scholarly journals Analysis of word-formation processes in the English and Russian thematic groups “insectophones”

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 21014
Author(s):  
Victoria Oschepkova ◽  
Elizaveta Razheva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Stem Composition

The article is devoted to the consideration of derivative processes in the English and Russian thematic groups “insectophones” / «инсектофоны». Due to the diversity of the compared languages, the features of word formation in the studied groups are revealed and the processes of occurrence of insectophones in the language are described. For the English language, the key methods are derivation methods such as stem composition, suffixation, back derivation and conversion. The most productive is the stem composition. For the Russian language within the framework of the studied thematic group, the leading methods can be called the same as in English with the exception of conversion. In Russian, the most common way of forming insectophones is suffixation. In both languages, insectophones formed using diminutive suffixes, which subsequently lost the meaning of subjective assessment, are identified. In compound words in English and Russian, the place of the repeating element is different (in English - in the second place, in Russian - in the first one).

Russian borrowings in the Karakalpak language

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 328-335
Author(s):  
Nietbay S. Karimkhodjaev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Russian Language

The study is devoted to the issues of interinfluence of Russian and Karakalpak languages on a basis of borrowings by calquing. Borrowings of Russian words and word combinations by calquing specified as one of sources of enrichment of the lexicon of modern Karakalpak language. We analyze the features of some calqued terms. We characterize the ways of word formation by calquing method. Thematic directions and tendencies of forming of calques are highlighted. The process of calquing is shown in the light of historical development of society in different periods. Words and word combinations calqued from Russian into Karakalpak language, are subdivided on morphology-syntactic and semantic structure. Full and semi calques are analyzed. Various forms of perception in the Karakalpak language of word combinations of the Russian language by calquing are indicated. Some peculiarities of structural and semantic calques in Karakalpak language are discussed. Calqued lexical units are considered from the point of morphological structure. We analyze the calques formed by some suffixes. We characterize the linguistic phenomena occurring in the language during calquing using prefixes. We also discuss the problems of calquing in Karakalpak language of compound words from Russian languages, analyze the calques formed in Karakalpak language as the result of this process. We indicate the ways of forming semantic calques: determinologization, terminologization, conversion. The main factors of the semantic calquing appearance in the Karakalpak language are identified and substantiated.

Zu den Voraussetzungen für eine Teilnahme an der aktuellen internationalen Kommunikation: Beispiel Russisch

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

AbstractThis paper shows, which development trends of the Russian language have enabled its speakers to take part in the current international communication. First, borrowings are mentioned, the formation of which, above all, has resorted to the English language. Then, abbreviations are mentioned, that can either be traced back to the non-Russian linguistic sign or have been created on the basis of the Russian translation. The so-called barbarisms have been taken over into the Russian language in their Latin notation. It is interesting to see how all these forms are used in word formation and embedded into grammatical procedures.

scholarly journals Occasional word-formation as a dynamic aspect of the Russian language derivational system

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Tatyana Shchuklina
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the study of unusual word-formation as a manifestation of the dynamic aspect of Russian word-formation. The subject of the research are active wordbuilding processes of the modern Russian language, structural-semantic and functionalpragmatic characteristics of occasional units. The research is based on theoretical contributions of W. von Humboldt where the language is considered not only as a product of human activity but as an activity itself, and ideas of E. A. Zemskaya of activity nature of the Russian wordformation as a subsystem of the general language system. Revealing of productive methods and techniques of occasional neologisms formation functioning in the Russian newspaper periodicals testifies that occasional word-formation is one of the most important operating mechanisms of the Russian language derivational system; the dynamics of word-formation processes in the language of mass media reflects general trends of the modern Russian literary language development, taking place within the framework of language democratization and liberalization.

scholarly journals The Adaptation of Loan Interjection wow in the Russian Language through the Prism of Modern Explanatory Dictionary: From Slang to Everyday Speech, from Everyday Speech to Terminology

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
I. O. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article considers the adaptation process of the loan interjection wow that was borrowed into Russian from American English in the early 1990s and at first was mostly used as slang, but later on it entered everyday speech. The research is carried out as a part of the project aimed at exploring the lexis of the modern Russian language, i.e. its main functional and chronological varieties and lexical categories with the use of “The Dictionary of the 21st Century Russian Language”. The novelty and specificity of the investigation lies in a comprehensive study of Russian lexis using a new approach “from dictionary to language” in contrast to the traditional one “from language to dictionary”. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the potential of this principle in practice, that is to describe some interesting phenomena in modern Russian using the material of several entries, – namely вау (wow), вау- (wow-), вау-эффект (wow effect), вау-фактор (wow factor) – selected from the dictionary mentioned above. This series clearly demonstrates the phenomena typical of modern Russian, that is the blurring of the boundaries between colloquial speech and other stylistic registers and the active interpenetration of words from one stylistic variety to another. The analysis of the dictionary entries revealed the gradual process of penetration of the interjection wow into the Russian language through its adaptation. It may be converted into a noun, a predicative or an analytic adjective, it may be reduplicated to indicate the intensity of surprise/ admiration, it may be used as a productive derivational element and even as a component of some special terms. This process is extraordinary for the Russian language, since, firstly, it affects one of the most stable groups of lexical items, and secondly, it is associated with acquiring a terminological meaning by a word component initially used as an exclamation to express a certain emotion. These new linguistic processes are largely due to the influence of the English language. This influence is so great that we can observe not only an active penetration of the Anglo-American interjection wow into the Russian everyday speech – emotive interjections were hardly ever borrowed – but also its integration into the Russian word-formation system.

scholarly journals SOME BARRIERS AND DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEECH COMMUNICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A ALTUKHOVA ◽  
◽  
I.A ALTUKHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The One ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Communicative Activity

The article presents an analysis of the system of Russian as a foreign language not as a list of theoretical rules presented in the level-by-level description of the language (phonetics → word formation → morphology → syntax → text), but as a component of meaningful, purposeful and meaningful communication based on a communicative-activity approach. It is noted that at the present stage of development of methods of teaching foreign languages, special attention is paid to the development of skills and abilities of adequate communication. At the same time, teachers of Russian as a foreign language are faced with the need to teach students how to form thoughts by means of the Russian language at all levels of proficiency, despite the barriers that arise in teaching foreign communication. A teacher of the Russian language is able to do this only with a purposeful, clear strategy for teaching foreign students who are taught with the help of an intermediary language, relying on a communicative-activity approach. The article notes the teacher's duty to activate the mechanisms of conscious perception of linguistic facts for the development of active speech. This helps to overcome the one-sided view of teaching the language to students of the English-language form of education

scholarly journals Characteristics of derivative functioning with the suffix –sh(a) in russian jargon

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Makleeva ◽  
Vera Alekseevna Kosova ◽  
Elena Mikhailovna Markova
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article discusses the features of the derivative functioning of with the suffix -sh(a) in Russian jargon.. The material for the research was the "Big Dictionary of Russian Jargon"  containing about 25,000 words. 20 units with the suffix -sh(a) were identified by the method of continuous sampling, their derivational and semantic properties were analyzed. It was found that out of 20 derivatives with the suffix -sh(a), seven are recorded in the National Corpus of the Russian language, representing by 97 contexts. Two words out of seven (guest performer and commandant) are used only in their direct meaning. No contexts have been identified in which these words would be used in the meaning recorded with the Great Dictionary of Russian Jargon. The main way of forming jargon with the suffix -sh(a) is the actual suffixation; in rare cases, suffix universalization is observed. The inclusion of foreign words in word-formation processes is noted, which confirms the productivity of this suffix in colloquial speech. It was found that the suffix -sh(a) performs the following functions in jargon: nominative, evaluative-expressive and style-forming.    

scholarly journals Elements of Incorporation in the Russian Commercial Naming

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-788
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Perfilieva ◽  
Inna I. Galankina
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the problem of word formation incorporation in the Russian language. Incorporation is understood as the merger of two or more words into one morphological whole without the participation of word-forming formants, in which the value of the derivative is transformed in relation to the values of the original words. The derivatives of incorporation are called incorporation complexes. Components of incorporated complexes are classified as quasi-morphemes, which are special elements that do not correspond to the classical notion of lexical or word-forming units. A review of scientific papers on incorporation in the languages of the world demonstrates different approaches to this phenomenon and terminological differences in its definition. Incorporation has been a subject of study for more than a century as an essential characteristic of polysynthetic and analytical languages. In relation to inflectional Russian, this phenomenon has not been systematically described, which determines the relevance of the study and its analysis in this article. This linguistic phenomenon in the Russian language is relatively recent and, of course, requires scientific evaluation. The authors set a goal to determine the boundaries of word-formation incorporation in the Russian language and its differences from similar derivational models. The article considers the incorporation on the basis of the Russian commercial name. The material is collected by the method of continuous sampling from Internet sites. Incoporation complexes are selected among commercial names or ergonyms, which are signs of grocery stores, restaurants, cafes and other commercial establishments. As a result of the research, the classification of ergonyms formed according to the incorporated word-formation model in the modern Russian language is developed. The study is of great interest, as it offers an analysis of the trend actively developing in inflectional Russian. The method of contrastive analysis is used to compare similar examples from modern English. Lexical units from the English language have become the object of study, as the models of word formation of the English language are borrowed together with words. A significant group of examples of Russian ergonyms with borrowed components, among which English-language segments predominate, is also highlighted. The presence of incorporation in the Russian language, in particular, in commercial naming is considered as proof of the universality of certain linguistic phenomena in word formation.

LEXICOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT OF THE LEXEME «POGRYAZNUT’» (X - XVII CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена описанию глагола «погрязнуть» по лексикографическим источникам, фиксирующим словарный состав русского языка X - XVII вв. В работе используется метод лингвистического портретирования, позволяющий объединить данные этимологических и исторических словарей и увидеть динамику развития семантического, словообразовательного, сочетаемостного и стилистического потенциала языковой единицы в диахронии. В статье подробно изложены материалы этимологических и исторических словарей русского языка, приведены и описаны многочисленные варианты употребления имперфектива грязнуть и перфектива погрязнуть, зафиксированные в словарях, содержащих лексику древнерусского и старорусского периодов: гр#зъти, гр#зhти, гр#зити, гр#знqти, погрязати - погр#зти, погр#зити, погр#знqти. Установлено, что в древнерусском языке глагол гр#зноути (гр`t#знuти) имел прямое номинативное значение «погружаться, тонуть» и редко употреблялся в памятниках письменности. Многозначным и наиболее частотным был положительный, результативный член глагольной видовой пары перфектив погрязнуть (погр#зноути). В статье приведены все лексико-семантические варианты глагола и примеры словоупотреблений, зафиксированные в словарях, отражающих лексику X - XVII веков. В статье приведены синонимы и многочисленные дериваты глагола погрязнуть , в том числе рассмотрена семантика абстрактных существительных, образованных от глагола погрязнуть ( погрязение, погрязнение, погрязновение ) и отражающих влияние церковнославянского языка на книжно-письменный литературный язык древнерусского и старорусского периодов. Лексикографический портрет лексемы погрязнуть проявляет неоднозначность в трактовке некоторых значений в разные исторические периоды. Проведенный анализ позволяет сравнить значения лексемы, увидеть их отличительные особенности и сделать вывод о существовании самостоятельных стереотипных образов, существующих в сознании носителей языка в X - XVII веках. The article is devoted to the description of the verb "to wallow" from lexicographic sources that fix the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. The method of linguistic portraiture is used to combine data from etymological and historical dictionaries and see the dynamics of the development of the semantic, word-formation and stylistic potential of the language unit in the diachrony. The article details the materials of etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, presents and describes numerous variants of the use of an imperfective “gryaznut’” and a perfective “pogryaznut’”, recorded in dictionaries containing the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. It has been established that in the ancient Russian language, the imperfective “gryaznut’” had a direct nominative meaning of "dive, sink" and was rarely used in monuments of writing. The multi-valued and most frequency used was the positive, effective perfective “pogryaznut’”. The article presents all lexical and semantic variants of the verb and examples of word usage recorded in dictionaries that reflect the vocabulary of the X - XVII centuries. The article presents synonyms and numerous derivatives of the verb, including the semantics of abstract nouns formed from the verb “pogryaznut’” and reflecting the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the book-written literary language of the old Russian period. The lexicographic portrait of the lexeme “pogryaznut’” shows ambiguity in the interpretation of certain meanings in different historical periods. The analysis allows us to compare the meanings of the lexeme, see their distinctive features and conclude that there are independent stereotypical images that exist in the minds of native speakers in the X - XVII centuries.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS IN STUDYING OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PR-DISCOURSE

Yazykoznaniye ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
A.Yu. KHAKHALEVA
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Linguistic Pragmatics ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Means ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses the main approaches to studying the modern Russian-language PR-discourse that represents a relatively new and actively developing sphere of communication. First of all, the researchers of the Russian-language PR-discourse analyze its lexical composition. In particular, they consider the ways of adapting the English-language PR-terms that play an important role in reflecting new objects of extralinguistic reality. Moreover, the linguistic means of this type of discourse are studied from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics. The works in this area emphasize the importance of such way of speech impact as suggestion and the corresponding pragmatic methods that is determined by the manipulative character of the Russian-language PR-discourse. In the light of this peculiarity, the linguists are also interested in the process of mythologization that consists in distorting the connections between the objects of reality and is aimed at creating the positive image of the subject of PR-communication.

scholarly journals Armed conflicts as a source of new formations in the Russian language (on material of the armed conflict in Donbass)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Language

The vocabulary of a language is a variable quantity, it is constantly changing, responding to the needs of life and reflecting its new realities. The events taking place in the South-East of Ukraine since March 2014 have significantly changed the usual picture of the world of the parties involved in this conflict, led to a new interpretation of reality, the emergence of new mental constructs, objectified in the language using a number of lexical innovations, most of which fall under the definition of „hate speech”. The purpose of this article is to try to examine the impact of the armed conflict in the South-East of Ukraine on the emergence of lexical innovations in the Russian language, to identify ways of forming new units and their main thematic clusters. The material for the work was neoplasms recorded in electronic Russian and Russian-speaking Ukrainian mass media, as well as selected from social networks and videos. The analysis showed that in the context of the armed conflict in the South-East of Ukraine, the characteristic manifestations of „hate speech” are mainly numerous new categories-labels with a pronounced conflict potential. The priority in this regard is offensive and derogatory nominations of representatives of the opposite camp, taking into account their worldview / ideological, national / ethnic, territorial / regional characteristics. The military jargon has also undergone a significant update, incorporating not only the reactualized slangisms of the era of the Afghan campaign of 1979-89, but also lexical innovations caused by the military and political realities of the current armed conflict in the Donbas. Neologisms are formed in accordance with the existing methods in the Russian language (word formation, semantic derivation, borrowing). At the same time, non-standard word-forming techniques are also used (language play, homophony, etc.).

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