scholarly journals Optimization and characterization of gelatin and chitosan extracted from fish and shrimp waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 02006 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIT BOULAHSEN M ◽  
CHAIRI H ◽  
LAGLAOUI A ◽  
ARAKRAK A ◽  
ZANTAR S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Seafood Processing

Fish and seafood processing industries generate large quantities of waste which are at the origin of several environmental, economic and social problems. However fish waste could contain high value-added substances such as biopolymers. This work focuses on optimizing the gelatin and chitosan extraction from tilapia fish skins and shrimp shells respectively. The gelatin extraction process was optimized using alkali acid treatment prior to thermal hydrolysis. Three different acids were tested at different concentrations. Chitosan was obtained after acid demineralization followed by simultaneous hydrothermal deproteinization and deacetylation by an alkali treatment with different concentrations of HCl and NaOH. The extracted gelatin and chitosan with the highest yield were characterized by determining their main physicochemical properties (Degree of deacetylation, viscosity, pH, moisture and ash content). Results show a significant influence of the acid type and concentration on the extraction yield of gelatin and chitosan, with an average yield of 12.24% and 3.85% respectively. Furthermore, the obtained physicochemical properties of both extracted gelatin and chitosan were within the recommended standard values of the commercial ones used in the industry.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Coffee Silverskin Oil and Its Valorization by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Danyelle A. Mota ◽  
Anna Paula R. Silva ◽  
Jefferson Cleriston B. Santos ◽  
Milson S. Barbosa ◽  
Lays C. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Porcine Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Coffee Silverskin

This study investigated the coffee silverskin (CS) crude oil extraction process and characterization of physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis for fatty acids production. The soxhlet and ultrasonic extractions showed CS oil yield similar to 3.8% and 3.1%, respectively. CS oil extracted by soxhlet presented favorable physicochemical properties with the quality and was used as the feedstock for fatty acids production by enzymatic hydrolysis. The porcine pancreatic lipase showed hydrolytic activity of 1156 U.g-1 ± 13.4. Therefore, we verified the potential of application in biotransformation reactions of oils with biocatalyst with fatty acids production and valorization of coffee industry waste.  

scholarly journals Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin Extracted from Cicada orni Sloughs Harvested in Three Different Years and Characterization of the Resulting Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11278
Author(s):  
Aurelia Poerio ◽  
Thomas Girardet ◽  
Chloé Petit ◽  
Solenne Fleutot ◽  
Jean-Philippe Jehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan

Chitin and its derivative chitosan are among the most used polysaccharides for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Most of the commercially available chitin is obtained from seafood wastes. However, the interest in alternative renewable sources of chitin and chitosan, such as insects, is growing. When new sources are identified, their stability over time has to be evaluated to allow for their commercialization. The aim of this study is to compare the physicochemical properties of chitin extracted from Cicada orni sloughs harvested in three different years (2017, 2019 and 2020) in order to assess the stability of the source and the repeatability of the extraction process. Chitin and its derivative chitosan were characterized by simple techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results suggest that the physicochemical properties of the extracted chitin varied from year to year, and that these differences are not due to the extraction process, but rather to intrinsic differences within the source. We showed that these differences could already be detected by analyzing the raw material (i.e., cicada sloughs) using the above-mentioned simple methods. The chitosan obtained from deacetylation of chitin had a low degree of deacetylation (66.2±1.6%). This low degree of deacetylation can be attributed to the deacetylation process, which is probably not appropriate for this source of chitin.

scholarly journals Applications of Nonconventional Green Extraction Technologies in Process Industries: Challenges, Limitations and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5244
Author(s):  
Gertrude Fomo ◽  
Tafirenyika Nyamayaro Madzimbamuto ◽  
Tunde Victor Ojumu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Work Done

This study reviewed five different nonconventional technologies which are aligned with green concepts of product recovery from raw materials on industrial scale, with minimal energy consumption and chemical use. Namely, this study reviewed supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound extraction (UAE) and pulsed electric fields extraction (PEFE). This paper provides an overview of relevant innovative work done in process industries on different plant matrices for functional value-added compounds and byproduct production. A comparison of the five extraction methods showed the supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) process to be more reliable despite some limitations and challenges in terms of extraction yield and solubility of some bioactive compounds when applied in processing industries. However, these challenges can be solved by using ionic liquids as a trainer or cosolvent to supercritical CO2 during the extraction process. The choice of ionic liquid over organic solvents used to enhance extraction yield and solubility is based on properties such as hydrophobicity, polarity and selectivity in addition to a safe environment.

Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAKIM GHEZZAZ ◽  
LUC PELLETIER ◽  
PAUL R. STUART
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Precipitation Process

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters. If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Dynamic Behavior of Well-defined Dithiomaleimide-functionalized Maltodextrins

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Hidalgo ◽  
Nathan A.P. Lorentz ◽  
TinTin B. Luu ◽  
Jonathan D. Tran ◽  
Praveen D. Wickremasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
19F Nmr ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Synthetic Pathway ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Sugar End

: Maltodextrins have an increasing number of biomedical and industrial applications due to their attractive physicochemical properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Herein, we describe the development of a synthetic pathway and characterization of thiol-responsive maltodextrin conjugates with dithiomaleimide linkages. 19F NMR studies were also conducted to demonstrate the exchange dynamics of the dithiomaleimide-functionalized sugar end groups.

scholarly journals Very Fast and Accurate Procedure for the Characterization of Photovoltaic Panels from Datasheet Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Laudani ◽  
Francesco Riganti Fulginei ◽  
Alessandro Salvini ◽  
Gabriele Maria Lozito ◽  
Salvatore Coco
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Minimization Technique ◽  
Accurate Procedure

In recent years several numerical methods have been proposed to identify the five-parameter model of photovoltaic panels from manufacturer datasheets also by introducing simplification or approximation techniques. In this paper we present a fast and accurate procedure for obtaining the parameters of the five-parameter model by starting from its reduced form. The procedure allows characterizing, in few seconds, thousands of photovoltaic panels present on the standard databases. It introduces and takes advantage of further important mathematical considerations without any model simplifications or data approximations. In particular the five parameters are divided in two groups, independent and dependent parameters, in order to reduce the dimensions of the search space. The partitioning of the parameters provides a strong advantage in terms of convergence, computational costs, and execution time of the present approach. Validations on thousands of photovoltaic panels are presented that show how it is possible to make easy and efficient the extraction process of the five parameters, without taking care of choosing a specific solver algorithm but simply by using any deterministic optimization/minimization technique.

Chemical characterization of tequila maturation process and their connection with the physicochemical properties of the cask

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 103804
Author(s):  
Walter M. Warren-Vega ◽  
Rocío Fonseca-Aguiñaga ◽  
Linda V. González-Gutiérrez ◽  
Francisco Carrasco-Marín ◽  
Ana I. Zárate-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Maturation Process

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization Cascade of Nanoadjuvant–Antigen Systems for Improving Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Giuditta Guerrini ◽  
Antonio Vivi ◽  
Sabrina Gioria ◽  
Jessica Ponti ◽  
Davide Magrì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Adjuvants have been used for decades to enhance the immune response to vaccines, in particular for the subunit-based adjuvants. Physicochemical properties of the adjuvant-protein antigen complexes, such as size, morphology, protein structure and binding, influence the overall efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Here we show how to perform an accurate physicochemical characterization of the nanoaluminum–ovalbumin complex. Using a combination of existing techniques, we developed a multi-staged characterization strategy based on measurements of increased complexity. This characterization cascade has the advantage of being very flexible and easily adaptable to any adjuvant-protein antigen combinations. It will contribute to control the quality of antigen–adjuvant complexes and immunological outcomes, ultimately leading to improved vaccines.

Optimization and characterization of flavonoids extracted from Cannabis sativa fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110277
Author(s):  
Qilu Cui ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Chongwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Degumming Process

In this paper, the extraction process of flavonoids from hemp fibers was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of the extraction parameters indicated that optimized results would be ethanol concentration 76 vol.%, bath ratio 1:50, and reaction time 139 min; therefore, an optimal extraction rate of flavonoids of 0.2275% can be obtained. The chemical structure, surface morphology and element composition of flavonoid extracts were analyzed. The test results indicated that hemp extract contains flavonoids, which can be used to extract flavonoids from hemp fiber, so as to comprehensively develop hemp fiber and reduce the discharge of waste liquid in the traditional degumming process.

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