scholarly journals Reduction of energy demand during ultrafiltration of goat’s milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Mariya Dushkova ◽  
Siyka Kodinova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Goat's Milk

This experimental investigation aimed to establish the energy demand depending on the working pressure (0,2 MPa and 0,5 MPa), the feed flow rate (190 dm3/h and 330 dm3/h) and the volume reduction ratio (2 and 4) during ultrafiltration of goat’s milk by membrane with molecular weight cut-off 10 kDa. The energy demand increased with the rise of all three factors investigated. The most significant effect had the pressure followed by the volume reduction ratio and the feed flow rate. The lowest value of energy demand (12,29 kWh/m3) was obtained at low levels of all factors (pressure of 0,2 MPa, feed flow rate of 190 dm3/h, volume reduction ratio of 2).

scholarly journals Effect of volume reduction ration on the concentration and retention factors during ultrafiltration of goat’s milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Siyka Dimitrova Kodinova ◽  
Mariya Atanasova Dushkova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Goat's Milk

This experimental work aimed to study the effect of volume reduction ratio on the concentration and retention (selectivity) factors during ultrafiltration of goat’s milk with UF25-PAN polyacrylnitrile membrane. They were calculated on the basis of dry matter, totoal protein, fat and ash content in retentates and permeate at volume reduction ratios of 2 and 3. The results showed that the increase in the volume reduction ratio from 2 to 3 led to an increase in the concentration factors of dry matter - from 1.34 ± 0.05 to 1.87 ± 0.03, total proteins – from 1.70 ± 0.02 to 2.72 ± 0.06, fat – from 1.71 ± 0.03 to 2.71 ± 0.03, ash – from 1.13 ± 0.02 to 1.52 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05). At these conditions, the retention factor (selectivity) of ash increased from 37.40 ± 2.19% to 53.50 ± 2.21% (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) of the selectivity of the membrane according to the proteins when volume reduction ratio increased. The results showed that these two volume reduction ratios and this membrane could be successfully used for the production of yoghurts with improved quality making them an excellent functional food.

scholarly journals Neonatal role of milk folate-binding protein: studies on the course of digestion of goat's milk folate binder in the 6-d-old kid

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Salter ◽  
A. Mowlem
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Folate Binding Protein ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk

1. Groups of kids were reared from birth to 5 d on goat's milk. On the 6th day five of the kids received by bottle a morning feed of goat's milk with [3H]folic acid added to saturate the folate-binding proteins (FBP) (Expt 1); three kids received raw goat's milk containing only the endogenous folate and hence a large surplus folate-binding capacity (FBC) (Expt 2). The contents of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were recovered by washing out 1·5 h after feeding (Expt 1) or at 0·5, 1 and 3·5 h after feeding (Expt 2).2. Recovery of [3H]folic acid 1·5 h after feeding (Expt 1) in all segments was 58·4%, mainly in a soluble form, most of this being in the stomach (37·0%) and ileum (14·3%). No surplus FBC was found in any gut segment. Sephadex G-75 chromatography of the soluble fractions of the contents of the various gut segments showed that [3H]folic acid remained bound to FBP throughout the stomach and small intestine. The bound [3H]folic acid exhibited a molecular weight of 81000 in stomach contents, similar to that in the milk feed, presumably representing an aggregated form of the FBP, whereas in the intestinal contents its molecular weight was 39000 indicating dissociation to monomer due to dilution in the recovery process.3. In Expt 2, the total recovery of free FBP in all four gut segments was 67, 54 and 23% respectively at 0·5, 1 and 3·5 h after the milk feed, and the distribution of FBP along the gut at 1 h was similar to that of [3H]folic acid-labelled FBP at 1·5 h in Expt 1. In mature goat's milk the endogenous 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was shown to be associated with species of molecular weight 80000 and 38000.4. The results indicate that goat's-milk FBP is relatively resistant to digestionby gastric and intestinal enzymes in vivo in the kid and survives along the length of thesmall intestine.5. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the possible influence of FBP on uptake of folate by mucosal cells and their relevance to neonatal folate nutrition.

scholarly journals Distillation optimization: Parameterized relationship between feed flow rate of a steady-state distillation column and heat duties of reboiler and condenser

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sukin ◽  
Anatoly Tsirlin ◽  
Alexander Balunov ◽  
Ilya Starodumov
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Distillation Columns ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

The paper considers the problem of maximum efficiency for the system of distillation columns. Columns in such systems are connected in parallel or sequential way. The mixture being separated is assumed to be close to ideal one. Authors parameterize the relationship between feed flow rate and heat duties of a steady-state binary distillation column using two parameters: the reversible efficiency and the irreversibility coefficient. This relationship is later being used to solve the problems about optimal distribution of heat and feed flows within the system. The results obtained allow to estimate minimum heat energy demand for distillation of the given feed flow, maximum performance and efficiency of the system.

Estimation of Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Some Dairy Products Manufactured from Raw Milk Experimentally Inoculated with Toxin

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
H. S. Alnaemi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Goat's Milk

     Fate of AflatoxinM1 in soft white cheese and its by-product (whey) and in yogurt locally made from raw sheep's and goat's milk experimentally inoculated with 0.05 and 0.5 µg/l AflatoxinM1 were investigated using ELISA technique. Results reported that AflatoxinM1 was concentrated in cheese at levels significantly higher than that recorded in the raw milk that used for its processing, with a significant decrease in AflatoxinM1 levels in its by-product (whey) comparable to the raw milk used in manufacturing at both inoculated levels. Yogurt produced from raw sheep's milk at second inoculated level exerted AflatoxinM1concentration significantly lower than that present in the milk. Significant differences in AflatoxinM1distribution in cheese and whey produced from sheep's milk comparable to their counterparts produced from goat's milk were recorded. Finally, results revealed the efficacious role of the various dairy manufacturing processes in AflatoxinM1 distribution and the necessity to issue of local legislations concerning the maximum permissible limits for AflatoxinM1 in milk in order to stay within the universal permissible levels for AflatoxinM1 in dairy products to provide greater protection for consumer health. 

Experimental and Modelling of Aqueous Radioactive Waste Treatment by Ultrafiltration

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1151
Author(s):  
Laura Ruxandra Zicman ◽  
Elena Neacsu ◽  
Felicia Nicoleta Dragolici ◽  
Catalin Ciobanu ◽  
Gheorghe Dogaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Volumetric Flux

Ultrafiltration of untreated and pretreated aqueous radioactive wastes was conducted using a spiral-wound polysulphonamide membrane. The influence of process factors on its performances was experimental studied and predicted. Permeate volumetric flux and permeate total suspended solids (TSS) were measured at different values of feed flow rate (7 and 10 m3/h), operating pressure (0.1-0.4 MPa), and feed TSS (15 and 60 mg/L). Permeate flux (42-200 L/(m2�h)) increased with feed flow rate and operating pressure as well as it decreased with an increase in feed TSS, whereas permeate TSS (0.1-33.2 mg/L) exhibited an opposite trend. A 23 factorial plan was used to establish correlations between dependent and independent variables of ultrafiltration process.

scholarly journals Effects of Fe-Doped Electrolyte and Feed Flow Rate Evaluation in Home Made Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 1143 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
Hary Devianto ◽  
Isdiriyani Nurdin ◽  
Pramujo Widiatmoko ◽  
Kafi Adi Prasetya ◽  
Basil Pradipta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Evaluation

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of a Novel Window-Type Convection Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Han-Tang Lin ◽  
Yunn-Horng Guu ◽  
Wei-Hsuan Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Digit Series ◽  
Slit Size ◽  
Deflector Plate

Global warming, climate change, and ever-increasing energy demand are among the pressing challenges currently facing humanity. Particularly, indoor air conditioning, a major source of energy consumption, requires immediate improvement to prevent energy crises. In this study, various airfoil profiles were applied to create a window-type convection device that entrains air to improve convection between indoor and outdoor airflows and adjust the indoor temperature. How the geometric structure of the convection device affects its air entrainment performance was investigated on the basis of various airfoil profiles and outlet slit sizes of the airflow multiplier. The airfoil profiles were designed according to the 4-digit series developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The results revealed that airfoil thickness, airfoil camber, and air outlet slit size affected the mass flow rate of the convection device. Overall, the mass flow rate at the outlet of the convection device was more than 10 times greater than at the inlet, demonstrating the potential of the device to improve air convection. To validate these simulated results, the wind-deflector plate was processed using the NACA4424 airfoil with a 1.2 mm slit, and various operating voltages were applied to the convection device to measure the resulting wind speeds and calculate the corresponding mass flow rates. The experimental and simulated results were similar, with a mean error of <7%, indicating that the airfoil-shaped wind-deflector plate substantially improved air entrainment of the convection device to the goal of reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Column Study for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye using Azadirachta indica Adsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Vibha Goswami ◽  
Renu Upadhyaya ◽  
Sumanta Kumar Meher
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Methylene Blue Dye ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Percentage Removal

In this study, synthesised Azadirachta indica adsorbent was used for the removal of methylene blue dye using a packed bed column. The effect of feed flow rate, feed methylene blue dye concentration, and bed height of column on percentage removal of dye was studied. It was observed that the column bed exhausted rapidly at a higher flow rate and therefore, a breakthrough occurred faster. However, it was observed that bed exhaustion time increases on increasing the bed height from 2 to 10 inch at 10 mg/L feed dye concentration and feed flow rate of 40 ml/min. It was also found that the breakthrough curve is more dispersed and the percentage removal of dye increases on decreasing the feed methylene dye concentration from 150 to 10 mg/L. The percentage removal was found to be 96.89% at 20 ml/min of feed flow rate under 10 inch of bed height and 10 mg/L of feed dye concentration. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope were used for estimating the effluent dye concentration from the column and morphological study, respectively.

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