scholarly journals Based on systems science methodology—— Research on the talent training system of hall three-dimensional structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 01050
Author(s):  
Yong-Chen ◽  
Zhong Hua-Cheng ◽  
Qi-Xu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
Science Methodology

Draw lessons from the basic idea of system science methodology, based on the hall three dimensions structure theory construction of research personnel training problems, from the time dimension, logic knowledge and three dimension analysis of all aspects of talent cultivation system, clear the talent training theory support, and solve the problem of a series of contradictions in the process of talent training, further enriched and developed the theoretical system of talents cultivation.

Three Dimensional Detection of the via in the PCB CT Image Using Morphology Operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1406-1412
Author(s):  
Lei Zeng ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Han Ning Li ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Yi Fu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Testing Technology

In modern industry, the nondestructive testing of printed circuit board (PCB) can prevent effectively the system failure and is becoming more and more important. As a vital part of the PCB, the via connects the devices, the components and the wires and plays a very important role for the connection of the circuits. With the development of testing technology, the nondestructive testing of the via extends from two dimension to three dimension in recent years. This paper proposes a three dimensional detection algorithm using morphology method to test the via. The proposed algorithm takes full advantage of the three dimensional structure and shape information of the via. We have used the proposed method to detect via from PCB images with different size and quality, and found the detection performances to be very encouraging.

Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction imaging of process-induced dislocation loops in silicon

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
Jochen Wittge ◽  
Jennifer Stopford ◽  
Andreas Danilewsky ◽  
Patrick McNally
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Imaging ◽  
Relationship Of

In the semiconductor industry, wafer handling introduces micro-cracks at the wafer edge and the causal relationship of these cracks to wafer breakage is a difficult task. By way of understanding the wafer breakage process, a series of nano-indents were introduced both into 20 × 20 mm (100) wafer pieces and into whole wafers as a means of introducing controlled strain. Visualization of the three-dimensional structure of crystal defects has been demonstrated. The silicon samples were then treated by various thermal anneal processes to initiate the formation of dislocation loops around the indents. This article reports the three-dimensional X-ray diffraction imaging and visualization of the structure of these dislocations. A series of X-ray section topographs of both the indents and the dislocation loops were taken at the ANKA Synchrotron, Karlsruhe, Germany. The topographs were recorded on a CCD system combined with a high-resolution scintillator crystal and were measured by repeated cycles of exposure and sample translation along a direction perpendicular to the beam. The resulting images were then rendered into three dimensions utilizing open-source three-dimensional medical tomography algorithms that show the dislocation loops formed. Furthermore this technique allows for the production of a video (avi) file showing the rotation of the rendered topographs around any defined axis. The software also has the capability of splitting the image along a segmentation line and viewing the internal structure of the strain fields.

Diffraction by crystals

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blow
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Max Von Laue ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In Chapter 4 many two-dimensional examples were shown, in which a diffraction pattern represents the Fourier transform of the scattering object. When a diffracting object is three-dimensional, a new effect arises. In diffraction by a repetitive object, rays are scattered in many directions. Each unit of the lattice scatters, but a diffracted beam arises only if the scattered rays from each unit are all in phase. Otherwise the scattering from one unit is cancelled out by another. In two dimensions, there is always a direction where the scattered rays are in phase for any order of diffraction (just as shown for a one-dimensional scatterer in Fig. 4.1). In three dimensions, it is only possible for all the points of a lattice to scatter in phase if the crystal is correctly oriented in the incident beam. The amplitudes and phases of all the scattered beams from a three-dimensional crystal still provide the Fourier transform of the three-dimensional structure. But when a crystal is at a particular angular orientation to the X-ray beam, the scattering of a monochromatic beam provides only a tiny sample of the total Fourier transform of its structure. In the next section, we are going to find what is needed to allow a diffracted beam to be generated. We shall follow a treatment invented by Lawrence Bragg in 1913. Max von Laue, who discovered X-ray diffraction in 1912, used a different scheme of analysis; and Paul Ewald introduced a new way of looking at it in 1921. These three methods are referred to as the Laue equations, Bragg’s law and the Ewald construction, and they give identical results. All three are described in many crystallographic text books. Bragg’s method is straightforward, understandable, and suffices for present needs. I had heard J.J. Thomson lecture about…X-rays as very short pulses of radiation. I worked out that such pulses…should be reflected at any angle of incidence by the sheets of atoms in the crystal as if these sheets were mirrors.…It remained to explain why certain of the atomic mirrors in the zinc blende [ZnS] crystal reflected more powerfully than others.

scholarly journals Application of the Measure of Peer Justice Climate to a Multiethnic Sample

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989882
Author(s):  
Blaine Marcano ◽  
Gloria Castaño-Collado
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Justice Climate

The measure created by H. Li offers a useful tool for investigating justice perceptions among team members or peer justice climate; however, more research is required to confirm its structure in lieu of competing models. This study provides evidence for the three-dimensional structure of peer justice climate within a multiethnic context and explores its relation to outcome variable performance. Participants were 304 undergraduate students from universities in the multiethnic, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Competing structures of peer justice climate were compared using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results indicated that peer justice climate is best conceptualized as having three dimensions (distributive, procedural, interactional) with an overarching justice factor connecting them. Suggestions are made for improving the measure. Procedural peer justice climate was found to have a significant positive relation with team performance.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of crystal shapes by X-ray nanodiffraction from three-dimensional superlattices

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2030-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojmír Meduňa ◽  
Claudiu V. Falub ◽  
Fabio Isa ◽  
Daniel Chrastina ◽  
Thomas Kreiliger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Semiconductor Layer ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Solid State Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nondestructive Imaging ◽  
Low Dimensional

Quantitative nondestructive imaging of structural properties of semiconductor layer stacks at the nanoscale is essential for tailoring the device characteristics of many low-dimensional quantum structures, such as ultrafast transistors, solid state lasers and detectors. Here it is shown that scanning nanodiffraction of synchrotron X-ray radiation can unravel the three-dimensional structure of epitaxial crystals containing a periodic superlattice underneath their faceted surface. By mapping reciprocal space in all three dimensions, the superlattice period is determined across the various crystal facets and the very high crystalline quality of the structures is demonstrated. It is shown that the presence of the superlattice allows the reconstruction of the crystal shape without the need of any structural model.

CURVIS: a program to study and analyse crystallographic structures and phase transitions

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Piotto ◽  
Reinhard Nesper
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Crystallographic Structures ◽  
Surface Energy Analysis ◽  
File Format Conversion ◽  
Surface Calculation

The visualization of scientific data is, nowadays, of extreme importance. Phase transitions, the topology of a crystallographic system, the electron density distribution inside a lattice or the changes in crystal structure during phase transitions cannot be fully investigated without the help of proper visualization. The programCURVIS(downloadable free of charge upon request) was developed as a tool for investigating crystal structures and occurring transitions. In this tool, some features are implemented to analyse, display and manage the three-dimensional structure of crystals and single molecules. More importantly,CURVIScan generate and handle hyperbolic surfaces in three dimensions, and provide specific routines to perform calculations of curvature and energy of such surfaces. The most important features are (i) file format conversion (with assignment of the atom types and atomic charges), (ii) surface calculation and (iii) curvature and surface-energy analysis.

The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures in the ammonium and sodium salt hydrates of 4-aminophenylarsonic acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Smith ◽  
Urs D. Wermuth
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Arsanilic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
The One

The structures of two hydrated salts of 4-aminophenylarsonic acid (p-arsanilic acid), namely ammonium 4-aminophenylarsonate monohydrate, NH4+·C6H7AsNO3−·H2O, (I), and the one-dimensional coordination polymercatena-poly[[(4-aminophenylarsonato-κO)diaquasodium]-μ-aqua], [Na(C6H7AsNO3)(H2O)3]n, (II), have been determined. In the structure of the ammonium salt, (I), the ammonium cations, arsonate anions and water molecules interact through inter-species N—H...O and arsonate and water O—H...O hydrogen bonds, giving the common two-dimensional layers lying parallel to (010). These layers are extended into three dimensions through bridging hydrogen-bonding interactions involving thepara-amine group acting both as a donor and an acceptor. In the structure of the sodium salt, (II), the Na+cation is coordinated by five O-atom donors, one from a single monodentate arsonate ligand, two from monodentate water molecules and two from bridging water molecules, giving a very distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment. The water bridges generate one-dimensional chains extending alongcand extensive interchain O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions link these chains, giving an overall three-dimensional structure. The two structures reported here are the first reported examples of salts ofp-arsanilic acid.

scholarly journals The three-dimensional structure of the nemaline rod Z-band.

1990 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 2961-2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
E P Morris ◽  
G Nneji ◽  
J M Squire
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nemaline Myopathy ◽  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Filament Axis ◽  
Correct Alignment ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
Cross Links

In nemaline myopathy and some cardiac muscles, the Z-band becomes greatly enlarged and contains multiple layers of a zigzag structure similar to that seen in normal muscle. Because of the additional periodicity in the direction of the filament axis, these structures are particularly favorable for three-dimensional analysis since it becomes possible to average the data in all three dimensions and thus improve the reliability of the reconstruction. Individual views of the structure corresponding to tilted longitudinal and transverse sections were combined by matching the phases of common reflections. Examination of the tilted views strongly suggested that to the available resolution, the structure possesses fourfold screw symmetry along the actin filament axes. This symmetry could be used both in establishing the correct alignment for the combination of individual tilted views and to generate additional views not readily accessible in a single tilt series. The reconstruction shows actin filaments from one sarcomere surrounded by an array of four actin filaments with opposite polarity from the adjacent sacormere. The actin filaments show a right-handed twist and are connected by a structure that links adjacent filaments with the same polarity at the same axial level, then runs parallel to the filaments, and finally forms a link between two actin filaments whose polarity is opposite to that of the first pair. The connecting structure is probably composed of alpha-actinin which is located in Z-bands and cross-links actin filaments. The connecting structure may consist of two alpha-actinin molecules linking actin filaments of opposite polarity.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Structure and Temporal Evolution of Submesoscale Thermohaline Intrusions in the North Pacific Subtropical Frontal Zone

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Shcherbina ◽  
M. C. Gregg ◽  
M. H. Alford ◽  
R. R. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Frontal Zone ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Subtropical Front ◽  
The North ◽  
Lateral Advection ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Four instances of persistent intrusive deformation of the North Pacific Subtropical Front were tagged individually by a Lagrangian float and tracked for several days. Each feature was mapped in three dimensions using repeat towed observations referenced to the float. Isohaline surface deformations in the frontal zone included sheetlike folds elongated in the alongfront direction and narrow tongues extending across the front. All deformations appeared as protrusions of relatively cold, and fresh, water across the front. No corresponding features of the opposite sign or isolated lenslike structures were observed. The sheets were O(10 m) thick, protruded about 10 km into the warm saline side of the front, and were coherent for 10–30 km along the front. Having about the same thickness and cross-frontal extent as the sheets, tongues extended less than 5 km along the front. All of the intrusions persisted as long as they were followed, several days to one week. Their structures evolved on both inertial (23 h) and subinertial (∼10 days) time scales in response to differential lateral advection. The water mass surrounding the intrusions participated in gradual anticyclonic rotation as a part of a mesoscale meander of the subtropical front. The intrusions may be interpreted as a manifestation of three-dimensional submesoscale turbulence of the frontal zone, driven by the mesoscale. Absence of large features of the opposite sign may be indicative of the asymmetry of the underlying dynamics.

The three-dimensional structure of the cell wall glycoprotein of Chlorogonium elongatum

1984 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
P.J. Shaw ◽  
G.J. Hills
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Globular Domain ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Intersubunit Interactions

The green alga Chlorogonium elongatum, a member of the Volvocales, possesses a crystalline cell wall composed of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein similar to the primary cell wall glycoproteins of higher plants. Electron microscopy and computer image processing have been used to determine the crystal structure of the Chlorogonium cell wall in three dimensions to a resolution of 2.0 nm. The structure is composed of heterologous dimers. Each subunit of the dimer comprises a long, thin spacer domain and a large globular domain, which is the site of the intra- and inter-dimer interactions. There are also sites of intersubunit interactions at the opposite ends of the rod domains. We suggest that the rods are composed predominantly of glycosylated polyproline helix, as has been suggested for higher plant cell wall glycoproteins and has been shown for the cell wall glycoprotein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which is closely related to Chlorogonium.

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