scholarly journals Vaccination of cows against mastitis-an alternative to antibiotics application

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02036
Author(s):  
M. N. Isakova ◽  
U.V. Sivkova ◽  
M.V. Ryaposova
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Research Organization ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Protocol ◽  
A Value ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Animal Vaccination ◽  
Pedigree Breeding

Data demonstrating the effectiveness of the antimastitic vaccine in bred livestock farms in the Sverdlovsk region by examining the level of diagnosed mastitis and the index of somatic cells (SCC) in milk are given. Application of animal immunization against mastitis revealed that 6 months after the first vaccination of animals in the pedigree breeding unit and plant, the number of identified mastitis reduced by 16.6% and 7.3%, respectively, and the level of SCC in the milk of highly productive cows by 26.5% and 10.7%, respectively. 12 months after the first vaccination protocol was applied. The overall number of animals with evidence of mastitis in the pedigree breeding unit and plant was 13.3% and 7.5%, respectively. The SCC level in 1 organization was 290 thousand/ml, and in 2 - 450 thousand / ml. The research found a significant reduction in the diagnosed mastitis in animals after 32 months due to the application of the antimastitis vaccine. The overall number of diseases reduced by 30.6% in organization 1 and 26.2% in organization 2 comparing to the period of the beginning of vaccination. Results: the dynamics of decrease in asymptomatic and clinical mastitis in organization 2 comparing to the period at the time of immunization was 19.5% and 11.1%, respectively. And in organization 1, the level of asymptomatic and clinical mastitis decreased by 16.9% and 9.0%, respectively. The quantity of SCC in the milk of cows kept in the research organization 1 had a value of 152 thousand/ml, which is 83.9% lower comparing to the first period of the study. The level of SCC in the tested samples of milk of animals kept in organization 2 was 263 thousand/ml, which is 62.2% lower than this index before the application of the animal vaccination program against mastitis.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure for Resistance and Susceptibility to Mastitis in Braunvieh Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Mitzilin Zuleica Trujano-Chavez ◽  
Reyna Sánchez-Ramos ◽  
Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Agustín Ruíz-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Candidate Loci

Mastitis is a disease that causes significant economic losses, since resistance to mastitis is a difficult trait to be improved due to its multifactorial occurrence. Therefore, our objective was to characterize a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population for genetic resistance and susceptibility to mastitis. We used 66 SNP markers for 45 candidate genes in 150 animals. The average heterozygosity was 0.445 ± 0.076, a value higher than those reported for some European breeds. The inbreeding coefficient was slightly negative for resistance to subclinical (−0.058 ± 0.055) and clinical (−0.034 ± 0.076) mastitis, possibly due to low selection for the immunological candidate genes that influence these traits. The genotypic profiles for the candidate loci per K-means group were obtained, as well as the group distribution through the graphics of the principal component analysis. The genotypic profiles showed high genetic diversity among groups. Resistance to clinical mastitis had the lowest presence of the heterozygous genotypes. Although the percentage of highly inbred animals (>50%) is up to 13.3%, there are highly heterozygous groups in terms of the studied traits, a favorable indicator of the presence of genetic diversity. The results of this study constitute evidence of the genetic potential of the Mexican Braunvieh population to improve mastitis-related traits.

Value-Sensitive Design of Unmanned Aerial Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Tabitha Andersen ◽  
Dylan Cawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Organization ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
System Engineer ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Theory Practice Gap ◽  
Aerial Systems

What happens when an engineer attempts to address the value-neutral paradigm and the holistic deficits in engineering science? This paper sets out to account for the interplay between an unmanned aerial system engineer acting as a “champion” of value sensitive design (VSD) and their more objectivist research organization. Action research methods are used by the authors in an attempt to implement VSD in a real-world research organization and thereby bridge the theory-practice gap. Primary empirical data are collected which indicate the engineer has internalized and often utilizes a VSD approach. Both barriers and catalysts to wider adoption of VSD within the organization are experienced, and recommendations for overcoming paradigmatic, strategic, structural, and cultural barriers are addressed. This work demonstrates how action research can be used to shift engineering away from a value-neutral paradigm towards the value-sensitive approach advocated by the authors.

Breakdown of caseins by proteinases in bovine milks with high somatic cell counts arising from mastitis or infusion with bacterial endotoxin

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Proteinase Activity ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Activity Curve ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

SummaryMilk obtained from cows which were either infected by clinical mastitis or had been subjected to intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin possessed high counts of somatic cells and very high levels of proteinase activity which hydrolysed the caseins almost completely in a few hours at 37 °C. The rate of hydrolysis of β-casein was slightly greater than that of αs1-casein, but in both cases hydrolysis was enhanced by 6 cycles of freezing and thawing to disrupt somatic cell membranes. A study of the relationship between proteinase activity and cell count suggested that only some of the proteinase activity originated in the somatic cells and also that the identity of the cells making up the total cellular population was important. Maximum proteolysis occurred at 50–60 °C, but the temperature-activity curve was a broad peak. Likewise the pH versus activity plot was very broad and was almost flat over the pH range 6–9. Experiments with a number of inhibitors of proteinases failed to give a clear cut pattern of inhibition. All evidence obtained was consistent with the view that several different enzymes with different pH and temperature optima and different specificities contributed to the overall hydrolysis of caseins in these milks. From electrophoretic band patterns one of these enzymes was clearly plasmin, but in high cell count milks other proteinases also became significant.

scholarly journals Business-Model of the Organization in Economy of Knowledge

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Kukushkin
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Research Organization ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Academic Activity ◽  
A Value ◽  
The University ◽  
Distinguishing Features

On the basis of the pattern of organization business-model the author puts forward business-models of the organization of the quadro-sector of economy of knowledge. Mainly, university is an organization of this sector and it carries out education and academic activity. Therefore, a typical business-model was designed for it and it was called 'mirror'. University activity as a business organization has always had certain distinguishing features. These features imply, first of all, that future specialist during the whole period of training acts both as a key resource and a customer and, finally as a value offer. The next important feature is connected with the fact that knowledge is not only transferred in the university but it is developed there. In economy of knowledge the university is assigned a part of a researcher and an impetus to development. At the same time, the university, which can train personnel for other industries and develop knowledge, can also in cooperation with other organizations develop knowledgeintensive products. In this case another business-model is necessary, which was called 'refraction'. Its own business-model was developed for the research organization. The article reveals the content and specific features of each block of advanced business-models. And finally, the author formulated the problem that should be resolved by economic science due to shaping of economy of knowledge.

scholarly journals Use of California mastitis test, somatic cells count and bacteriological findings in diagnostics of subclinical mastitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Varatanovic ◽  
M. Podzo ◽  
T. Mutevelic ◽  
K. Podzo ◽  
B. Cengic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Racial Origin ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Reaction Intensity ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Continuous Use

We have performed diagnostics of sub clinical mastitis in three different cow breeds with comparison of California mastitis test results, somatic cells count at quarter level and with bacteriological findings confirmation in order to justify their appliance in mastitis diagnostics. In total, 90 cows or 360 quarters of mammary gland have been examined. In 63.3 % of the examined cows, with different racial origin, positive reaction to California mastitis test have been established. Usually, positive reaction have been found in milk of one and two quarters, with reaction intensity of one and two plus. SSC higher than 200.000 in 1 ml is established in 60 % of cases and the most often causes of mastitis were staphylococcae, streptococcae and mixed infections. With continuous use of this methods it is possible to timely detect presence of sub clinical mastitis and so to obtain satisfactory results in prevention and therapy of mastitis, as well as improvement in amount and quality of milk.

scholarly journals The Mineral Composition of Milk from High-Yielding Dairy Cows Depending on the Month of Lactation and Udder Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4803
Author(s):  
Anna Nogalska ◽  
Martyna Momot ◽  
Zenon Nogalski
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the month of lactation and udder health of high-yielding Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows on daily milk production and the content of K, Ca, Na, Mg and Zn in milk. The experimental materials comprised 380 milk samples collected from 38 cows. The highest average daily milk yield (49.1 kg) was noted in cows in the second month of lactation and, considering udder health, in cows whose milk contained 201,000 to 400,000 somatic cells per mL on average (denoting risk of mastitis). The K content of milk increased (p < 0.05) in successive months of lactation, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the Zn content of milk. The average content of Ca (842 mg∙dm−3), Na (344.5 mg dm−3) and Mg (98.5 mg dm−3) in milk was below the lower limits of the normal physiological ranges. Milk from cows with healthy udders (≤200,000 somatic cells per mL) had the highest concentration of K, whereas the levels of Na and Zn were highest in milk from cows with clinical mastitis (> 1 mln somatic cells per mL). Udder inflammation was accompanied by an increase in the levels of Na and Zn in milk. The high content of Na and Zn in milk can be an additional indicator of mastitis in cows.

scholarly journals Cytological quality of milk of primiparous cows kept in cubicles bedded with separated manure

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Stanisław Winnicki ◽  
Zbigniew Sobek ◽  
Ryszard Kujawiak ◽  
Jerzy Jugowar ◽  
Anna Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. A study was conducted on the effect of separated manure as bedding material on milk quality as manifested in the somatic cell count. Cows were maintained in a loose barn in cubicles bedded with fresh separated cattle manure (SCM) with 40 % solids content. Analyses were conducted on 242 primiparous Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows in the course of a 305-day lactation. Mean milk yield in that period amounted to over 9000 kg per cow. Somatic cell counts, daily milk yields and chemical composition of milk were analysed. Data were obtained from analyses of 2324 milk samples. It was found that 93.3 % of samples contained less than 400 000 somatic cells per 1 mL milk. Approximately 4.3 % of milk samples contained the number of somatic cells indicating subclinical mastitis (200 000 cells mL−1), while in 2.4 % it was clinical mastitis (> 800 000 cells mL−1). The incidence rate for both forms of mastitis was similar in the beginning and at the end of lactation. Mean daily milk yield of cows producing milk classified according to quality (SCC) grades 1 (< 25 000 cells mL−1) and 2 (< 25 000; 50 000 > cells mL−1) was statistically significantly greater than the yields of other cows. For analysed milk constituents a relationship was found between SCC classes and contents of milk fat and solids. Conducted analyses showed that SCM as bedding in cow cubicles had no effect on somatic cell counts in milk of primiparous cows. The study was conducted in a single holding, in one lactation, on cows calving in 2014.

Risk factors associated with mastitis and raw milk quality in small farms of Texcoco, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadira Guadalupe Hernández Vázquez ◽  
J. G. Herrera-Haro ◽  
M. M. Crosby-Galván ◽  
M.E. Ortega-Cerrilla ◽  
Y. Bautista-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective: to determine the nutritional and physicochemical quality, and the presenceof aflatoxins in raw milk, as well as risk factors for developing mastitis in 20 family farmsin the region of Texcoco, Mexico.Methods: MilkoSCan FT1 was used for nutritional and physicochemical analysis ofmilk. Somatic cells were quantified and the cow’s health status was tested usingSomaticell; furthermore, the presence of Aflatoxin M1 was determined using lateral flowimmunochromatography.Results: the milk evaluated in this study reported normal nutritional values according toNMX-F-700-COFOCALEC-2012, which guarantees its quality for human consumption.The pH ranged from 5.0 to 8.4, which indicates deficient temperature control in somefarms, leading to problems with acidity. The logistical analysis showed that adequateudder cleaning during milking is important to avoid it being a risk factor for an increasein somatic cells and degree of mastitis, although not the milking technique or teatsealing. The presence of aflatoxin AFM1 was not reported in raw milk.Study implications: the Somaticell® technique renders a qualitative and efficientdiagnosis of clinical mastitis. Conclusions: raw milk quality from this region guarantees consumers with a safe andapt product for human consumption or transformation into dairy byproducts.

scholarly journals Impact of various milking equipment on incidence of mastitis in dairy herd

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
A.P. Palii ◽  
Y.O. Kovalchuk ◽  
Y.A. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
High Degree

It was found that the lowest percentage of cows with mastitis was recorded in winter: 10.3% (P≤0.001) when milking with ‘De Laval’ equipment and 17.7% (P≤0.001) when milking with the ADM-8A unit. The highest incidence of mastitis in cows was observed in summer: 21.0% (P≤0.001) and 27.1% (P≤0.001), respectively, when milking cows at milking parlors ‘De Laval’ and ADM-8A. It was found that, when using milking equipment ADM-8A, adult cows are 2.1-1.7 times more prone to mastitis compared to cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. When milking cows with the ‘De Laval’ unit, the incidence of mastitis in adult cows is 4.3-1.1 times higher than in cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. Gentle milking mode on the ‘De Laval’ equipment allowed to increase the number of completely healthy animals to 74%, which is 9.6% more than when using the milking unit ADM-8A (64.4%), and to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis in cows by 3.4 times. It has been established that in cows with disorders in the udder the content of somatic cells in the secretion of the udder significantly changes (with a high degree of correlation) in all periods of the functional state of the body. Thus, during subclinical mastitis r=l0.72 (P≤0.001) and udder irritation r=l0.58 (P≤0.05). At the beginning of lactation, subclinical mastitis is accompanied with significant changes in the activity of enzymes: muramidase r=l0.84 (P≤0.001), lactoperoxidase r=l0.65 (P≤0.01) and lactoferrin r=l0.66 (P≤0.01).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document