scholarly journals A Preliminary Comparison of In-Person and Telepractice Evaluations of Stuttering

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Megann McGill ◽  
Jordan Siegel ◽  
Natasha Noureal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Evaluation Task ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Participant Experience ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluations ◽  
Age Range

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare in-person and telepractice evaluations of stuttering with adult participants. The research questions were as follows: Is an evaluation for stuttering via telepractice equivalent to an in-person evaluation in terms of (a) duration of individual evaluation tasks and overall length of the evaluation, (b) clinical outcomes across evaluating clinicians, and (c) participant experience? Method Participants were 14 adults who stutter (males = 11; age range: 20–68) who were simultaneously assessed via telepractice and in-person. Comprehensive evaluations included analysis of the speaker's stuttering, evaluation of the speaker's perceptions and attitudes about stuttering, and language testing. Evaluations were administered by either an in-person clinician or a telepractice clinician but were simultaneously scored by both clinicians. Participants were randomly assigned to the in-person-led assessment condition or the telepractice-led assessment condition. Results No statistically significant differences were found between the in-person and telepractice-led evaluations in terms of overall evaluation task duration, evaluation clinical outcomes, or participants' reported experiences. That is, telepractice evaluations for stuttering in adults may be an equivalent option to in-person evaluations. Conclusions Results of this preliminary study indicate that telepractice evaluations of stuttering may be comparable to in-person evaluations in terms of duration, clinical outcomes, and participant experiences. The current study supports the notion that telepractice evaluations may be a viable option for adult clients who stutter. Clinical considerations and future directions for research are discussed.

Meeting the Best Practice for Hearing Aid Verification in Children: Challenges and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-894
Author(s):  
Nur Azyani Amri ◽  
Tian Kar Quar ◽  
Foong Yen Chong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Fitting Hearing Aids

Purpose This study examined the current pediatric amplification practice with an emphasis on hearing aid verification using probe microphone measurement (PMM), among audiologists in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Frequency of practice, access to PMM system, practiced protocols, barriers, and perception toward the benefits of PMM were identified through a survey. Method A questionnaire was distributed to and filled in by the audiologists who provided pediatric amplification service in Klang Valley, Malaysia. One hundred eight ( N = 108) audiologists, composed of 90.3% women and 9.7% men (age range: 23–48 years), participated in the survey. Results PMM was not a clinical routine practiced by a majority of the audiologists, despite its recognition as the best clinical practice that should be incorporated into protocols for fitting hearing aids in children. Variations in practice existed warranting further steps to improve the current practice for children with hearing impairment. The lack of access to PMM equipment was 1 major barrier for the audiologists to practice real-ear verification. Practitioners' characteristics such as time constraints, low confidence, and knowledge levels were also identified as barriers that impede the uptake of the evidence-based practice. Conclusions The implementation of PMM in clinical practice remains a challenge to the audiology profession. A knowledge-transfer approach that takes into consideration the barriers and involves effective collaboration or engagement between the knowledge providers and potential stakeholders is required to promote the clinical application of evidence-based best practice.

Behavioural and psychosocial interventions for pain management

2021 ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Winger ◽  
Carolyn E. Keeler ◽  
Francis J. Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Psychosocial Approaches ◽  
Biomedical Treatment

Patients with advanced disease commonly report pain as one of their most feared and distressing symptoms. A biomedical treatment approach that focuses solely on biological factors can be helpful but often fails to adequately address important psychological, social, and spiritual factors that can contribute to pain. Behavioural and psychosocial approaches to understanding and treating pain in patients with advanced disease can be quite helpful in this context. These approaches not only have the potential to reduce pain but also improve patients’ overall adjustment to life-limiting disease. This chapter provides an overview of these approaches. It is divided into four sections, including a summary of the prevalence and undertreatment of pain in patients with advanced disease, a rationale for behavioural and psychosocial approaches to pain management, an overview of the most common and effective behavioural and psychosocial approaches, and clinical considerations and future directions.

Artificial intelligence for anterior segment diseases: Emerging applications in ophthalmology

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Shu Jeng Ting ◽  
Valencia HX Foo ◽  
Lily Wei Yun Yang ◽  
Josh Tjunrong Sia ◽  
Marcus Ang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Corneal Transplant ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Intelligent Healthcare

With the advancement of computational power, refinement of learning algorithms and architectures, and availability of big data, artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly with machine learning and deep learning, is paving the way for ‘intelligent’ healthcare systems. AI-related research in ophthalmology previously focused on the screening and diagnosis of posterior segment diseases, particularly diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. There is now emerging evidence demonstrating the application of AI to the diagnosis and management of a variety of anterior segment conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of AI applications to the anterior segment addressing keratoconus, infectious keratitis, refractive surgery, corneal transplant, adult and paediatric cataracts, angle-closure glaucoma and iris tumour, and highlight important clinical considerations for adoption of AI technologies, potential integration with telemedicine and future directions.

scholarly journals Waist-to-height ratio is a better discriminator of cardiovascular disease than other anthropometric indicators in Kurdish adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Pasdar ◽  
Shima Moradi ◽  
Jalal Moludi ◽  
Somaiyeh Saiedi ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract It has been suggested that abdominal obesity might be a better cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) discriminator than overall obesity. The most appropriate obesity measures for estimating CVD events in Kurdish populations have not been well-recognized. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to determine the cutoff points of BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) as the diagnostic cut-offs to discriminate the prevalent cardiovascular diseases. The data collected from Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort, the first Kurdish population-based study, was analyzed. The information related to BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR of 10,065 adult participants in the age range of 35–65 was analyzed in this study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate the optimum cut-off values and to predict the incidence of cardiac events. The results showed that WHtR had the largest areas under the ROC curve for cardiac events in both male and female participants, and this was followed by WHR, WC, and BMI. The optimal cut-off values for determining the cardiac events in the Kurdish population were BMI = 27.02 kg/m2 for men and BMI = 27.60 kg/m2 for women, WC = 96.05 cm in men and 99.5 cm for women, WHRs = 0.96 in both sexes, and WHtR = 0.56 for men and 0.65 for women. The current study, therefore, showed that WHtR might serve as a better index of prevalent cardiac event than BMI, WHR and WC.

scholarly journals Strengths, Pitfalls, and Lessons from Longitudinal Childhood Asthma Cohorts of Children Followed Up into Adult Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew Tai
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Insight Into

Asthma is a common problem worldwide and longitudinal studies of children followed up into adult life enable the assessment of clinical outcomes, examine the pattern of lung function outcomes, and importantly provide insight into aetiology and prognosis for patients with asthma. The aim of this review is to examine the major childhood asthma cohort studies which have continued into adult life, describing the strengths and weaknesses and the lessons that can be learnt regarding pathophysiology and potential future directions for research.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Confirmed Influenza in Mashhad, Iran in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Tavanaee-Sani ◽  
Roshanak Sharifi ◽  
Zahra Nehbandani ◽  
Mohammad-Hasan Masoudi ◽  
Yasaman Solouki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
The People ◽  
Age Range

Background: Influenza is a contagious and acute viral disease caused by influenza viruses involving upper and lower respiratory tract system, especially in the cold seasons. Children aged less than 5 years old, elderly people, immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, and people with certain health conditions are at a higher risk for the disease and severe complications. Objectives: Due to the serious complications of influenza in certain groups, it is important to know which group of people are more at risk and need prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate the patients with confirmed influenza, identify the people who are at a higher risk for infection, and assess the clinical outcomes of disease among patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, we studied the files of all patients with confirmed influenza referred to the health centers in Mashhad, Iran, during autumn and winter of 2019 when influenza virus was prevalent. The disease was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. We studied all registered data related to the flu, including gender, age, residency, history of vaccination, risk factors, complications, and clinical outcomes. Results: In this study, 2977 patients (3% outpatients vs. 97% hospitalized) with flu like syndrome were tested by RT-PCR for influenza. Out of 84 outpatients, only two cases were positive for influenza. Among hospitalized patients, 80 cases (51% male vs. 49% female; age range: 1 - 87 years) had a positive RT-PCR test, and influenza type A was seen in 95% of cases. Pneumonia was the most common complication. Death happened in 29 (35.36%) patients and three (33.33%) cases with risk factors. The highest number of influenza patients (31 [37.8%]) had been reported from district No. 3 of Mashhad municipality, which is a crowded place and near the holy shrine. Conclusions: The results showed a high prevalence of complication and death among hospitalized patients, especially among those who did not have a risk factor for influenza viruses. Comprehensive vaccination programs and promotion of knowledge about transmission routes are two important measures for disease prevention and lower death rates.

The Neurobiology of Encephalopathy of Prematurity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn J. Gerner ◽  
Vera Joanna Burton
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The risk of brain injury following premature birth increases with birth at earlier gestational ages and lower birthweights. The presentation of brain injury and subsequent neurodevelopmental sequelae in this population are extremely heterogeneous, as the injury is due to multifactorial causes; however, increasing amounts of research are elucidating the underlying mechanisms and pathways. This chapter broadly reviews the neurobiology of encephalopathy of prematurity, as well as clinical considerations, associated neurodevelopmental outcomes, and future directions in clinical care and research.

P115 Subarachnoid haemorrhage with negative initial vascular imaging: a single unit experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e52.2-e52
Author(s):  
F Rasul ◽  
G Silva ◽  
T Fitzpatrick ◽  
S Derakshani ◽  
A Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Vascular Imaging ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Vascular Abnormality ◽  
Cerebral Angiogram ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Age Range

ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence of vascular abnormality and clinical outcomes in a group of patients presenting with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and negative initial vascular investigation.DesignSingle centre prospective cohort study.SubjectsAll adult patients with SAH admitted to our unit over a 12 month period.MethodsProspective collection of data on secure electronic database. Information pertaining to gender, age, mode of initial and subsequent vascular investigations was acquired. Details regarding clinical outcomes at 30 days and complications were documented.Results118 consecutive patients with SAH were admitted to our unit over the 12 month study period. 37 patients had negative initial vascular imaging (37/118=31.4%). M:F=19:18, age range 26–76 years. 32 patients underwent a high quality CT angiogram as initial vascular investigation, 5 patients underwent catheter cerebral angiogram (DSA). The most common modality of further vascular imaging was DSA. 5 vascular abnormalities were detected on subsequent vascular imaging (5/37=13.5%). Hydrocephalus and vasospasm were the commonest complications. Clinical outcomes were very good; all patients had a GOS of 5 at 30 days.ConclusionsPatients with SAH and negative initial vascular investigation are an important subset of patients with SAH. There is no uniformity in the type of subsequent vascular investigations selected. Our experience is consistent with previously published studies.

Difference in Standard Scores of Adults on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Revised and Third Edition)

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Pankratz ◽  
Andrea Morrison ◽  
Elena Plante
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Differences in the standard scores for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R; L. M. Dunn & L. M. Dunn, 1981) and the PPVT-Third Edition (PPVT-III; Dunn & Dunn, 1997b) are known to exist for children, with typically higher scores occurring on the PPVT-III. However, these tests are administered into adulthood as well, and score equivalence must be evaluated for this age range. Analysis of data from the PPVT-R and PPVT-III tests from 76 adult participants revealed significant score differences. Participants with poor language skills scored significantly higher on the PPVT-III than on the PPVT-R. The control group showed no significant difference between the PPVT-R and PPVT-III scores. The results suggest that the two tests should not be considered interchangeable.

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