rats from each group were sacrificed after days 7, 14 and 28 of post-pulp capping administration, and their afflicted teeth were subsequently extracted for histologic analysis. Results: No significant difference was seen in odontoblast-like cell thickness after the application of CAPE and propolis on days 7 and 14 (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was noticed on day 28 (p < 0.05), with the thickness of odontoblast-like cell in CAPE being thinner than that in propolis. A significant difference in the expression of type 1 collagen was observed on days 7, 14 and 28 after the application of the propolis extract compared with CAPE (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The post-administration of propolis extract as a pulp capping material could enhance odontoblast-like cell thickness and type 1 collagen expression in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity and Histological Evaluation of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Thaumatococcus Daniellii and Alchornea Cordifolia in Wistar Rat Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p42
Author(s):  
Service @ Ideasspread.org ◽  
Okafor I. J. ◽  
Nweke E. O. ◽  
Ewa O.
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Group I

This study was carried out to ascertain the hepatotoxic potential of T.daniellii (T.d) and A. cordifolia (A.c). Investigations were conducted using standard methods. Oral administration of 200mg/kg aqueous leaf extracts of T.daniellii caused a non-significant increase in the activity of ALT (5.43±0.60IU/L), AST (16.93±0.26 IU/L) and ALP (160.70±1.04 IU/L) compared to the values recorded on the normal control (group I) ALT (3.84±0.16 IU/L), AST (14.19±0.52 IU/L) and ALP (157.26±0.64 IU/L). Group III administered with 200mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of T. daniellii manifested a significant elevation in the activity of ALT (13.15±0.89 IU/L), AST (22.84±0.38 IU/L) and ALP (170.40±0.44 IU/L) compared to the normal control. Similarly, groups IV and V which were orally administered with 200mg/kg aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of A. cordifolia showed significant increase in the activity of ALT (6.32±0.33U/L), AST (17.70±0.030U/L) and ALP (161.13±0.09U/L) and ALT (7.55±0.59U/L), AST (19.35±0.26U/L) and ALP (165.38±0.35U/L) respectively compared to the values recorded on the control (group I). In conclusion, drug development protocols involving T. daniellii leaf should preferably use water as an ideal solvent. On the other hand, the hepatotocity associated with both aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. cordifolia could imply the presence of hepatotoxins in the leaf of the said plant.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HESPERETIN TREATMENT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL, SPERMATOZOA QUALITY, AND SPERMATOZOA QUANTITY IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerdy Nerdy ◽  
Linta Meliala ◽  
Bunga Rimta Barus ◽  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Selamat Ginting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sugar Levels

Male infertility has occurred rapidly in the last few decades, primarily in developing countries. An antioxidant, hesperetin is a flavonoid that is found in abundance in orange peels. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of hesperetin on blood sugar levels, spermatozoaquality, and spermatozoa quantity. The research structure included induction of diabetes mellitus and treatment for 8 weeks, followed bydetermination of blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quality, and spermatozoa quantity. Hesperetin has the ability to restore blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quantity, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight, volume, and germinal epithelial layer thickness with significant difference from the normal control group. Hesperetin did not fully restore spermatozoa motility, viability, and morphology with significant difference from the normal control group, nor from the positive control group. However, overall, hesperetin decreased blood glucose levels, increased spermatozoa quantity, and improved the spermatozoa quality in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus mice. Dose-dependent activity was observed with the optimum dose at 200 mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanol Seed Extract of Aframomum melegueta (Alligator Pepper) on Wistar Rats with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Induced Hemolytic Anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damilola A. Omoboyowa ◽  
Agha O. Aja ◽  
Florence Eluu ◽  
Kerian C. Ngobidi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wbc Count

The prevalence of parasitic infections such as malaria, which leads to decrease in hematological indices, the major cause of anemia, constitutes a serious health challenge in many developing countries such as Nigeria. This study investigated the effect of methanol seed extract of Aframomum melegueta on selected hematological indices of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH)-induced anemic rats model. The toxicity study and qualitative phytochemical screening of the extract were carried out using standard procedure. Twenty Wistar rats were grouped into five of four rats each (n = 4). Group I: Normal control; Group II: Negative control; Group III: administered 20 ml/kg b.w. of Astifer (Standard drug); Group IV and V were administered 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, respectively. The animals of Groups II to V were induced with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (20 mg/kg b.w.) once daily for seven consecutive days; their blood samples were collected by ocular puncture into heparinized capillary tubes for hematological analysis and animals with packed cell volume (PCV) ≥ 30% reduction were considered anemic for the study. The result of the qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that the methanol extract tested positive to alkaloids, carbohydrate, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. Acute toxicity and lethality studies on methanol extract showed an oral LD50 equal or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. in mice. The rats administered 20 ml/kg b.w. of Astifer showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in PCV, hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophils count compared with the normal control animals. The rats administered 200 mg/kg b.w. of A. melegueta showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher PCV and WBC count; non significant (P > 0.05) decrease in hemoglobin count, RBC, platelet, neutrophils and lymphocyte count compared with the normal control animals. The rats administered 400 mg/kg b.w. of A. melegueta showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in hemoglobin, platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and neutrophils count; non significant (P > 0.05) lower PCV, RBC, WBC count, and lymphocyte count compared with anemic rats administered with 0.3 ml of normal saline. It can be concluded that Aframomum melegueta seed has beneficial immunological and hematological properties in Wistar rats and possessed erythropoietic potentials at minimal dose that support its use for treating anemia.

scholarly journals Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Akheruz Zaman Ahmed ◽  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Prakashchandra Shetty ◽  
Melanie Rose D’Souza
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV). Group III and group IV animals were prophylactically treated with methyl gallate 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day orally, respectively, for seven days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered through an intraperitoneal route to group II, III, and IV animals on the seventh day to induce acute cardiotoxicity. On the 8th day, besides ECG analysis, serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA, and GSH were assayed. Following gross examination of isolated hearts, histopathological evaluation was performed by light microscopy. A significant ( p  < 0.05) cardiac injury, as well as oxidative stress, was observed in doxorubicin control rats in comparison to normal control rats. Methyl gallate at both the doses significantly ( p  < 0.05) reduced doxorubicin-induced ECG changes, dyslipidaemia, and elevation of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and increased GSH level. Methyl gallate reversed the doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes in the heart. The present study revealed that methyl gallate exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of methyl gallate as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.

EVALUATION OF EX VIVO ANTICATARACT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS LEAVES ON DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED CATARACT BY USING ISOLATED GOAT LENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Bandaru ◽  
Ramu A ◽  
Vijetha P ◽  
Vidhyadhara S ◽  
Nandini P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alstonia Scholaris ◽  
Group I

Objective: To investigate the ex vivo anticataract activity of ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS) leaves on dexamethasone-induced cataract using isolated goat lens.Methods: Anticataract activity is done using isolated goat lens. Goat lens was divided into four groups. Group I: Lens was incubated in artificial aqueous humor (normal control). Group II: Lens was incubated with dexamethasone 10 mg (toxic control). Group III and IV: Lens was incubated with dexamethasone and EEAS (50 µg and 100 µg) and subjected to photographic evaluation for opacity; lens was homogenized using Tris-phosphate buffer, and sodium, potassium, total protein, and catalase concentrations were determined.Results: The grades of opacity were 0, 3, 1, and 1 in group I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The present study showed higher total proteins (p<0.05 at all concentration) and K+  ions (p<0.05 at all concentration), whereas lower concentrations of Na+  ions (p<0.05 at all concentration) with EEAS-treated groups. The level of catalase was found to be less in experimentally induced cataract lenses as compared to normal control group. The lenses treated with EEAS showed a significant rise in enzyme level suggesting maintenance of antioxidant enzyme integrity.Conclusion: The present investigation suggests that EEAS leaves effectively prevent the cataractogenic condition. Thus, the goat lens model and dexamethasone-induced cataract model could be used for testing of various anticataract agents.Keywords: Cataract, Artificial aqueous humor, Lens, Dexamethasone, Alstonia scholaris. 

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HEMATINIC ACTIVITY OF NAGA BHASMA IN PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED ANEMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADAV AV ◽  
UNDALE VR
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Spleen Enlargement

Objective: Bhasmas are biologically produced nanoparticles prescribed with several other medicines of Ayurveda. Metal-based drugs are prepared by transmutation of base metals into noble ones along with the use of plant extracts meant to eradicate the toxic effects of metal. Naga bhasma (NB) is one of such metallic preparation used in various diseases such as diarrhea, spleen enlargement, and diabetes. The present study aims to test the hematinic activity of NB against phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anemia in rats. Methods: The experiment was carried on Wistar rats of either sex (150–200 g). Anemia was induced by an oral administration of PHZ 40 mg/kg for a period of 2 days. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured on the 3rd day. Rats with Hb <11 g/dl were selected for the study. The animals were divided into six groups containing six animals each. Group I served as normal control, Group II as anemic control, and Group III was considered as standard that received ferrous sulfate (100 mg/kg), while Groups IV, V, and VI were treated with test NB 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 15 days. Hb was checked on the 0, 2nd, 7th, and 15th days. Results: Oral administration of PHZ decreased Hb from 14 g/dl at day 0 to 11 g/dl at day 2. NB induced a significant increase in Hb concentration to 13 at the dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. after 48 h. Conclusion: PHZ decreased Hb rate inducing anemia. NB caused an increase in the Hb values in anemic rats. Thus, it can be concluded that NB exhibits significant hematinic activity in rats.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GEL AIR KELAPA GADING (COCOS CAPITATA) TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PADA HIPERSENSITIVITAS DENTIN Studi in vivo terhadap tikus wistar jantan

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Chariza Hanum Mayvita Iskandar ◽  
Yayun Siti Rochmah ◽  
Arlina Nurhapsari
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Ivory palm water (Cocos capitata) has a high potassium content. Potassium ion can depolarized excited dental nerve on dentin hypersensitivity. This study was to determine the effect of water gel ivory palm against dentine hypersensitivity by the anxiety level of mice using RGS (Rat Grimace Scale).Method: This research has been through ethical clearance which researchmethod was quasy experimental in vivo. The sample was 16 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) male 4-5 months with 4 mice in each group. Group I as a positive control. Group II as the ivory palm water gel 10% treatment group. Group III as the ivory palm water gel 70% treatment group. Group IV as a negative control. Research data analysis used Kruskal Wallis test with p <0.05 then continued by Mann Whitney test.Result: Kruskal Wallis test obtained significant difference between the four study groups (p <0.05). Mann Whitney test results in comparison either between positive control group and ivory palm water gel 10% and 70%, and comparison group of ivory palm water gel 10% and 70% weren’t significantly different.Conclusion: This study conclusion there was no significant difference between ivory palm water gel 10 % and 70 % in reducing anxiety level in male Wistar rats with dentinal hypersensitivity

scholarly journals Body Weight Determination and Histological Examination of Livers in Normal Rats Administered with Tamsulosin

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1340
Author(s):  
M. Dikko ◽  
Y. Sarkingobir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Morphology

The objective of this study was to investigate histopathology of livers and carry out body weight determination in normal rats administered with  tamsulosin. Standard methods and procedures were used in this study. The results were revealed. Pertaining weight, at the 3rd , 6th and 8th weeks of the study, no significant difference (P>0.05) in weight was found in the group of rats treated with carvedilol (positive control), tamsulosin low dose (12μg/kg) and high dose tamsulosin (40μg/kg) compared to normal control group, respectively. Other inter-groups comparisons were not significantly different, respectively. Pertaining liver morphology, liver sections of groups revealed no significant histological lesions compared to the normal control group at the 6th and 8th weeks of the study, respectively. This study revealed that the tamsulosin cause no histopathological lesion, thus the drug might be safe to the liver and its biochemical processes. Keywords: Tamsulosin, Liver, histopathology, weight, Wistar rats

scholarly journals The effect of meniran herbs extract (Phyllantus niruri) to triglycerides blood level in wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
JUDO YUSTANTO KAHONO ◽  
KISRINI KISRINI ◽  
YUL MARIYAH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group Ii

Kahono JY, Kisrini, Mariyah Y. 2012. The effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri) extract to blood triglyceride level in rats. Biofarmasi 10: 23-27. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of meniran herbs (Phyllantus niruri L.) extract to blood triglycerides level in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This experiment was a laboratory experiment with pre and post-test with a control group design. The samples were 30 male Wistar rats with ±200 gram of body weight and ±2 months old. The samples were divided into five groups by using a purposive random sampling technique and each group consisted of six rats. Group I as a negative control, group II as a positive control, and groups III, IV and V as meniran herbs extract groups with first dose, second dose, and third dose. All rats were simultaneously given with hyperlipemic feed. Group II was simultaneously administered with Cholvastin 0.5 mg/200 grams body weight/day. Groups III, IV and V were simultaneously treated with meniran herbs extract at dose of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/200 grams body weight/day. The total period of this experiment was 21 days. At the day 1st and 21st, blood was collected from rat orbital venous plexus. Serum was analyzed for their pre and post-test blood triglycerides. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc test. The value of p=0.002 (p<0.05) showed there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in delta means of blood triglycerides level among groups. Meniran herbs extract had a significant triglycerides lowering effect against blood triglycerides level of Wistar rats. The most potential of meniran herbs extract dose was 100 mg/200 gram body weight/day.

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