scholarly journals Thermal mass and the effects on heating and cooling demands – an experimental study of an exposed concrete floor

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nocente ◽  
Steinar Grynning
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Wooden Floor ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Office Rooms ◽  
Positive Effect

The increase of thermal mass in buildings is discussed as a useful measure for reducing the energy demand for heating and cooling while contributing to improve the internal comfort. Several studies confirmed its positive effect, but few conducted a solid comparative measurement campaign and rarely in comparative conditions. The present work reports the results of an extensive comparative campaign in a test cell facility, where the internal conditions are measured in two identical rooms. One of the rooms was equipped with a large concrete mass while the other was constructed with a thin wooden floor. Measurements were conducted for circa a month, divided in four phases. The internal temperature of the two rooms was kept within typical boundaries of actual office rooms by a water-based cooling and heating systems. The energy demand of both heating and cooling was measured. Occupancy was simulated by a mannequin and by the lighting, both active only in office hours. The results demonstrated a positive impact of the thermal mass on the energy use. Since the test rooms are highly insulated, the energy use associated to cooling was dominant. During the experimental campaign, a reduction of up to 44% of the energy demand due to cooling was registered.

scholarly journals In-Service Thermal and Luminous Performance Monitoring of a Refurbished Building with Solar Control Films on the Glazing System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Henriqueta Teixeira ◽  
Maria da Glória Gomes ◽  
António Moret Rodrigues ◽  
Júlia Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Solar Control ◽  
Office Rooms

The global increase in energy needs and environmental awareness for a more efficient energy use have boosted building rehabilitation to decrease energy consumption. The installation of solar control films (SCFs) in buildings with large glazing façades makes it possible to reduce excessive solar gains through the glazing. The main purpose of the work is to assess, with field experimental data, the thermal and luminous performances of double-glazing units with SCFs installed in office rooms, in Lisbon. An experimental campaign was carried out simultaneously in three adjacent offices: one with a highly reflective SCF (external installation), one with a reflective SCF (internal installation) and one without an SCF. The exterior SCF showed the best thermal performance with reductions in the peak indoor air temperature of up to 6.9 and 2.3 °C during the representative days of the heating and cooling periods, respectively, increasing thermal comfort mainly during the cooling period. The interior SCF had a poorer thermal performance since it contributed to solar radiation absorption that is then emitted as heat into the indoor environment, increasing the greenhouse effect of the office. The presence of SCFs reduced the indoor illuminance levels, having a positive impact on thermal comfort and glare reduction in the cooling period.

scholarly journals Energy and Economic Impact on the Application of Low-Cost Lightweight Materials in Economic Housing Located in Dry Climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Borbon-Almada ◽  
Norma Rodriguez-Muñoz ◽  
Mario Najera-Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Dry Climates

The building sector is considered a key area for sustainable development, due to the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the numerous economic activities that this sector involves. A low-cost lightweight cementitious composite consisting in perlite mortar was fabricated and evaluated. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the proposed composite were tested in the laboratory. The lightweight composite was integrated into a prototypical house and its thermal performance was tested for two different arid climates during a typical meteorological year. A techno-economic analysis of this integration was carried out, which showed the lightweight system integration could reduce the energy demand up to 10.3% due to the decreased use of heating and cooling systems. The CO2 emissions associated with electricity and gas use on cooling and heating systems could be reduced up to 10.9%.

CUBATURES FOR MEDIUM-SIZED PLUS ENERGY BUILDINGS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Friedrich Sick ◽  
Lioba Ross
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Simulations ◽  
Roof Area

INTRODUCTION On the basis of dynamic building simulations within a maximal realistic framework, it may be useful with respect to the overall energy balance to dispense with pursuing a minimal surface/volume ratio of buildings—thus minimizing heat losses across the building shell—in favor of solar energy use. The specific use of the building (here: office or residential) plays a crucial role. Balancing the energy demand for heating and cooling and a possible photovoltaic yield, a surplus is possible in all cases under investigation. Long, low unobstructed buildings perform best due to large portions of roof area suitable for solar energy use. For tall buildings with less roof area, parts of the facades may be used for solar applications which makes them also perform better than compact designs. If the total energy demand including auxiliary energy for HVAC and especially electricity for the office and residential usages, respectively, is considered, compact cubatures of the size considered here (about 3500 m2) are not capable of providing positive energy balances. Residential usage performs worse than office use. Investigations are performed for the climatic conditions of Berlin, Germany.

Heating Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-307
Author(s):  
Teodora Melania Şoimoşan ◽  
Raluca Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Maria Simona Răboacă ◽  
Constantin Filote
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Within the current context of energy, there are several ways to meet the challenges of durable development. Efficiency in energy use, considered to be the fifth energy source, as well as the use of sustainable energy sources represent critical objectives. Nowadays, almost 50% of the total energy consumption in Europe is consumed by building heating and cooling. The current heat demand is mainly covered by conventional energy—fossil fuels. Consequently, there is a significant growth potential for the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in order to produce heat. One can expect in the near future that the energy systems would include a larger percentage of renewable sources, so the increase of the RES share is one of the main objectives of the thermoenergetic field. This chapter approaches heating system typology, the performance indicators used to asses the hybrid heating systems, and at the same time synthetising the assumptions of ensuring the optimum operating conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Guangdong Energy Demand Forecast Based on DIP-REM Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 03052
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Energy

Computer data mining technology has a positive impact on the accurate prediction of China's energy demand. In order to effectively alleviate the energy crisis that China is currently facing, and further forecast the energy demand, it will provide an active driving force for the sustainable economic development of our country in the future. In this study, the authors studied the current energy use trends in China, and then the authors used the DIP-REM model to predict their future development needs based on a study of the use of energy resources in Guangdong Province. This model can accurately predict the future energy expansion value of Guangdong Province. The research aims to provide a reference for related research on China's energy demand forecast.

Experimental Study on Load Bearing Capacity of Cement Stabilized Unburnt Clay Bricks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Z. Mohamed ◽  
◽  
K.A.B.P. Kuruppu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Masonry Construction ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The World

Clay brick is one of the most widely used conventional materials in the masonry construction throughout the world. Despite living in cement age, bricks still have a defined space in our societies. Clay bricks are good for construction activities in dry zones because of its better thermal insulation and moisture control properties. With around 39 percent of the home’s energy use going towards maintaining a pleasant temperature, it has become increasingly important to build a home that will minimize the energy required for heating and cooling, from both a cost savings and sustainability perspective [1]. Bricks made with clay material can be the better option to neutralize the above condition since bricks offer superior thermal mass.

scholarly journals Effect of thermal mass of insulated and non-insulated walls on building thermal performance and potential energy saving

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012159
Author(s):  
M Haj Hussein ◽  
S Monna ◽  
A Juaidi ◽  
A Barlet ◽  
M Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract The presented study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal mass in heavyweight construction in residential buildings in Palestine on indoor thermal environment using a building performance simulation tool. The most used residential building types, shapes and sizes were used as typical models for indoor environment performance simulation. The paper used a sensitivity analysis for four different scenarios according to the location of thermal insulation in the wall for two climatic zones, when no heating and cooling was used. The building material’s thermal properties, infiltration, activities, time schedule, electric lighting and glazing selection were based on onsite studies. The results show that the internal thermal mass of the studied buildings influences their thermal performance and future potential energy demand for heating and cooling. Buildings with insulation positioned on the outside, with high thermal mass and high thermal time constant showed the best thermal performance for different climatic zones, whereas buildings without thermal insulation or with insulation from the inside showed the worst thermal performance. The position of thermal insulation will affect potential energy demand for heating and cooling in the residential buildings.

scholarly journals An Innovative Control Framework for District Heating Systems: Conceptualisation and Preliminary Results

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serafeim Moustakidis ◽  
Ioannis Meintanis ◽  
George Halikias ◽  
Nicos Karcanias
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Real Life ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Storage Units

This paper presents a holistic innovative solution for the transformation of the current district heating and cooling systems to automated more efficient systems. A variety of technological advancements have been developed and integrated to support the effective energy management of future district heating and cooling sector. First, we identify and discuss the main challenges and needs that are in line with the EU objectives and policy expectations. We give an overview of the main parts that our solution consists of, with emphasis on the forecasting tools and an advanced control system that addresses unit commitment and economic load dispatch problems. The proposed control approach employs distributed and scalable optimisation algorithms for optimising the short-term operations of a district heating and cooling plant subject to technical constraints and uncertainties in the energy demand. To test the performance and validate the proposed control system, a district heating plant with multiple energy generation units and real-life heat load data were used. Simulation experiments were also used to evaluate the benefits of using thermal storage units in district heating systems. The results show that the proposed method could achieve significant cost savings when energy storage is employed. The proposed control strategy can be applied for both operating optimally district heating plants with storage and supporting investment planning for new storage units.

scholarly journals Efficiency improvement and technology choice for energy and emission reductions of the residential sector

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Daioglou ◽  
Efstratios Mikropoulos ◽  
David Gernaat ◽  
Detlef van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Technology Choice ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The residential sector currently accounts for one fifth of global energy use and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions, largely driven by increasing demand for space heating and cooling. Climate change mitigation action requires these to reduce, but the exact decarbonization strategies and their heterogeneity is unclear. We use a regional recursive dynamic energy system model with an explicit representation of residential energy use and building stocks to explore the contribution of this sector in long-term decarbonization pathways. The projections show that in a 2˚C scenario, global heating demand is expected to decrease from current levels by 18% and 64% by 2050 and 2100, respectively. However, due to increasing affluence in warmer regions, cooling demand is expected to increase by 112% and 201% respectively. Yet, direct residential emissions are almost eliminated by 2100. This is achieved by combining increased envelope efficiency and advanced heating technologies in a synergistic manner, where the adoption of high efficiency heating and cooling reduces the need for increased insulation, and vice versa. By combining these measures with rooftop PV, the net energy demand of many household types approaches zero. The exact residential sector strategies vary across different regions, depending on local climate, socio-economic, and building stock characteristics.

scholarly journals Component sequence and thermal mass effects on the transient thermal performance of concrete walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012091
Author(s):  
B Salehpour ◽  
M Ghobadi ◽  
T Moore ◽  
H Ge
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Concrete Walls ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
Transient Thermal

Abstract The increased requirements of buildings to reduce energy use have highlighted the importance of accounting for all factors that influence energy use in buildings. One consideration that requires further study in the envelope design of concrete-based wall assemblies is the placement of the thermal mass layer. In this study, two thermally massive walls, Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) and tilt-up walls, with the same thermal resistance but different sequencing of layers are investigated. In addition, a wall made of a homogeneous insulation layer with an identical thermal resistance was considered to further investigate the thermal mass effect on the potential for energy savings. Results of the numerical simulations performed using COMSOL Multiphysics® software indicate that, for the transient scenarios investigated, thermal mass can contribute to shifting and dampening peak heating and cooling loads, as well as saving energy. Also, less intense fluctuations were observed in the heat fluxes when considering the ICF wall. Energy savings during the primary seasons (i.e. winters in Montreal and summers in Miami) are found to be marginal but the existence of a thermally massive layer considerably reduced the demands during secondary seasons i.e. summers in Montreal and winters in Miami.

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