Auditory Reaction Times for Functional and Nonfunctional Hearing Loss

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Wood ◽  
Edward L. Goshorn ◽  
Robert W. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Probability Of Response

Differences in decision processes as measured by auditory reaction times of simulated or actual functional hearing-loss subjects and nonfunctional subjects were investigated. Sensation level data are presented that reflect marked differences between such individuals with regard to probability of response, and means and standard deviations of auditory reaction times. Means and standard deviations of auditory reaction times for nonfunctional subjects are greatly reduced when compared with results obtained by simulated or actual functional subjects. Probability of response data was less effective in differentiating functional from nonfunctional subjects. Individuals who were trained to simulate hearing loss responded in a manner similar to functional patients. The results of this study suggest that auditory reaction time measures can be employed to determine the existence or nonexistence of functional hearing loss with considerable accuracy.

Influences of Respiratory Cycle on Simple Reaction Time

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monte Buchsbaum ◽  
Enoch Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Respiratory Cycle ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Warning Light ◽  
Respiratory Phase ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Phase Data

The effect of respiration on simple auditory reaction time was studied. In the first study, reaction times and respiratory phase data were collected during spontaneous breathing; in Study 2, a warning light signaled S to hold his breath in either inspiration or expiration. Both experiments showed faster reaction times with expiration. This is contradictory to reaction time findings reported by other investigators who have studied effects of respiration.

scholarly journals Decreased ability to acquire food of a captive deaf dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Slower reaction times and lower success rates

SURG Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Oceanic anthropogenic noise, such as naval sonar, can cause temporary hearing loss in cetaceans, but it is not known to what extent hearing loss affects cetacean behaviours such as feeding. This study used a captive deaf Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) to test the hypothesis that hearing loss would decrease a dolphin’s ability to acquire food by preventing echolocation (using echoes to locate fish). Reaction time (time to acquire dropped fish) and success rate (percentage of successfully acquired fish) were measured for the deaf dolphin and for two dolphins with no known hearing disabilities at Dolphins Plus in Florida in May 2009. The deaf dolphin had a significantly slower mean reaction time and a significantly lower mean success rate than those of the two other dolphins. A hydrophone suggested that the deaf dolphin could not echolocate, and thus relied mainly on vision. The results illustrate that hearing loss can negatively affect a dolphin’s ability to acquire food. Therefore, sources and effects of dolphin hearing loss require further investigation in order to provide targets for anthropogenic noise levels.

Simple Auditory Reaction Time in Blind and Sighted Adolescents

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Age And Sex

This study compared simple auditory reaction times of 20 subjects aged between 11 and 15 yr. ( M = 13), 10 born-blind from the Louis Braille Institut (Montréal) and 10 normal sighted subjects of the same age and sex. Their task was to press a telegraph key as fast as possible after presentation of an auditory stimulus. Each subject executed five blocks of 10 trials; the blocks were separated by a rest period of 1 min. The results showed no significant difference ( p > .05) between born-blind and sighted people of the same sex and chronological age in regard to simple auditory reaction time.

Detection of cognitive impairment by choice auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) s during acute mental stress in young hypertensives: A case control study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitthal Khode ◽  
Satish Patil ◽  
Girish Babu ◽  
Komal Ruikar ◽  
Sakshi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute stress is known to be associated with both negative and positive influences on cognitive performance. Hypertension is one of the risk factors for lowered cognitive performance. Mental stress testing is easier to administer and can be regulated by the investigator. Mental arithmetic, using serial subtraction, is the most widely used method to administer stress. Reaction time (RT) is widely used to assess cognitive domains like attention, execution, and psychomotor speed. Researchers have shown that choice reaction times are delayed in hypertension. It is not known whether acute mental stress improves or deteriorates attention, execution, and psychomotor speed in hypertension. We hypothesized in the present study that acute mental stress deteriorates cognitive function in hypertensives without overt cerebro-vascular disease or other vascular risk factors. Method: After getting medical ethical clearance from our institution, this case-control study was carried out over eight months (January 2017 to September 2017). 60 subjects between the age group of 35 to 55 years were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 diagnosed cases of hypertension with at least two years of duration. Group 2 consisted of 30 sex and age-matched controls. MMSE was performed to assess the cognitive function in these groups. Simple (S) and choice (C) auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) were measured at rest and acute mental stress in these groups to assess cognitive function. The predictive value of VRTC resting and VRTC during acute mental stress among hypertensives for cognitive dysfunction was calculated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: There was a significant difference between ART and VRT, both simple and choice in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects, and these reaction times further increased during mental stress. (P<0.001). VCRT can be a predictor of cognitive dysfunction in hypertensives and during acute mental stress. Conclusion: A significant difference in cognitive functions in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects exists, and this further deteriorates with acute mental stress.

scholarly journals A Cross Sectional Study - Effect of Postural Changes on Choice Reaction Time with Reference to Body Mass Index in Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 740-744
Author(s):  
Anita Gaule ◽  
Gourav Bhattad ◽  
Aditi Sood
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

BACKGROUND Reaction time (RT) is a simple, non-invasive means of estimating sensorimotor coordination and monitoring performance of an individual. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on RT, suggests that underweight, overweight and obese have increased RT as compared to normal BMI individuals. We wanted to compare the effects of supine, sitting and standing postures on RT and determine the influence of BMI on the same. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was carried out over 2 months in the Department of Physiology on 60 medical students (30 males and 30 females). Visual and auditory choice reaction times of subjects were measured in supine, sitting and standing postures for green, red and yellow colours and high, medium and low frequency sounds. RESULTS In sitting posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and visual reaction time (VRT) while the correlation between auditory reaction time (ART) and BMI was weak negative but non-significant. In standing posture, non-significant and weak negative correlation was observed between BMI and VRT, also the correlation between ART and BMI was weak negative but not significant. In supine posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and ART while the correlation between VRT and BMI was weak negative but not significant. CONCLUSIONS When compared with normal BMI group, higher BMI subjects had longer visual as well as auditory reaction times. The difference was not found to be statistically significant though. A weak or moderate negative correlation between BMI and reaction time (r value < 0.4 in magnitude) was observed in three different postures. KEYWORDS Choice Reaction Time, Visual Reaction Time, Auditory Reaction Time, Posture, Body Mass Index

Control of Sensorimotor Variability by Consequences

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 2255-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Madelain ◽  
Lucie Champrenaut ◽  
Alan Chauvin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Latency Distributions

Studies of reaction-time distributions provide a useful quantitative approach to understand decision processes at the neural level and at the behavioral level. A strong relationship between the spread of latencies and the median is generally accepted even though there has been no attempt to disentangle experimentally these two parameters. Here we test the ability to independently control the median and the variability in reaction times. Reaction times were measured in human subjects instructed to make a discrimination between a target and a distractor in a 2AFC task. In a first experiment, saccadic latencies were measured. In a second experiment, we used manual response reaction times. Subjects were trained to produce four different reaction-time distributions. A reinforcing feedback was given depending on both the variability and the median of the latency distributions. When low variability was reinforced, the standard deviation (SD) of reaction-time distributions were reduced by a factor of two and when high variability was reinforced, the SD returned to baseline level. Our procedure independently affected the spread and the median of the distribution patterns. By fitting the latency distributions using the Reddi and Carpenter LATER model, we found that these effects could be simulated by changing the distribution of the noise affecting the decision process. Our results demonstrate that learned contingencies can affect reaction time variability and support the view that the so-called noise level in decision processes can undergo long-term changes.

Effects of Prestimulus Interval on Phonation Initiation Reaction Times

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Izdebski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Paradigm ◽  
Initiation Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time

Latencies for phonation initiation (from adducted, abducted, and a subject method, prephonatory vocal-fold position) were studied in 30 young adults under an auditory reaction time paradigm as a function of random prestimulus intervals. Shortest latencies were obtained when the auditory stimulus was presented within a 1000- to 2000-millisecond flame. Stimulus delivery at intervals exceeding or preceding this time flame increases the latency of vocal reaction.

scholarly journals Effect of yogic relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction times

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Lopamudra Naik
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Relaxation Technique ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
To Receive

Background: Human beings receive various types of stimuli in day to day life and respond to them accordingly. The time taken to receive a stimulus, it's processing and giving a response is different for every individual at minute level, in milliseconds. This time interval is called reaction time. Various yogic practices are found to influence the Reaction Time of individuals. Aim of the work was to evaluate the immediate effect of deep relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction time.Methods: Auditory and visual reaction times have been measured using simple reaction time tasks in Inquisit software (version 4.0.10.0). 115 healthy yoga students from SVYASA Yoga university, between the age group of 20 to 50 years were taken for the study. Pre and post measurements of auditory reaction time and visual reaction time was done.10 minutes of pre-recorded DRT was given as intervention and immediately after that reaction times were measured.Results: There was a significant decline in the ART and VRT observed in the Post DRT condition. Statistical analysis was carried out using JASP software.Conclusions: The significant decrease in Auditory and Visual Reaction Time shows that DRT helps to increase the awareness and attention of individuals. 

Examination of the Effects of Autogenic Training on the Reaction Time Performance of the National Badminton Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3181-3184
Author(s):  
Dondu Ugurlu ◽  
Ismail Ilbak ◽  
Mehmet Akarsu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Autogenic Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Although there is a consensus among researchers that autogenic training has positive effects on the psychological state of athletes, there have not been enough studies on its effects on physical performance yet. Therefore, the effects of autogenic training on physical performance is an important question that remains to be clarified. The fact that there is no research examining the effects of autogenic training on reaction time performance constitutes the original value of the study. Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the effects of autogenic training applied during 8 weeks on the visual and auditory reaction time performances of national badminton athletes. Methods: 15 male (experimental group=8 and control group=7) national badminton player between the ages of 18-23 residing in the province of Malatya participated in the study voluntarily. In addition to the training program, autogenic training was applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, after warming up. The control group continued their regular training. In order to determine the effects of the training, the pre-test and post-test was applied to the participants. SPSS 23 Package Program was used for the analysis of the data. The data were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test, one of the Non-Parametric tests. The significance level was taken as p<.05. Results: The mean age of the experimental group (N=8) was 19.88±1.81, the mean height was 173.75±4.10, and the mean body weight was 68.13±5.52. The mean age of the control group (N=7) was 19.72±1.80, the mean height was 175.72±7.87, and the mean body weight was 67.58±6.61.It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the right and left hand visual reaction times and the right and left hand auditory reaction times of the experimental and control groups (p>.05). Conclusion: As a result, autogenic training does not have a statistically significant effect on the visual and auditory reaction time of national badminton athletes. Keywords: Autogenic training, badminton, reaction time

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