scholarly journals Impact of various milking equipment on incidence of mastitis in dairy herd

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
A.P. Palii ◽  
Y.O. Kovalchuk ◽  
Y.A. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
High Degree

It was found that the lowest percentage of cows with mastitis was recorded in winter: 10.3% (P≤0.001) when milking with ‘De Laval’ equipment and 17.7% (P≤0.001) when milking with the ADM-8A unit. The highest incidence of mastitis in cows was observed in summer: 21.0% (P≤0.001) and 27.1% (P≤0.001), respectively, when milking cows at milking parlors ‘De Laval’ and ADM-8A. It was found that, when using milking equipment ADM-8A, adult cows are 2.1-1.7 times more prone to mastitis compared to cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. When milking cows with the ‘De Laval’ unit, the incidence of mastitis in adult cows is 4.3-1.1 times higher than in cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. Gentle milking mode on the ‘De Laval’ equipment allowed to increase the number of completely healthy animals to 74%, which is 9.6% more than when using the milking unit ADM-8A (64.4%), and to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis in cows by 3.4 times. It has been established that in cows with disorders in the udder the content of somatic cells in the secretion of the udder significantly changes (with a high degree of correlation) in all periods of the functional state of the body. Thus, during subclinical mastitis r=l0.72 (P≤0.001) and udder irritation r=l0.58 (P≤0.05). At the beginning of lactation, subclinical mastitis is accompanied with significant changes in the activity of enzymes: muramidase r=l0.84 (P≤0.001), lactoperoxidase r=l0.65 (P≤0.01) and lactoferrin r=l0.66 (P≤0.01).

Reliability of the bulk milk somatic cell count as an indication of average herd somatic cell count

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lievaart ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Henk Hogeveen ◽  
Wim Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
The Difference

Bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is a frequently used parameter to estimate the subclinical mastitis prevalence in a dairy herd, but it often differs considerably from the average SCC of all individual cows in milk. In this study, first the sampling variation was determined on 53 dairy farms with a BMSCC ranging from 56 000 to 441 000 cells/ml by collecting five samples on each farm of the same bulk tank. The average absolute sampling variation ranged from 1800 to 19 800 cells/ml. To what extent BMSCC represents all lactating cows was evaluated in another 246 farms by comparing BMSCC to the average herd SCC corrected for milk yield (CHSCC), after the difference was corrected for the sampling variation of BMSCC. On average BMSCC was 49 000 cells/ml lower than CHSCC, ranging from −10 000 cells/ml to 182 000 cells/ml, while the difference increased with an increasing BMSCC. Subsequently, management practices associated with existing differences were identified. Farms with a small (<20%) difference between BMSCC and CHSCC administered intramuscular antibiotics for the treatment of clinical mastitis more often, used the high SCC history when cows were dried off more frequently and had a higher number of treatments per clinical mastitis case compared with farms with a large (⩾20%) difference. Farms feeding high-SCC milk or milk with antibiotic residues to calves were 2·4-times more likely to have a large difference. Although sampling variation influences the differences between BMSCC and CHSCC, the remaining difference is still important and should be considered when BMSCC is used to review the average herd SCC and the subclinical mastitis prevalence.

Using dairy herd improvement records and clinical mastitis history to identify subclinical mastitis infections at dry-off

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey H Torres ◽  
Päivi J Rajala-Schultz ◽  
Fred J DeGraves ◽  
Kent H Hoblet
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
On Farm ◽  
First 90 Days ◽  
Major Pathogens

Interest in selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) has been increasing owing to concerns over development of antimicrobial resistance. Implementation of SDCT, however, requires a quick and cost-effective on-farm method for identifying cows for treatment and cows that can be left without treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of clinical mastitis (CM) history and somatic cell counts (SCC) from monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records in identification of infected and uninfected cows at dry-off. A total of 647 Holstein cows were classified as uninfected or infected at dry-off based on CM history and varying number of monthly SCC records (with three different SCC cut-offs). Cows were considered uninfected based on the following criteria: (1) SCC <100 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; (2) SCC <200 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; (3) as criterion two, but additionally a cow was also considered uninfected if it experienced a case of CM during the first 3 months of the lactation and the SCC was <100 000 cells/ml for the rest of the lactation; (4) SCC <300 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; otherwise they were considered infected. Infected and uninfected cows at dry-off were most efficiently identified using three months' SCC records with a threshold of 200 000 cells/ml for cows without CM during the lactation and a threshold of 100 000 cells/ml during the rest of lactation for cows with CM during the first 90 days in milk. Moreover, this criterion also most efficiently identified cows infected with major pathogens only at dry-off. The success of the criteria used for identifying infected and uninfected cows will, however, depend on herd characteristics, such as prevalence of infection and type of pathogens present in the herd.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Sensitivity to Antibiotics and Bacteriocins of Pathogens Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Family Dairy Herds of Central Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Fabiola León-Galván ◽  
José E. Barboza-Corona ◽  
A. Arianna Lechuga-Arana ◽  
Mauricio Valencia-Posadas ◽  
Daniel D. Aguayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Thirty-two farms (n=535cows) located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, were sampled. Pathogens from bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CLM) were identified by 16S rDNA and the sensitivity to both antibiotics and bacteriocins ofBacillus thuringiensiswas tested. Forty-six milk samples were selected for their positive California Mastitis Test (CMT) (≥3) and any abnormality in the udder or milk. The frequency of SCM and CLM was 39.1% and 9.3%, respectively. Averages for test day milk yield (MY), lactation number (LN), herd size (HS), and number of days in milk (DM) were 20.6 kg, 2.8 lactations, 16.7 animals, and 164.1 days, respectively. MY was dependent on dairy herd (DH), LN, HS, and DMP<0.01, and correlations between udder quarters from the CMT were around 0.49P<0.01. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were mainly identified, as well asStaphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus uberis,Brevibacterium stationis,B. conglomeratum, andStaphylococcus agnetis. Bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime. Bacteriocins synthesized byBacillus thuringiensisinhibited the growth of multiantibiotic resistance bacteria such asS. agnetis,S. equorum,Streptococcus uberis,Brevibacterium stationis, andBrachybacterium conglomeratum, but they were not active againstS. sciuri, a microorganism that showed an 84% resistance to antibiotics tested in this study.

scholarly journals Changes in cellular factors of local immunity udder of cows with mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (93) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
M. M. Zhelavskyi ◽  
O. Ya. Dmytriv ◽  
V. P. Mizyk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Neutrophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Local Immunity

The immunological aspects of lactation of cows are investigated in this work. The authors present modern scientific data on the local immune protection of the mammary gland of cows. The purpose of the research was to improve the laboratory methods of diagnosis of mastitis and to study the cytological composition of the secretion of the breast of the cows for subclinical and purulent catarrhal inflammation of the udder. The cytological differentiation of milk cells was carried out according to its own developed, tested and patented method. Our experimental data convincingly confirm that in subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis in cows there are significant changes in changes in the cytological composition and the system of local immune defense of the mammary gland. An important role in inflammation of the mammary gland is played by neutrophilic granulocytes that migrate to the parenchyma at the beginning of the clinical pathology (with subclinical inflammation) and release a range of inflammatory mediators in the inflammation zone. Subclinical mastitis of cows is accompanied by a sharp increase in the total somatic cells count in the secretion of the mammary gland. This is due to the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes of histiocytes. Corresponding changes were found in the cytological balance of immunocompetent cells of the secretion of cows at from subclinical mastitis. The most significant shift was noted in the index of migratory activity of neutrophils (P < 0.01), which is a specific “indicator” indicator of inflammatory response in the body of diseased animals. Subclinical inflammation was also manifested by a decrease in the migration activity of lymphocytes. At purulent-catarrhal mastitis of cows there is a significant increase in the number of somatic cells. Also, the migration activity of neutrophils and histiocytes in the pathologic process zone is increasing and changes in the balance of immune cells are established. Thus, our experimental data convincingly confirm that in subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis in cows there are significant changes in the system of local immune defense of the mammary gland. It has an important diagnostic value and also needs immunocorrection in the treatment process.

scholarly journals The adaptive potential of newborn calves under conditions of technogenic anthropobiocenosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Natalia Saenko ◽  
Vladimir Lemeshchenko ◽  
Galina Lukashik ◽  
Elena Nekhaychuk ◽  
Tatiana Skobelskaya
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
High Degree

The article analyzes the organismal status that determines the adaptive potential of newborn calves to the conditions of technogenic anthropobiocenosis. A complex of zootechnical, clinical, hematological, morphological and statistical methods of research was used. Structural and functional changes in the fetal parts of the placentas of cows arise as a result of the aggressive impact on the mother's body of modern ecosystem conditions and determine the peculiarities of the body status of newborn calves. Determining the adaptive capabilities of one-day-old calves, including the morphology of their fetal part of the placenta, is of great importance not only for correcting the technology of growing and feeding, but also for carrying out preventive measures against infectious diseases. To create a healthy dairy herd of cows with a high degree of realization of the genetic capacities of productivity, we recommend using the developed criteria for assessing the body status of newborn calves. Keywords. Аdaptive potential, newborn calves, anthropobiocenosis, organismic status, fetal parts of the placenta.

scholarly journals Use of California mastitis test, somatic cells count and bacteriological findings in diagnostics of subclinical mastitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Varatanovic ◽  
M. Podzo ◽  
T. Mutevelic ◽  
K. Podzo ◽  
B. Cengic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Racial Origin ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Reaction Intensity ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Continuous Use

We have performed diagnostics of sub clinical mastitis in three different cow breeds with comparison of California mastitis test results, somatic cells count at quarter level and with bacteriological findings confirmation in order to justify their appliance in mastitis diagnostics. In total, 90 cows or 360 quarters of mammary gland have been examined. In 63.3 % of the examined cows, with different racial origin, positive reaction to California mastitis test have been established. Usually, positive reaction have been found in milk of one and two quarters, with reaction intensity of one and two plus. SSC higher than 200.000 in 1 ml is established in 60 % of cases and the most often causes of mastitis were staphylococcae, streptococcae and mixed infections. With continuous use of this methods it is possible to timely detect presence of sub clinical mastitis and so to obtain satisfactory results in prevention and therapy of mastitis, as well as improvement in amount and quality of milk.

scholarly journals The occurrence of mastitis and its effect on the milk malondialdehyde concentrations and blood enzymatic antioxidants in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 423-432
Author(s):  
F Zigo ◽  
J Elecko ◽  
M Vasil ◽  
S Ondrasovicova ◽  
Z Farkasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Complex Investigation ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Early identification of mastitis is a serious challenge for dairy farmers and veterinarians in ensuring the health of an animal and the hygienic quality of the produced milk. The purpose of this study was to detect the occurrence and aetiology of mastitis in a dairy herd of 15 milked cows localised in a farm in west Slovakia. During the complex investigation, 606 quarter milk samples were examined (6 quarters were discarded) and classified based on the clinical status, the presence of abnormal udder secretions, the result of the California mastitis test (CMT), the somatic cell count (SCC) and the bacteriological identification of the pathogens causing the intramammary infection (IMI). The study was augmented by the detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the milk and the measurements of the blood enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as potential biomarkers for the udder health screening. A positive CMT score was recorded in 19.5% (118) of the examined quarters and 12.5% (76) of the quarters were infected with bacterial pathogens causing latent mastitis (LM; 1.3%), subclinical mastitis (SM; 8.3%), and clinical mastitis (CM; 2.9%). The most commonly isolated bacteria from the infected quarters were coagulase-negative staphylococci (55.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.8%) and streptococci (10.5%). The concentration of MDA and SCC were significantly higher from both the SM and CM cases than in the milk samples from the healthy cows, while the blood activities of SOD and GPx were lower in the cows with CM compared to the healthy cows. The higher MDA concentrations in the SM and CM milk observed in this study showed the presence of an oxidative stress in the infected milk, accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidative enzymatic activity in the blood of the cows. Therefore, the measurement of the milk MDA concentration and the activity of the blood SOD and GPx may prove insightful for the better screening of the udder health in the early diagnosis of mastitis.

scholarly journals Cytological quality of milk of primiparous cows kept in cubicles bedded with separated manure

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Stanisław Winnicki ◽  
Zbigniew Sobek ◽  
Ryszard Kujawiak ◽  
Jerzy Jugowar ◽  
Anna Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. A study was conducted on the effect of separated manure as bedding material on milk quality as manifested in the somatic cell count. Cows were maintained in a loose barn in cubicles bedded with fresh separated cattle manure (SCM) with 40 % solids content. Analyses were conducted on 242 primiparous Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows in the course of a 305-day lactation. Mean milk yield in that period amounted to over 9000 kg per cow. Somatic cell counts, daily milk yields and chemical composition of milk were analysed. Data were obtained from analyses of 2324 milk samples. It was found that 93.3 % of samples contained less than 400 000 somatic cells per 1 mL milk. Approximately 4.3 % of milk samples contained the number of somatic cells indicating subclinical mastitis (200 000 cells mL−1), while in 2.4 % it was clinical mastitis (> 800 000 cells mL−1). The incidence rate for both forms of mastitis was similar in the beginning and at the end of lactation. Mean daily milk yield of cows producing milk classified according to quality (SCC) grades 1 (< 25 000 cells mL−1) and 2 (< 25 000; 50 000 > cells mL−1) was statistically significantly greater than the yields of other cows. For analysed milk constituents a relationship was found between SCC classes and contents of milk fat and solids. Conducted analyses showed that SCM as bedding in cow cubicles had no effect on somatic cell counts in milk of primiparous cows. The study was conducted in a single holding, in one lactation, on cows calving in 2014.

scholarly journals Study of the resistance of cows with mastitis depending on the age of lactation

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
M. V. Dovydenkova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed

Relevance. The breeding stock and young cattle in the conditions of industrial technology of animal husbandry experience an increased antigenic load, which leads to disturbances in the immune status and the development of inflammatory processes manifested by endometritis and mastitis, diarrheal and respiratory syndromes. It was relevant to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the immunological reactivity of the animal’s body according to the state of resistance in cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis, depending on the age of lactation. As a result of complex studies, the specific and nonspecific reactivity of the body of cattle in different periods of lactation was studied.Methods. The object of the study were cows of a black-and-white Holstein breed (n = 450). Groups of animals were formed according to the age of lactation:1st lactation, 2–3rd lactation, 3–4th lactation and for health reasons: clinically healthy animals, with subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis. Milk samples were taken from cows to count the number of somatic cells, and blood to determine the quantitative content of IgG immunoglobulin and indicators of nonspecific resistance.Results. It was found that with mastitis in cows of different lactation ages, almost identical changes in the immune status were observed. Quantitative determination of IgG levels in animal blood serum is the basis for assessing the immunity of cattle. The immune status in clinically healthy animals was characterized by a higher level of the total amount of IgG immunoglobulin in the blood serum (amounted to 22.25 ± 0.70 mg/ml), whereas in cows with a subclinical form of mastitis, the level of IgG immunoglobulin decreased by 12.3%, with a clinical form of mastitis — by 17.2%. The results also showed that in cows of different lactations with subclinical and clinical mastitis, the bactericidal activity (by 10.8%) and the lysozyme activity of the blood increased significantly (by 8.22%). In cows with clinical mastitis — by 8.6% and 9.7% respectively, compared with the indicators in groups of healthy animals. Thus, mastitis, occurring in acute and subacute form, leads to a decrease in the resistance of the cows’ organism.

scholarly journals Mandalarda Mastitis Olgusu

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aziz Şahin ◽  
Arda Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Important Disease

Mastitis is an important disease which causes economic losses in the water buffalo breeding. According to severity, duration and primary, mastitis is generally classified as clinical and subclinical. Because of contamination from other animals in the herd, subclinical mastitis is a important dairy herd problem. However, clinical mastitis is a clinical case created by deformation of udder gland and decreasing milk yield. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactia and Streptococcus dysgalactia are in clinical mastitis, but Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus agalactia and Streptococcus dysgalactia are the most common isolated microorganisms in subclinical mastitis. Due to mastitis caused by these microorganisms in Water Buffalo, abnormality in the structure of milk are observed, and it causes economic losses to farmers from reduced production. Therefore, the detection of effective factors on mastitis and taking of the necessary precautions are very important. In this review, mastitis case in water Buffalo and its effects were discussed.

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