scholarly journals Influence of a biological fungicide on the development and spreading of Alternaria alternata on vegetable crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 04018
Author(s):  
Oksana Kremneva ◽  
Svetlana Nekoval ◽  
Alexey Pachkin ◽  
Anastasia Zakharchenko ◽  
Ksenia Gasiyan
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Krasnodar Region

The effect of the biofungicide BFTIM KS-2, Zh on the development and spreading of the Alternaria alternata fungus on vegetable crops (tomato, pepper, eggplant) was studied using classical and modern methods of phytosanitary monitoring. The research was carried out in Krasnodar region in the Pavlovsky District, on the production fields of the ZAO Yubileinoye. To assess the development and spreading of the disease, the classical visual method was used, as well as a modern method for determining the congestion rate of plantings using the OZR-1mp spore trap.The article presents data on the development and spreading of A. alternata, the number of fungal spores on vegetable crops before and after treatments with the biofungicide. It was found that the use of the biological product reduces the development and spreading of the phytopathogen. Its influence is the most effective on tomato and eggplant crops. Also, in the course of research, the possibility of using a spore trap for monitoring Alternaria on vegetable crops has been shown.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF PARTICLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND FUNGAL ISOLATIONS DURING HOSPITAL BUILDING-WORK ACTIVITIES IN A HEMATOLOGY WARD.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e2019062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Pattavina ◽  
Daniele Ignazio La Milia ◽  
Sara Vincenti ◽  
Barbara Fiori ◽  
Riccardo Torelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Clinical Surveillance ◽  
Galactomannan Antigen

Building-work activities could cause dust contamination and dissemination of fungal spores. Significant relationship was found between building-work activities and the incidence of invasive aspergillosis, in highly immunocompromised patients. Renovation-works activities were carried out by four building sites of the hematology ward in a Teaching Hospital without the interruption of clinical activities. These sites were monitored by environmental sampling to determine the particles and fungi count. Clinical surveillance were made using galactomannan antigen test as a proxy for invasive aspergillosis diagnosis. The galactomannan antigen test showed no significant difference between presence (3,85%) or absence (5,76%)  of renovation work activities (p=0,497). The particle counts showed higher values of small and big-diameter particles before the renovation works if compared to the end of the activities. It was probably due to the containment measures implemented during and immediately after the final phases of the building site. The Fungi counts showed no particular differences between the phase before and after of the renovation activities. Our finding show that is possible to perform renovation work, during clinical activities, by increasing the clinical and the environmental surveillance.

scholarly journals SENSIBILIZACIÓN Y EXPOSICIÓN A PÓLENES Y ESPORAS DE HONGOS ALERGÉNICOS AEROTRANSPORTADOS EN CIUDADES DEL SUR DE PERÚ

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Oscar Manuel Calderón Llosa ◽  
Silvia Antonieta Uriarte Obando ◽  
Gregorio Pedro Tejada Monroy
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
Burkard Spore Trap

Introducción y objetivos: Es muy importante el conocimiento de las fluctuaciones estacionales y anuales sobre los pólenes y esporas de hongos alergénicos aerotransportados en cualquier área geográfica. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los aeroalérgenos más importantes en la atmósfera de la ciudad urbana de Tacna a los cuales la población está expuesta y desarrollar un estudio alergológico para establecer perfiles de sensibilización en las ciudades de Tacna y Arequipa. Material y métodos: El conteo polínico y fúngico se realizó de acuerdo a la técnica estandarizada con un equipo Burkard spore trap for 7 days (Burkard manufacturing ®, Herst, United Kingdom) y el procedimiento de análisis recomendado por el comité de aerobiología de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica. El estudio alergológico consistió en anamnesis y pruebas cutáneas con extractos (ALK-abello®, Madrid-España). Resultados: Los 3 tipos de esporas de hongos más relevantes que se encontraron durante el periodo de muestreo en orden de abundancia fueron: Cladosporium herbarum (47,22%), Alternaria alternata (33%). Nigrospora spp (19,8%). También encontramos 4 taxones polínicos: Oleacea (94,1%), Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae (3%), Poaceae (2,08%), Myrtaceoe (Eucalipto)(0,77%). Perfil de sensibilización al polen de Olea europea, en muestras aleatorias en las ciudades de Tacna (40%) y Arequipa (36%) y a Alternaria alternata (4%) y (8%) respectivamente. Conclusiones: Éste es el primer estudio realizado en Perú sobre sensibilización y concentraciones de granos de polen y esporas de hongos medidos por método volumétrico. Sugerimos ampliar estudios e implementar estaciones de aerobiología que provean mayor información y sirvan como guía para una mejor prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para la población de la zona sur de Perú con enfermedades alérgicas.

scholarly journals Comparison of Hossfeld's Method and Two Modern Methods for Volume Estimation of Standing Trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Ducey ◽  
Michael S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Volume Estimates

Abstract Two modern methods, centroid sampling and the paracone model, have been shown to be accurate approaches for obtaining the volumes of trees and logs when taper functions are unavailable or local volume estimates are desired. We show that the equation for whole-tree volume using Hossfeld's method, an older method that has all but disappeared from the North American literature, is nearly identical to that for centroid sampling and the paracone model. Hossfeld's method may be slightly simpler to implement in the field, and like the modern methods, it can be used either for whole trees or for unmerchantable tops. In comparison with detailed measurements taken on 186 ponderosa pine trees from the Black Hills of South Dakota, the paracone model was most accurate for whole trees, but Hossfeld's method was slightly more accurate than centroid sampling. Hossfeld's method was substantially more accurate than either modern method for estimating the volume in tops.

scholarly journals Mass media exposure and use of reversible modern contraceptives among married women in India: An analysis of the NFHS 2015–16 data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254400
Author(s):  
Ranjita Ghosh ◽  
Arupendra Mozumdar ◽  
Aparajita Chattopadhyay ◽  
Rajib Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Mass Media Exposure ◽  
Women In India

Since the inception of the National Programme for Family Planning, messages on family planning (FP) have been promoted across India using different mass media platforms. Mass media plays an important role in disseminating important information among the masses, such as how reversible modern methods give women more reproductive choices than opting for permanent methods that limit their child-bearing capacity. Mass media can provide a continuous flow of information and motivation to deter women from discontinuing the methods they have opted for. However, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, especially using recently available data. This study particularly focuses on exposure to mass media and the use of reversible modern methods of family planning among married women in India. The data for this study was obtained from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16) on currently married women aged 15–49 years. The association of reversible modern method use with media exposure variables was examined, controlling for a set of independent variables from multiple levels—individual, district, state, and region. The findings from this study showed that television was the most important medium for disseminating information on FP among married women in India. Spatial analysis revealed that some districts in the north, parts of the northeast, and Kerala in South India lacked any television exposure. The results from the decomposition analysis showed that mass media exposure was associated with a 14% increase in the use of reversible modern methods. Results from the multilevel analyses showed that exposure to TV along with other media (AOR 1.57 95% CI 1.49–1.65) and exposure to FP messages through different media (AOR 1.22 95% CI 1.12–1.32) had a significant positive effect on the use of reversible modern methods even when various individual, district, state, and regional-level factors were controlled. The findings of this paper provide evidence supporting the use of mass media to promote and increase awareness of voluntary contraceptive use in India. An increase in mass media exposure coupled with improvement in coverage and services of the FP program can significantly increase the use of reversible modern methods in a cost-effective yet efficient manner among women in need of FP services.

scholarly journals Perancangan Aplikasi Pengamanan Data Text Menggunakan Kombinasi Algoritma Hill Cipher Dan Algoritma RSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuza Reswan ◽  
Dedy Agung Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rsa Algorithm ◽  
Hill Cipher ◽  
Modern Methods

ABSTRACTIt is now commonplace that secrecy must be truly enhanced and tightened as it weighs the emergence of the latest technology that is growing rapidly. Of course an agency, group, or individual have data that is confidential and do not want to be known by other parties hence the need for a system capable of securing the data. For this reason this research aims to create Cryptography application by applying a combination of Hill Cipher and RSA algorithm, Cryptography is also called coding language and I apply Hill Cipher because it is a classical method that uses multiplication for each encoded character while RSA is a modern method that has 2 keys ie key public and secret key where the public key is used for encryption and secret key to retranslate the original form. By applying a combination of classical and modern methods it can be more secure so it is more difficult to be solved by unwanted parties.Keyword : Data Security, Cryptography, Hill Cipher, RSAABSTRAKDi masa sekarang sudah menjadi hal yang biasa bahwa kerahasiaan harus benar – benar ditingkatkan dan diperketat karena menimbang kemunculan teknologi terbaru yang semakin pesat berkembang. Tentu sebuah Instansi, kelompok, ataupun individu memiliki data yang bersifat rahasia dan tidak ingin diketahui oleh pihak lain maka dari itu diperlukannya system yang mampu mengamankan data tersebut. Untuk itulah penelitian ini bertujuan membuat aplikasi Kriptografi dengan menerapkan kombinasi Algoritma Hill Cipher dan RSA, Kriptografi juga disebut bahasa persandian dan saya menerapkan Hill Cipher karena merupakan metode klasik yang menggunakan perkalian untuk tiap karakter yang disandikan sedangkan RSA adalah metode modern yang memiliki 2 kunci yaitu kunci publik dan kunci rahasia dimana kunci publik digunakan untuk penyandian dan kunci rahasia untuk menterjemahkan kembali k bentuk asli. Dengan menerapkan kombinasi metode klasik dan modern ini dapat lebih mengamankan sehingga lebih sulit untuk dapat di pecahkan oleh pihak – pihak yang tidak diinginkan.Kata Kunci : Pengamanan Data, Kriptografi, Hill Cipher, RSA.

scholarly journals Discontinuation and switching of postpartum contraceptive methods over twelve months in Burkina Faso and the DRC: a secondary analysis of the Yam-Daabo trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abou Coulibaly ◽  
Tieba Millogo ◽  
Adama Baguiya ◽  
Nguyen Toan Tran ◽  
Rachel Yodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽  
Equal Effectiveness

Abstract Introduction : Women who use contraceptive methods sometimes stop early, use methods intermittently or switched contraceptive methods. All these events (discontinuations and switching) contribute to the occurrence of unwanted and close pregnancies. This study aimed to explore contraceptive discontinuation and switching during the Yam-Daabo project to measure the effect of interventions on the continuation of contraceptive methods use.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Yam-Daabo trial data. We choose the discontinuation and switching of a modern contraceptive method as outcome measures. We performed a survival analysis by using the Stata software package to estimate the effect of the interventions on contraceptive discontinuation. We also studied the main reasons for discontinuation and switching.Results: In total, 637 out of the 1,120 women used at least one contraceptive method (of any type), with 267 women in the control and 370 in the intervention group. Modern methods were used by 179 women of control group compared to 279 women of intervention group with 24 and 32 who discontinued, respectively. We observed no statistically significant association between interventions and modern methods discontinuation and switching. However, the discontinuation of modern methods was higher in pills and injectables users than implants and IUDs users. The pooled data comparison showed that, in reference to the women who had not switched while using a modern method, the likelihood of switching to a less or equal effectiveness method among the women of the control group was 3.8(95% CI: 1.8-8.0) times the likelihood of switching to a less or equal effectiveness method among the women of the intervention group. And this excess was statistically significant (p<0.001). The main reason for discontinuation and switching was method-related (141 over 199), followed by partner opposition with 20 women.Conclusion: The results of this study show no statistically significant association between interventions and modern methods discontinuation. Discontinuation is more related to the methods themselves than to any other factor. It is also important to set up specific actions targeting women's partners and influential people in the community to counter inhibiting beliefs.Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201609001784334, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=1784).

scholarly journals 005 EVALUATING VELVETBEAN AS PART OF THE CROP ROTATION IN SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 428b-428
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Brunson ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
J. Danny Gay ◽  
Donald R. Summer
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana L.) was used in crop rotation to determine the influence on southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in sustainable vegetable production. Replicated trials were conducted at four locations. Two cover crop treatments, crimson clover and subterranean clover, were used in the sustainable plots and rye was the plow-down cover crop for the conventional plots. Selected as the vegetable crops were tomato, pepper, and eggplant. Following the final harvest, velvetbean was planted into the sustainable plots and disked under after 90 days. Results from soil samples before and after velvetbean, indicated the sustainable plots had substantially reduced nematode densities, while most conventional plots showed increases. A correlation between location, treatment, root-gall indexes and nematode density occurred in all crops for 1992. In 1993 there was only a correlation between root-gall index and nematode density in pepper. However, root-gall indexes were significant for location and treatment in all crops.

scholarly journals Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Benin: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e054188
Author(s):  
Noudéhouénou Crédo Adelphe Ahissou ◽  
Lenka Benova ◽  
Thérèse Delvaux ◽  
Charlotte Gryseels ◽  
Jean-Paul Dossou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Qualitative Part

ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the determinants of modern contraceptive method use among young women in Benin.DesignA mixed-methods design.Setting and participantsWe used the Benin 2017–2018 Demographic and Health Survey datasets for quantitative analysis. Data collection was conducted using multiple-cluster sampling method and through household survey. Qualitative part was conducted in the city of Allada, one of the Fon cultural capitals in Benin. The participants were purposively selected.OutcomesContraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for modern method and percentage of demand satisfied by a modern method for currently married and sexually active unmarried women were measured in the quantitative part. Access barriers and utilisation of modern methods were assessed in the qualitative part.ResultsOverall, 8.5% (95% CI 7.7% to 9.5%) among young women ages 15–24 were using modern contraceptives and 13% (12.1% to 14.0%) among women ages 25 or more. Women 15–24 had a higher unmet need, and a lower demand satisfied by modern contraceptive methods compared with women ages 25 or more. 60.8% (56.9% to 64.7%) of all unmarried young women had unmet need for modern contraceptives. Young women were more likely to use male condoms which they obtain mainly from for-profit outlets, pharmacies and relatives. The factors associated with demand satisfied by a modern method were literacy, being unmarried, knowing a greater number of modern contraceptive methods and experiencing barriers in access to health services. On the other hand, the qualitative study found that barriers to using modern methods include community norms about pre-marital sexual intercourse, perceptions about young women’s fertility, spousal consent and the use of non-modern contraceptives.ConclusionContraceptive use is low among young women in Benin. The use of modern contraceptives is influenced by sociodemographic factors and social norms. Appropriate interventions might promote comprehensive sexuality education, increase community engagement, provide youth-friendly services and address gender inequalities.

scholarly journals Influence of Velvetbean on Southern Root-knot Nematode When Used As Part of the Crop Rotation in Low-input Vegetable Production in Southern Georgia

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 806C-806
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Brunson ◽  
Sharad C. Phatak ◽  
J. Danny Gay ◽  
Donald R. Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana L.) has been used as part of the crop rotation in low-input vegetable production in southern Georgia to help suppress populations of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) for the past 2 years. Over-wintering cover crops of crimson and subterranean clovers were used the low-input plots and rye was the plow-down cover crop in the conventional plots. Tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant were the vegetable crops grown in these production systems. Following the final harvest in 1992, use of nematicides in the low-input plots was discontinued and velvetbean was then planted into the low-input plots and disked in after 90 days. Results from the 1993–94 soil samples taken before and after velvetbean showed a continuing trend of reduced nematode numbers where velvetbean had been, while most conventional plots that had nematicides applied resulted in increases in nematode populations.

scholarly journals Root rot of anthracnose mother plants of garden strawberry: morphological and cultural characteristics of the pathogen and the search for effective fungicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Julia Kashchits ◽  
Galina Yakuba
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
High Diversity

On the territory of the Krasnodar region, anthracnose root rot, the causative agent Colletotrichum аcutatum Simmonds, is one of the most harmful diseases in the mother plants of garden strawberry. The death of affected plants ranges from 33 to 100 %. Purpose of the research was to study the morphological and cultural characteristics of the causative agent of anthracnose root rot in the mother plant of garden strawberries in the region and to assess the effectiveness of fungicides in controlling the pathogen. The studies were carried out at FGBNU SKFNTSSVV in 2018-2020 using generally accepted techniques. The object of the research is pure cultures of C. acutatum. The morphological and cultural characteristics of C. acutatum were studied on three culture media. A high diversity of the identified morphotypes was shown in terms of the size of conidia and conidiophores, the shape and color of apressoria, and the method of formation of acervules. The influence of seven fungicides of various chemical classes on the development of C. аcutatum spores has been assessed. Under in vitro conditions at the indicated concentrations, the preparations Luna Tranquility, SC (0,15 %), Sercadis Plus, SC (0,1 and 0,15 %), Strobi, WG (0,05 %), Horus, WG (0,04 %) and Skor, EC (0,04 and 0,05 %) completely prevented the formation of fungal spores.

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