Growth and survival of river catfish Mystus nemurus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) larvae fed isocaloric diets with different protein levels during weaning

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Eguia ◽  
M. S. Kamarudin ◽  
C. B. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Mystus Nemurus

The effects of dietary protein content on growth and maturation in deer mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1822-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G McAdam ◽  
John S Millar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Nestling Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

Growth and female maturation appear to be limited by the availability of dietary protein in natural populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus borealis) in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta. We examined the effects of dietary protein content on nestling growth rates and sexual maturation of female deer mice in two laboratory experiments. In the first, mice whose mothers were fed a low-protein mixture of sunflower seeds and oats (14% protein) exhibited slow growth prior to weaning and those fed high-protein cat food (30% protein) postweaning showed compensatory growth. Preweaning but not postweaning diet quality affected the proportion of females who were sexually mature at 42 days of age. Therefore, while deficient nestling growth can be compensated for, the effects of a low-quality maternal diet during lactation may have lasting effects on the maturation of female offspring. In the second experiment, mice raised on isocaloric diets of 14, 20, and 30% protein did not differ in growth as nestlings or juveniles. Differences among the three diets in the proportion of mature females at 42 days did not correspond to dietary protein levels as predicted. Dietary protein content from 14 to 30% appear to be sufficient for juvenile mice raised in captivity.

scholarly journals Growth of green catfish seed fed on sludge worm and artificial feed combination

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Netti Aryani ◽  
Niken Ayu Pamungkas ◽  
. Adelina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Mystus Nemurus

<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">This research aimed to obtain information of growth and survival of green catfish (<em>Mystus nemurus</em>) juvenile fed with sludge worm (<em>Tubifex</em> sp.; T) and artificial diet (PB) and added with the combination of 50% soybean pulp waste and 50% freshwater trash fish. Feeding was performed in several variation of time during 40 days of fish rearing. Average body length of juvenile was 12 mm and weight 2.8±0.0 mg, maintained at a density of 30 individuals/aquarium. The treatment in this research was T10PB30 (8–18 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm and 18–48 days old fish were fed with artificial diet), T20PB20 (8–28 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm and 28–48 days old were fed with artificial diet), T30PB10 (8–38 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm and 38–48 days old were given artificial diet), PB40 (8–48 days old juvenile were fed artificial diet), T40 (8–48 days old juvenile were fed with sludge worm). The results indicated that the treatment of 40 days feeding with sludge worm provided the best growth and survival as daily growth rate of 16.4±28.0 g/day, the growth of the absolute length was 43.60±0.01 mm, the absolute body weight 2,047.2±35.0 mg and the survival rate was 96.44%. The best artificial feeding treatment was feeding with sludge worm for 30 days and with 10 days of artificial diet, results in daily growth rate of 4.53±0,25 mm/day, the growth of the absolute length 40.00±0.04 mm, the absolute body weight 1,447.2±15.0 mg, and the survival rate 94.44±2.60%.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: artificial feed, sludge worm, growth, green catfish</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi pertumbuhan dan sintasan benih ikan baung (<em>Mystus nemurus</em>) dengan pemberian cacing sutra (<em>Tubifex</em> sp.; T) dan pakan buatan (PB) kombinasi 50% limbah ampas tahu dan 50% ikan rucah air tawar. Pakan diberikan dengan variasi lama waktu berbeda selama pemeliharaan 40 hari. Rerata panjang awal benih adalah 12 mm dan bobot tubuh 2,8±0,0 mg, dipelihara dengan kepadatan 30 ekor/akuarium. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah T10PB30 (benih umur 8–18 hari diberi pakan cacing sutra dan umur 18–48 hari pakan buatan), T20PB20 (benih umur 8–28 hari diberi cacing sutra dan umur 28–48 pakan buatan), T30PB10 (benih umur 8–38 diberi pakan cacing sutra dan umur 38–48 diberi pakan buatan), PB40 (benih umur 8–48 hari diberi pakan buatan), T40 (benih umur 8–48 hari diberi pakan cacing sutra). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama waktu pemberian cacing sutra dan pakan buatan yang terbaik adalah pemberian pakan cacing sutra selama 40 hari dengan laju pertumbuhan harian 16,4±28,0 g/hari, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 43,60±0,01 mm, bobot mutlak 2.047,2±35,0 mg, dan sintasan 96,44%. Selanjutnya variasi lama waktu pemberian pakan buatan yang terbaik adalah pemberian cacing sutra selama 30 hari dan pakan buatan sepuluh hari dengan laju pertumbuhan harian sebesar 4,53±0,25 mm/hari, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 40,00±0,04 mm, bobot mutlak 1.447,2±15,0 mg, dan sintasan 94,44±2,60%.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: pakan buatan, cacing sutra, pertumbuhan, ikan baung</p><p> </p>

A note on the effect of variation in crude protein level in diets for bacon pigs

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. R. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

SUMMARYThree treatments involving isocaloric diets with the same levels of lysine and methionine but different crude protein levels were imposed on pigs from 50 to 200 lb live weight. Significant treatment differences were obtained only during the period from 50 to 120 lb live weight when pigs on the 17% protein diet (barley+soya bean meal+white fish meal) had the fastest growth rates and best food conversion efficiencies and pigs on the 11% protein diet (barley only) were the poorest. Pigs fed barley alone also had the fattest carcasses.

scholarly journals Parallel analysis of Arabidopsis circadian clock mutants reveals different scales of transcriptome and proteome regulation

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 160333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Graf ◽  
Diana Coman ◽  
R. Glen Uhrig ◽  
Sean Walsh ◽  
Anna Flis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Future System ◽  
Clock Mutant ◽  
Genes Encoding

The circadian clock regulates physiological processes central to growth and survival. To date, most plant circadian clock studies have relied on diurnal transcriptome changes to elucidate molecular connections between the circadian clock and observable phenotypes in wild-type plants. Here, we have integrated RNA-sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data to comparatively analyse the lhycca1 , prr7prr9 , gi and toc1 circadian clock mutant rosette at the end of day and end of night. Each mutant affects specific sets of genes and proteins, suggesting that the circadian clock regulation is modular. Furthermore, each circadian clock mutant maintains its own dynamically fluctuating transcriptome and proteome profile specific to subcellular compartments. Most of the measured protein levels do not correlate with changes in their corresponding transcripts. Transcripts and proteins that have coordinated changes in abundance are enriched for carbohydrate- and cold-responsive genes. Transcriptome changes in all four circadian clock mutants also affect genes encoding starch degradation enzymes, transcription factors and protein kinases. The comprehensive transcriptome and proteome datasets demonstrate that future system-driven research of the circadian clock requires multi-level experimental approaches. Our work also shows that further work is needed to elucidate the roles of post-translational modifications and protein degradation in the regulation of clock-related processes.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF QUALITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION ON PULLET DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSEQUENT EGG PRODUCTION.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
A. SEKONI ◽  
P. C. NJOKU ◽  
J. M. OLOMU ◽  
S. O. OGUNDIPE ◽  
S. A. OFFIONG
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding different protein levels  during the rearing and development of egg-type  pullets as well as on eventual egg production was investigated in two experiments. In experiment I, the dietary crude protein (CP) regimens (and old to point of lay notations) in isocaloric diets for the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively for treatment 1: 20% and 16% (20:16), treatment 2: 16% and 16% (16:16), treatment 3: 12% and 12% (12:12), treatment 4: 16% and 12% (16:12), treatment 5:20% and 12% (20:12) and for treatment 6 theregimens comprised 20% for 0-8 weeks, 16% for9-16 weeks and 12% for 17-20 weeks (20:16:12) In experiment 2, treatments 1 to 5 for experiments 1 were repeated while three step-up dietary treatments 6, 7 and 8 were evaluated in addition. For the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively, the CP regimens for treatment 6 were 12% and 16% (12:20) and for traetment 7, 12% and 20% (12:20) and for treatment 8, 16% and 20% (16:20). From 20 weeks in each experiment, a common layer diet containing 16% CP and 2,449 Kcals metabolizable energy per kg was fed ad libitum to all treatments and all the subsequent egg production was monitored for a further 16 weeks . Both studies indicated that production was reported egg-type chickens fed diets with a drastic protein restriction (12%) in the starting period (0-8 weeks) had significantly reduced body weights at 20 weeks and delayed sexual maturity.  However, when such birds were subsequently (9-20 weeks) offered diets with higher protein content significant compensatory effects on weight gain and feed conversion were indicated. The step-up CP règimens in experiment 2 performed.

scholarly journals Growth and survival of juvenile cauque river prawn Macrobrachium americanum fed with diets containing different protein levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Perez Rodriguez ◽  
Stig Yamasaki Granados ◽  
Marcelo Garcia Guerrero ◽  
Marcel Martinez Porchas ◽  
Yuniel Mendez Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Protein Levels

scholarly journals GFI1-Dependent SGPP1 Repression Promotes Growth and Survival of Myeloma Cells

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4387-4387
Author(s):  
Daniela Nicoleta Petrusca ◽  
Evgeny Berdyshev ◽  
Colin D. Crean ◽  
Judith L Anderson ◽  
G. David Roodman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
P53 Status

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable for the vast majority of patients due to emergence of drug resistant clones and mutations inducing drug resistant relapses. This is despite the fact that new therapies have greatly improved progression-free and overall survival for patients with standard risk myeloma. We recently found that the transcriptional repressor GFI1 is increased in bone marrow stromal cells of MM patients (MM-BMSC) where it causes prolonged suppression of osteoblast differentiation, and in CD138+ cells from MM patients, where GFI1 levels significantly correlate with disease progression. We also found that GFI1 overexpression (o/e) enhances MM cell growth and partially confers resistance to proteasome inhibitors in vitro as well as enhances tumor growth and osteoclastogenesis in vivo. Although the mechanisms responsible for these GFI1 effects in p53wt MM cells were p53-dependent, we found that GFI1 is also essential for MM cell survival regardless of their p53 status. The p53-independent mechanisms responsible for Gfi1 effects on MM cells growth and survival of are unknown. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that can control MM cell growth and survival. The balance between the levels of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its metabolic precursors ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine (SPH) form a rheostat that determines whether a cell proliferates or dies. We hypothesized that GFI1 represses SGPP1, the enzyme responsible for degrading S1P via salvage and recycling of sphingosine into long-chain ceramides. This repression changes the intracellular sphingolipid profile (Cer/S1P/SPH ratio) to maintain c-Myc upregulation in a protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A)-dependent manner, thus promoting growth and survival of MM cells. To test this hypothesis we measured S1P, SPH and Cer levels by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS evaluation showed that bone marrow plasma of MM patients has significant higher levels of S1P when compared to normal donors. Moreover, intracellular S1P levels of MM.1S GFI1 o/e cells were also significantly higher as compared to those of MM.1S empty vector controls. Knock-down (KD) of Gfi1 in MM.1S cells strikingly increased SGPP1 and decreased SphK1 (the enzyme which catalyzes S1P production) mRNA levels, while GFI1 o/e cells had the opposite effect. We found that CD138+ cells isolated from MM patients expressed elevated levels of SphK1 mRNA compared to MGUS patients, and that SphK1 protein levels directly correlate with GFI1 levels in MM patient CD138+ cells and cell lines (r= 0.527). We also detected an indirect correlation (r= -0.961) between GFI1 and SGPP1 mRNA levels in five different MM cell lines. These results indicate a GFI1-dependent imbalance of the enzymes regulating S1P production. Further, KD GFI1 and SphK1 inhibition (5 μM SK1I) had a profound inhibitory effect on c-Myc protein levels and induced caspase 3 activation as detected by Western blotting, while GFI1 o/e cells had significant higher levels of c-Myc and were more resistant to SK1I treatment. Exogenous ceramide (10 μM Cer 16:0) treatment or SphK1 inhibition (5 μM SK1I), both treatments known to trigger intracellular ceramide production, significantly inhibited MM cell viability (measured by AlamarBlue), regardless of their p53 status (MM1.S p53 +/+ and KMS-11 p53 -/-). This inhibition of MM viability was GFI1-dependent, as GFI1 o/e cells were significantly more resistant to ceramide-induced cell death, which was PP2A dependent, as PP2A inhibition with okadaic acid (OA) restored it. MM.1S cells with KD of GFI1 exhibited significantly higher PP2A activity then control cells, supporting our observation that c-Myc modulation by GFI1 is PP2A-dependent. c-Myc protein levels were significantly decreased in MM.1S control cells treated with ceramide and rescued by OA pre-treatment; thus mimicking the effects of changing GFI1 levels and I2PP2A (the PP2A endogenous inhibitor) and confirms that PP2A mediates the effects of GFI1 on c-Myc. Taken together, our results show that GFI1 acts as a key regulator of MM growth and survival, at least partially through modulation of SGPP1. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism to modulate the levels of specific bioactive lipid components that can modify cancer cell fate may provide a new and attractive therapeutic approach for MM. Disclosures Roodman: Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Elaborating the Role of Natural Products on the Regulation of Autophagy and their Potentials in Breast Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunian Zhou ◽  
Grace Gar-Lee Yue ◽  
Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui ◽  
Jianxin Pu ◽  
Kwok-Pui Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Lysosomal Hydrolases ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Anti Cancer

Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal/vacuolar degradation system, in which the inner cytoplasmic cell membrane is degraded by the lysosomal hydrolases, followed by the resulting products released back into the cytosol. It is involved in many physiological processes which are crucial for cell growth and survival. However, disturbance in the autophagic process is often associated with a variety of human diseases, such as cancer. Breast cancer is one of the most malignant tumors characterized by the imbalanced cell proliferation, apoptosis as well as disordered autophagy regulation. The alterations of autophagy related genes or protein levels in breast cancer cells also suggested a potential implication of autophagy in breast cancer development and progression. Many natural products had been reported as potential anti-cancer agents or being considered as direct or indirect sources of new chemotherapy adjuvants to enhance the efficacy or to ameliorate the side effects through the modulation of autophagy. Investigation of the underlying mechanism of these compounds could be crucial for the development of new therapeutic or chemopreventive options for breast cancer treatment. In this review, a summary of those natural products that can regulate autophagy in breast cancer is presented and the potential value of such autophagy modulators on the development of anti-cancer drugs is also discussed.

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