scholarly journals The Distribution of Malaria with Seasonal in Kokap Yogyakarta 2012-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Raden A.K. Lestari ◽  
Novyan Lusiyana ◽  
Fitria S. Nurochmah
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Primary Health Centre ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Impact

Kokap is one of the endemic areas of malaria in Yogyakarta. The transmission of malaria was influenced by multiple factors including season. The impact of the rainfall rate in the rainy season was increasing the breeding place of vector-borne diseases, especially malaria. This study aims to describe the case of malaria, the relationship with season and mapping of endemic areas of malaria in Kokap I Primary Health Centre at Kulon Progo in 2012-2017. This is a descriptive epidemiological study with an ecological study approach. The study population was malaria cases in Kokap I Primary Health Centre. Data were analyzed descriptively and then mapped based on the endemic areas. The result showed 245 cases of malaria consisting of 136 men (55.5%) and 109 women (44.5%), on which 166 of them were in 15-45 years age group (67.7%). There were 59.2% of patients were positive of P. vivax infection and 40% of patients were positive of P. falciparum. Malaria cases in 2012-2017 at rainy season, moist season, dry season were 109, 59 and 77 respectively. Malaria cases were increased from October to April which is the rainy season, but there is no significant difference between rainy season and dry season with the incidence of malaria (p=0.316). Kalirejo village was found as a medium-high endemic village, while Hargomulyo and Hargorejo Villages were lowmedium endemic villages. During 2012-2017, we found that malaria in Kokap was dominated with P. vivax infection and the malaria incidence was increased in the rainy season.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gut Bacterial Flora Among Patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital and Primary Health Centre in Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Dian Neni Naelasari ◽  
Eko Budi Koendhori ◽  
Linda Dewanti ◽  
Rosantia Sarassari ◽  
K Kuntaman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Primary Health Centre ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Esbl Producer ◽  
Esbl Gene ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Significant Difference

The extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) producer bacteria until now were mostly identified in hospital environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of ESBL-producing gut flora and distribution of ESBL encoding genes between hospitalized patient in Tropical Wards of Dr. Soetomo Hospital and patient from a primary health centre (PHC) as community environment in Surabaya. Thiry rectal swab samples from hospital of Dr. Soetomo patients and from PHC (60 samples in total) were collected for this study. Samples were screened in MacConkey agar supplemented with 2 mg/L of cefotaxim, incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then the growing colony were confirmed with Disk Diffusion Synergy test (DDST) for diagnosis of ESBL producer. The identified ESBL producers were then identified the bacteria species by biochemical method. ESBL gene were detected by PCR with specific primers. The results showed that there was not difference of positif nuber of ESBL-producing bacteria gut floral between patients of Dr.Soetomo Hospital, 25/30 (83.3%) and PHC, 11/30 (36.7%) (p=1). The pattern of ESBL gene distributions among samples from hospital showed that SHV was 12%, TEM was 36%, and CTX-M was 80%, and from PHC were SHV 18.2%, TEM 27,3% and CTX-M 81,8%. Statistical analysis showed that the pattern was not significantly different among hospitals and PHC samples as shown by SHV gene (p=0,631), TEM (p= 0.715), and CTX -M (p=1). From each ESBL gene, the dominant genes that found producing ESBL were the CTX-M genes followed by TEM and SHV genes. The prevalence of ESBL producersin intestinal flora of both the hospital (83,3%) and the PHC (36,7%) was very high. There was not significant difference between the prevalence of ESBL producer in gut flora of hospitalized patients compared to PHC. There was found other patterns of ESBL gene combinations in the hospital of SHV+CTX-M genes, TEM+CTX-M, SHV+TEM+CTX-M genes and PHC, the combination pattern of SHV+CTX-M, TEM+CTX-M.

scholarly journals Pediatric infectious diseases admissions: Sex differences and seasonal variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 015 (02) ◽  
pp. 049-058
Author(s):  
Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla ◽  
Michael Olaniyan Onigbinde ◽  
Akinyemi Olaleye Fadugbagbe ◽  
Emmanuel Olaseinde Bello ◽  
Omolayo Adebukola Olubosede
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons

Objective: This study set out to assess sex differences and seasonal variations in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (PID) admissions. Methods: One year retrospective study of PID admissions was conducted among children aged one month to 15 years. Relevant information retrieved from patients’ hospital records were dates of admission and discharge, age, sex, final PID diagnoses and outcome. Results: Of 1,035 patients’ records assessed, 603 (58.3%) were males and 432 (41.7%) females (p<0.001). Males in ages 1-12 and 13-59 months contributed largely to the gender difference. Over the 12 months period, PID admissions mean was 86.25±21.92, with rainy and dry seasons means of 92.57±20.7 and 77.4±20.9, respectively (p<0.001). Ages 13-19, 60-119 and ≥120 months had significantly higher admissions mean during the rainy season (p<0.001 in each group), while higher admissions occurred among ages 1-12months in dry season (p<0.001). Top six PID managed were malaria, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis and typhoid, and males had higher incidence in all except for typhoid, with only malaria having significant difference (p<0.001). Malaria, septicemia and typhoid incidence were higher significantly during the rainy season, while gastroenteritis occurred more in the dry season. Overall fatality rate was 4.6%; females and males rates were 6.3% and 3.5%, respectively (p=0.661). Rainy and dry seasons mortality means were 5±1.77 and 2.6±0.8, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Male children were more vulnerable to PID, with significant higher malaria incidence among them than females. PID incidence and mortality were significantly higher during the rainy season than dry. Malaria and gastroenteritis occurred significantly in rainy and dry seasons, respectively.

Bovine trypanosomosis in Gimbi district of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Hagos ◽  
Hailu Yacob ◽  
Asoke Basu ◽  
Degneh Efrem
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractA study on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted from September 2006 to April 2007 in six villages of the Gimbi district in west Wollega zone of Ethiopia. The prevalence of the disease, the apparent densities and distribution of tsetse and other biting flies in two seasons, the dry and rainy, were determined. The results of a questionnaire survey from 80 farmers revealed that trypanosomosis was a major health problem affecting animals and impeding agricultural activities.A total of 568 blood samples were collected from randomly selected animals (280 animals in rainy and 288 in dry season) and revealed the presence of Trypanosoma congolense Broden, 1904 and T. vivax Zieman, 1905 in the area. Trypanosoma congolense was the dominant species that accounted for 66.2% of the infections. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations were 22.77% (95% CI =19.99-21.55) in parasitaemic and 25.25% (95% CI=24.88-25.61) in aparasitaemic animals with a significant difference (P<0.005). There was a significant (P<0.012) difference in trypanosome infection between age groups of cattle, being higher in adults. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 12.5%, while the disease prevalence was higher during the rainy season (15 %) than the dry season (10.1%). In three villages of lowland areas (below 1600 meter above sea level), a higher prevalence was recorded 20.9% and 7.9% as compared to three villages of midland areas (≥ 1600 meter above sea level) 11.8% and 8.3% in late rainy and dry season, respectively.A fly-survey was conducted by using 80 monoconical pyramidal traps and revealed that two tsetse species, namely Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and Glossina tachinoides Westwood were found along with other biting flies (Tabanus, Haematopota and Stomoxys species). Higher numerical catches of Glossina were recorded in late rainy season and the apparent density was positively correlated (r=0.5171) with the prevalence of infection.

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