scholarly journals Fatty acid characterization of indigenous cyanobacterial strains isolated from five hot springs in indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nining Betawati Prihantini ◽  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Wellyzar Sjamsuridzal ◽  
Akira Yokota ◽  
Nasruddin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Almost All

Cyanobacteria have been known to produce lipids that are potential for biodiesel. Cyanobacteria isolated from Indonesia are called Indonesia indigenous cyanobacteria. This study was conducted to determine the characterization of fatty acids contained in cyanobacteria originating from Indonesia which were isolated from 5 hot springs in Indonesia. For some 29 strains of cyanobacteria consisting of 8 genera have performed the analysis of fatty acids (FA) by extraction method via protocol in SHERLOCK Microbial Identification (Midi) System version 4.0, 2001 MIDI, Inc. The resulting data is as follows. All strains of 8 genera (Synechococcus, Merismopedia, Thermosynechococcus, Stanieria, Leptolyngbia, Westiellopsis, Mastigocladus, and Nostoc) have saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA). The content of saturated fatty acids ranged from 27.77 to 50.56%, while the content of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 7.58 to 63.31%. All strains have SFA Palmitic acid (16:00) which ranges from 23.23 to 42.64%. Meanwhile, unsaturated fatty acids Palmitoleic acid (16:1 wc7) are owned by almost all strains except Westiellopsis which range from 1.75 to 51.78%. Content of unsaturated fatty acids Oleic acid (18: w9c) ranges from 1.43 to 35.78% mainly in Leptolyngbia, Westiellopsis, and Mastigocladus. All strains have MUFA ranging from 7.58 to 63.31%, whereas PUFA is only owned by filamentous strains (Leptolyngbia, Westiellposis, Mastigocladus, and Nostoc). From the results of the research can be seen that 29 strains of cyanobacteria of 8 genera have potential fatty acids as raw materials of biodiesel under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeast Isolated from Kefir and Its Ability to Accumulate Intracellular Fats in Deproteinated Potato Wastewater with Different Carbon Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Gientka ◽  
Marek Kieliszek ◽  
Karolina Jermacz ◽  
Stanisław Błażejak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Identification And Characterization

The search for efficient oleaginous microorganisms, which can be an alternative to fossil fuels and biofuels obtained from oilseed crops, has been going on for many years. The suitability of microorganisms in this regard is determined by their ability to biosynthesize lipids with preferred fatty acid profile along with the concurrent utilization of energy-rich industrial waste. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and identified kefir yeast strains using molecular biology techniques. The yeast isolates identified wereCandida inconspicua,Debaryomyces hansenii,Kluyveromyces marxianus,Kazachstania unispora, andZygotorulaspora florentina. We showed that deproteinated potato wastewater, a starch processing industry waste, supplemented with various carbon sources, including lactose and glycerol, is a suitable medium for the growth of yeast, which allows an accumulation of over 20% of lipid substances in its cells. Fatty acid composition primarily depended on the yeast strain and the carbon source used, and, based on our results, most of the strains met the criteria required for the production of biodiesel. In particular, this concerns a significant share of saturated fatty acids, such as C16:0 and C18:0, and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C18:1 and C18:2. The highest efficiency in lipid biosynthesis exceeded 6.3 g L−1.Kazachstania unisporawas able to accumulate the high amount of palmitoleic acid.

scholarly journals Effect of diethylstilboestrol on adipose-tissue lipids

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Sink ◽  
CK Huston ◽  
JW Shigley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Lipids

1. The effect of diethylstilboestrol on the fatty acid composition of adipose-tissue lipids of the ox (Bos taurus) was studied. 2. The capsula adiposa (perirenal) was shown to contain more total saturated fatty acids, whereas more total unsaturated fatty acids were found in the panniculus adiposus (subcutaneous). 3. Significantly more stearic acid and linolenic acid were obtained from the capsula adiposa, whereas the panniculus adiposus contained more myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. 4. Implanting diethylstilboestrol significantly increased the deposition of the saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic acid. 5. A decrease in the deposition of total unsaturated fatty acids, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid can also be attributed to the diethylstilboestrol treatment.

scholarly journals Biodiesel I: Historical background, present and future production and standards - professional paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Skala ◽  
Sandra Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Future Production

Biodiesel is defined as a fuel which may be used as pure biofuel or at high concentration in mineral oil derivatives, in accordance with specific quality standards for transport applications. The main raw material used for biodiesel production is rapeseed, which contains mono-unsaturated acids (about 60%) and also poly-unsaturated fatty acids (C 18:1 and C 18:3) in a lower quantity, as well as some undesired saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids). Other raw materials have also been used in research and the industrial production of biodiesel (palm oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, waste plant oil, animal fats, etc). The historical background of biodiesel production, installed industrial capacities, as well as the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (May 2003) regarding the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport are discussed in the first part of this article. The second part focuses on some new concepts for the future development of technology for biodiesel production, based on the application of non-catalytic transesterification under supercritical conditions or the use of lipases as an alternative catalyst for this reaction.

Characterization of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Corriere ◽  
Giorgia Peri ◽  
Vincenzo La Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Heating Value

Biodiesel from vegetable oils has been analyzed and its suitability for internal combustion engines has been assessed. The Standard biofuel’s characteristics have been investigated. Gas chromatography (GC) tests were carried out to characterize the fatty acid behavior. It was found that the mass percentage of saturated fatty acids did not change substantially with time, while unsaturated fatty acids increased with time for both B100 and B30. An increase in density for B100 and B30 with time was noted. Biodiesel density was within the standardization. The calorific values of biodiesel and its blend increased with time. Higher heating value for B100 increased from 41 to 43 MJ/kg while B30 increased from 44 to 45 MJ/kg.

Characterization of Whey Cheese Packaged under Vacuum

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUELA E. PINTADO ◽  
F. XAVIER MALCATA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Vacuum Packaging ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Microbial Groups

Vacuum packaging was assayed at 4°C and was tested in comparison to unpackaged counterparts, in both microbiological and physicochemical terms, in studies pertaining to the preservation of Requeijão, a traditional Portuguese whey cheese. Bacteria were absent (i.e., <10 CFU/g) in whey cheeses on the day of manufacture as a result of thermal processing. After storage, both unpackaged and packaged cheeses exhibited high viable counts of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, and lactic acid bacteria (especially lactococci). Yeasts, staphylococci, enterococci, and spore-forming clostridia were severely inhibited by the package vacuum combined with the increasing acidification developed therein. Whey cheeses packaged under vacuum underwent substantial acidification, slight depletion of lactose, and no significant variation in moisture content or texture; conversely, unpackaged whey cheeses exhibited substantial loss of water and a concomitant increase in rigidity. Vacuum packaging strongly inhibited lipolysis (even if viable counts of some microbial groups were high); saturated fatty acids (mainly C16:0 and C14:0) accounted for ca. 73% of the total free–fatty acid content, whereas the most concentrated unsaturated fatty acids were C18:1 and C18:2 (ca. 14% each). The conclusions generated in our study are, in general, useful for a wide range of whey cheeses worldwide: i.e., Requéson (Spain), Ricotta (Italy), Broccio (France), and Anthotyro (Greece). In addition, our conclusions are particularly helpful in terms of improving the safety of Requeijão, a widely acclaimed dairy specialty.

Structural Characterization of Natural Polyisoprenes: Solve the Mystery of Natural Rubber Based on Structural Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Terminal Group ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Branch Points

Abstract Structural characterization of naturally occurring polyisoprenes was carried out to solve the mystery of natural rubber (NR), such as the biosynthesis mechanism of rubber formation, the origin of outstanding properties of NR and the role of rubber in rubber trees. The NMR analysis, based on terpenes and polyprenols as models, disclosed the structure of both terminal groups of rubber chain. Structural evidence indicated that the biosynthesis of rubbers from Lactarius mushroom and leaves of high plants starts from trans, trans-farnesyl diphosphate or trans, trans, trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate and terminates by dephosphorylation to form a hydroxyl terminal group. The biosynthesis of NR was presumed to start from unidentified initiating species containing two trans-isoprene units and peptide group and to terminate forming a phospholipid terminal group. The initiating group of NR associated with proteins formed branch points, which can be decomposed by enzymatic deproteinization. The branch points formed by phospholipid group were decomposed by transesterification with sodium methoxide. Rapid crystallization of NR was explained by the presence of mixed fatty acids synergistically with linked fatty acids, which were included in phospholipid. Saturated fatty acids linked to rubber chain induced crystallization, while mixed unsaturated fatty acids acted as plasticizer and accelerated the crystallization rate. This was confirmed by the preparation of model cis-polyisoprene grafted with stearic acid. The green strength of NR decreased to the same level as synthetic cis-polyisoprene after transesterification, indicating the effect of branching formed by the phospholipid terminal group and fatty acids in NR. The role of NR in Hevea trees was analyzed using NR from Hevea trees never tapped before. The formation of hard gel and oxidative degradation during the storage of NR in Hevea trees suggested that NR acted as a radical scavenger to remove hydroperoxide.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PERILLA FRUTESCENS SEED OIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asif ◽  
Guru Ram Das
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
And Control

Perilla frutescens seeds contain saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids which include the monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These seeds contain approximately 35-40% oil. The oil of Perilla frutescens contains ω-3 fatty acids (54-64%), ω-6 fatty acids (≈14%) and the ω-9 fatty acids (small amount). In comparing to other plant oils, Perilla oil contains one of the highest proportions of ω-3 fatty acids. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most beneficial to human health in prevention and control of various diseases like cardiovascular disorders, cancer, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis etc. This review article describes briefly the benefits and the medicinal uses of Perilla frutescens seeds.

scholarly journals Characterization of human SCD2, an oligomeric desaturase with improved stability and enzyme activity by cross-linking in intact cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 388 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobo ZHANG ◽  
Yanzhu YANG ◽  
Yuguang SHI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Improved Stability

SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) catalyses the conversion of saturated fatty acids into mono-unsaturated fatty acids, a critical step involved in lipid metabolism and various other biological functions. In the present study, we report the identification and characterization of a human gene that encodes a novel SCD enzyme (hSCD2). The hSCD2 gene codes for a 37.5-kDa protein that shares 61% and 57% sequence identity with the human SCD1 and mouse SCD2 enzymes respectively. The recombinant hSCD2 enzyme expressed in mammalian and Sf9 insect cells efficiently catalysed desaturation of both stearoyl- and palmitoyl-CoAs to the corresponding mono-unsaturated fatty acids. In comparison with the hSCD1 gene that is predominantly expressed in liver, hSCD2 is most abundantly expressed in pancreas and brain. Additionally, hSCD2 transcripts from adult and foetal tissues exhibit different sizes because of alternative splicing in the non-coding region, suggesting that hSCD2 expression is developmentally regulated. The recombinant human SCD2 and SCD1 transiently expressed in COS-7 cells exhibited as oligomeric proteins that consist of homodimers and oligomers when resolved by SDS/PAGE. The complex formation was independent of SCD protein expression levels, as supported by a relatively constant ratio of the level of dimers and oligomers to that of the monomers from COS-7 cells transiently transfected with different amounts of SCD expression vectors. Furthermore, treatment of intact COS-7 cells with a cross-linking reagent resulted in dose-dependent increases in the levels of SCD protein and activity, suggesting that oligomerization may play an important role in regulating the stability of SCD enzymes.

Fatty acid profile of mixed tuna (Euthynnus spp.) oil and catfish (Clarias sp.) oil in different combinations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudin Ibrahim ◽  
I K. Suwetja ◽  
Feny Mentang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Tuna Fish

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Profil asam lemak dari campuran minyak ikan tongkol (Euthynnus spp.) dan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) dalam berbagai perbandingan. The purpose of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile. Samples of mixed tuna (Euthynnus spp.) oil and catfish (Clarias sp.) oil of 1 ml : 1 ml, 1 ml : ¾ ml, and 1 ml : ½ ml ratio were prepared. The fatty acid profile analysis used gas chromatography. Results showed that saturated fatty acids (SFA) consisted of myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, eikosatetranoic acid and stearic acid. The SFA content in 1 ml: 1 ml ratio reached 42.79%, followed by 1 ml : ¾ ml ratio, 41.23 %,and then 1 ml : ½ ml ratio, 40.07 %. Mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) comprised palmitoleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and oleic acid. MUFA content was the highest, 28.19% at  1 ml: 1 ml ratio, followed by 1 ml : ¾ ml ratio, 26.66 %, and 1 ml : ½ ml ratio, 24.24%. Poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consisted of linoleic acid, eicosatetranoic acid, EPA, and linolenic acid. PUFA content was 34.18% in 1 ml : 1 ml ratio, followed by 1 ml : ¾ ml ratio, 29.45 %, and 1 ml : ½ ml ratio, 22.89 %. As conclusion, the oil mixture of tuna fish (Euthynnus spp.) and catfish (Clarias sp.) contains saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly unsaturated fattyacids (PUFA). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil asam lemak. Sampel minyak ikan campuran minyak ikan trongkol (Euthynnus spp.)dan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) dibuat dengan perbandingan 1 ml : 1 ml, 1 ml : ¾ ml dan 1 :ml : ½ ml. Analisis profil asam lemak menggunakan Gas Kromotografi (GC).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam lemak jenuh (SFA) terdiri atas asam miristat, asam pentadekanoat, asam palmitat, asam eikosatetranoat dan asam stearat. Kandungan SFA pada perbandingan 1 ml : 1 ml sebesar 42,79%, 1 ml : ¾ ml sebesar 41,23%, dan 1 ml : ½ ml sebesar 40,07% . Asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal (MUFA) terdiri atas asam palmitoleinat, asam eikosenat dan asam oleat. Kandungan MUFA pada perbandingan 1ml : 1 ml sebesar 28,19%, 1 ml : ¾ ml sebesar 26,66%, dan 1 ml : ½ ml sebesar 24,24%. Asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda (PUFA) terdiri atas asam linoleat, asam eikosatetranoat, EPA dan asam linolenat. Kandungan PUFA pada perbandingan 1 ml : 1 ml sebesar 34,18%, 1 ml : ¾ ml sebesar 29,45%, dan 1 ml : ½ ml sebesar 22,89%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa campuran minyak ikan trongkol (Euthynnus spp.)dan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) mengandung asam lemak jenuh (SFA), asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal (MUFA) dan asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda (PUFA).

FATTY ACIDS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: III. CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPONENT FATTY ACIDS BY PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
Mikio Kato
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chromatographic Paper ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Color Reactions

It has been previously reported that the interference of unsaturated fatty acids with the chromatographic identification of saturated fatty acids may be minimized by mercuration. Because simple hydrazones of unsaturated fatty acids and their mercurated derivatives give different color reactions on treatment with diphenylcarbazone, the component saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in pupal lipids of Drosophila melanogaster were identified on the same chromatographic paper. The amounts of individual fatty acids were calculated from the spectrophotometric data by an easier method than that described in the previous reports. The quantities of saturated and unsaturated acids in different strains of D. melanogaster appeared to be related to their genetic nature.

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