scholarly journals Environmental migration and country security: Theoretical analysis and empirical research

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00010
Author(s):  
Iryna Didenko ◽  
Kseniia Volik ◽  
Tetiana Vasylieva ◽  
Serhiy Lyeonov ◽  
Nataliia Antoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Ecological Migration ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of environmental changes on population migration and security of countries. Theoretical aspects of Environmental migration, in particular its essence and types, are studied. The main directions of scientific research in this field are considered. In particular, much attention is about finding ways to adapt to changes in the environment and minimize the negative consequences of these changes to achieve sustainable development in both regions and countries. The study found that internal population movements are mainly due to climatic factors such as storms and floods. It was determined that in 2019, about 52% of new mixing was caused by storms and 40% - by floods. Countries for which the phenomenon of ecological migration is most characteristic are India, the Philippines, the United States, China, and Indonesia. The main problems that arise in the study of Environmental mobility of the population are identifiedThey are mainly related to the lack of information and statistical base for conducting qualitative and diverse research.

ECOLOGICAL MIGRATION FROM CENTRAL ASIA TO RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Artem S. Lukyanets ◽  
◽  
Galina N. Ochirova ◽  
Anastasia S. Maksimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
Ecological Migration ◽  
The Impact

Developing countries and low-income countries with rapidly growing populations and underdeveloped agricultural technologies are most vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. The countries of Central Asia are already exposed to the impact of natural and climatic changes due to insufficient financial and technical capabilities to overcome negative climatic and environmental phenomena. The authors predict an increase in the ecological migration of the population from Central Asia to Russia due to the visa-free regime, territorial proximity, established migrant social networks and other factors, which partially will compensate for the Russian population decline. Without a legal channel for environmental migration, these flows will be forced to use the labor migration channel. However, there are a number of potential negative consequences that need to be further scrutinized.

Didactic education in paediatric cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national fellow survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Ganigara ◽  
Chetan Sharma ◽  
Fernando Molina Berganza ◽  
Krittika Joshi ◽  
Andrew D. Blaufox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on medical educational curricula. We aimed to examine the impact of these unprecedented changes on the formal education of paediatric cardiology fellows through a nationwide survey. A REDCap™-based voluntary anonymous survey was sent to all current paediatric cardiology fellows in the United States of America in May, 2020. Of 143 respondents, 121 were categorical fellows, representing over one-fourth of all categorical paediatric cardiology fellows in the United States of America. Nearly all (140/143, 97.9%) respondents utilised online learning during the pandemic, with 134 (93.7%) reporting an increase in use compared to pre-pandemic. The percentage of respondents reporting curriculum supplementation with outside lectures increased from 11.9 to 88.8% during the pandemic. Respondents considered online learning to be “equally or more effective” than in-person lectures in convenience (133/142, 93.7%), improving fellow attendance (132/142, 93.0%), improving non-fellow attendance (126/143, 88.1%), and meeting individual learning needs (101/143, 70.6%). The pandemic positively affected the lecture curriculum of 83 respondents (58.0%), with 35 (24.5%) reporting no change and 25 (17.5%) reporting a negative effect. A positive effect was most noted by those whose programmes utilised supplemental outside lectures (62.2 versus 25.0%, p = 0.004) and those whose lecture frequency did not decrease (65.1 versus 5.9%, p < 0.001). Restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly increased utilisation of online learning platforms by medical training programmes. This survey reveals that an online lecture curriculum, despite inherent obstacles, offers advantages that may mitigate some negative consequences of the pandemic on fellowship education.

scholarly journals Warlords, the United States, and the state of anarchy in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shah Azami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As part of its “War on Terror”, the United States (US) provided immense sums of money and advanced equipment to Afghan warlords in order to defeat and dismantle the Taliban and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. Nearly two decades after the 2001 US-led intervention in Afghanistan that toppled the Taliban regime, the US continues supporting the warlords in various ways. As the intervention was also aimed at establishing a functioning state and reconstruction of the war-torn country, the US needed the support of local warlords to achieve its goals. However, over time, warlords and warlordism became a major challenge to the postTaliban state-building project and in many ways undermined the overall security and the state monopoly on violence. These warlords, who had been mostly expelled and defeated by the Taliban regime, returned under the aegis of the B52 bombers, recaptured parts of the country and reestablished their fiefdoms with US support and resources. They not only resist giving up the power and prestige they have accumulated over the past few years, but also hamper the effort to improve governance and enact necessary reforms in the country. In addition, many of them run their private militias and have been accused of serious human rights abuses as well as drug trafficking, arms smuggling, illegal mining and extortion in the areas under their control or influence. In many ways, they challenge the government authority and have become a major hurdle to the country’s emerging from lawlessness and anarchy. This paper explores the emergence and reemergence of warlords in Afghanistan as well as the evolution of chaos and anarchy in the country, especially after the US-led intervention of late 2001. It also analyzes the impact of the post-9/11 US support to Afghan warlords and its negative consequences for the overall stability and the US-led state-building process in Afghanistan.

Supporting Children Who Experience Domestic Violence: Evaluating the Child Witness to Domestic Violence Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110358
Author(s):  
Erin C. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Child Witness ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
The Impact

Impacting 1 in 4 children in the United States, childhood exposure to domestic violence predicts myriad negative sequelae. Intervening post exposure is critical to help children and their protective parent heal and avoid long-term negative consequences. Children aged 2-17 and their mothers who were victims of domestic violence participated in a 12-week group program delivered by domestic violence agency staff that provides psychoeducation on the impact of trauma and domestic violence and aims to improve parent and child well-being. The impact of the Child Witness to Domestic Violence (CWDV) program was tested in an intervention group ( n = 69 children, 33 mothers) who participated in CWDV and control group ( n = 80 children, 39 mothers) consisting of children whose mothers received adult-focused domestic violence services but were not enrolled in CWDV or other child-focused services. Multiple regression analyses controlling for child gender, child age, mother’s age, and the outcome of interest at time 1 found that participation in CWDV program significantly predicted better child functioning as indicated by less hyperactivity ( B = –.85, p = .06), fewer negative emotional symptoms ( B = –1.14, p = .01), and fewer total behavioral difficulties ( B = –2.48, p = .02) as well as higher maternal hope ( B = .57, p = .03). These data provide promising evidence of the impact of a brief, replicable group intervention that promotes healing and well-being among children and parents exposed to domestic violence. Limitations include a quasi-experimental design and reliance on maternal report.

Duterte’s Foreign Policy Pivot and Its Impact on Philippine Trade and Investments: An International Political Economy Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-160
Author(s):  
Jenny D. Balboa
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade And Investment

Abstract Since the Philippines elected President Rodrigo Duterte in 2016, the country’s foreign policy seems to have become more uncertain. President Duterte’s mercurial personality and antagonistic tirades against the country’s traditional Western allies, including the United States (US) and the European Union (EU), and his statements of building closer ties with China and Russia, had changed the political and diplomatic tone of the Philippines overall. Certainly, the political relationship between the Philippines and the West has been changed by Duterte’s strong remarks against the US and EU. Has this change spilled over to the economy? The paper presents an international political economy framework in examining the impact of Duterte’s foreign policy pivot to the country’s foreign economic relations, focusing on trade and investment. The paper argues that Duterte’s foreign policy shift is mainly shaped by Duterte’s “politics of survival”. Not firmly anchored in any idea, norms, or interest that can clearly benefit the country, Duterte is unable to provide coherent guidance and leadership on the foreign policy pivot, particularly on the economy. Duterte’s lack of guidance provided the technocrats with the policy space to continue the policies from the previous administration and not to divert radically from previous economic policies. The stability of the economic institutions provided a refuge in the period of uncertainty. As a result, the foreign economic relations of the Philippines has not radically shifted. The trade and investment situation of the Philippines remained stable, and economic relations with traditional partners are maintained.

Using Diatoms as Ecological and Paleoecological Indicators in Riverine Environments

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Jeffery R. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Terminal Lakes ◽  
Riverine Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Fossil diatom assemblages are useful for reconstructing past environmental changes in riverine systems. However, few studies have attempted to utilize paleolimnological techniques in these settings. Analysis of sediments from riverine environments can provide key information predating the impact of human development, which cannot be acquired by other means. Paleolimnological techniques can be used to determine the natural variability in these systems and to estimate the magnitude and rates of change that the environment may have undergone as a result of anthropogenic or climatic factors, and to provide realistic goals for management of negatively-impacted systems.Reconstructing past riverine settings requires an understanding of the factors that control the spatial distribution of diatoms in riverine settings; this paper discusses the impact of resources, stressors, and disturbance events, which are the primary controls on the distribution of benthic diatoms in modern riverine environments. A selection of case studies that utilize paleolimnological techniques to infer past stream hydrology are also discussed; these examples encompass the use of fossil diatom assemblages from sediments recovered from lowland floodplain and meandering river systems, estuarine environments, fluvial lakes, arctic deltaic environments, and terminal lakes.

Family Reunification and Philippine Migration to the United States: The Immigrants’ Perspective

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. DeJong ◽  
Brenda Davis Root ◽  
Ricardo G. Abad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
States Immigration ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Occupational Preference ◽  
Legal Immigration ◽  
Service Data ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on the impact of the family reunification provisions in the United States immigration policy for legal immigration from the Philippines. Immigration and Naturalization Service data on the changing pattern of Philippine immigration to the United States between 1971 and 1984 show an increase of nearly two-and-a-half times in the number of immediate family members exempt from numerical limitations, a doubling in the number of immigrants entering under family preference categories, but a marked decline in the number of occupational preference immigrants. Immigration-related plans, behavior, and characteristics from the immigrants’ perspective are also analyzed. A family reunification policy-based typology has been constructed to categorize intended and actual immigrants to the United States. Using this typology, systematic differences are reported for out-migration plans, family contacts, the immigrant process, and the characteristics of intended and actual immigrants.

Understanding Wheel Spinning in the Context of Affective Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Mercedes T. Rodrigo ◽  
Joseph Barbosa Beck
Keyword(s):  
Student Motivation ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Filipino Students ◽  
The Impact

The notion of wheel spinning, students getting stuck in the mastery learning cycle of an ITS without mastering the skill, is an emerging issue. Although wheel spinning has been analyzed, there has been little work in understanding what factors underlie it, and whether it occurs in cultural contexts outside that of the United States. This work is an extension of an earlier analysis of 116 students in an urban setting in the Philippines. The authors found that Filipino students using the Scatterplot Tutor exhibited wheel spinning behaviors. The authors explored the impact of an intervention, Scooter the Tutor, on wheel spinning behavior and did not find that it had any effect. They also analyzed data from quantitative field observations, and found that wheel spinning is prevented by engaged concentration, caused by confusion, but not causally related to boredom. This result suggests that the problem of wheel spinning is primarily cognitive in nature, and not related to student motivation. However, wheel spinning was positively correlated with gaming the system, and causal analysis suggests that wheel spinning causes gaming.

Residents’ Perception towards Hosting the 2019 Southeast Asian Games: Is the Philippines as a Developing Country Ready for Sport Tourism?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Reylin Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Media Preference ◽  
The Impact

Sport tourism has been identifi ed as one of the most important industries of recent years. Research about Philippine sport tourism, however, is scarce. The aim of the present investigation was to assess residents’ perception on the impact of hosting an international sports event on their community. A previously validated impact questionnaire was used in this study. The respondents were 262 (Males, n=47%; Females, n=53%) residents of the diff erent cities hosting the 2019 Southeast Asian Games (SEAG) in the Philippines. They were generally well-educated (87%), of prime working age (68%), average earners (76%), physically active (61.3%), and watched sports (51%) using mobile devices (59%). The results revealed that the respondents (81.3%) generally support the present SEAG. The majority agree that the event would signal urban development (77.8%), develop positive socio-psychological benefi ts (84%) such as civic pride but also bring about negative consequences (57.6%) such as overcrowding and traffi c congestion. There is general ambivalence about the positive outcomes outweighing the negative ones. Among the demographic variables, age (p=0.002), gender (p=0.004), income status (p=0.027) and media preference (p=0.018) have signifi cant eff ects on the respondents’ support for the event. Although there is general support for hosting the international sports event, the respondents’ general perception was marred by domestic issues related to corruption, environmental destruction and displacement of some ethnic groups.

The Diplomacy of Dependency: The Philippines and Peacemaking with Japan, 1945–52

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Dingman
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
Small Powers ◽  
The Impact

Historians have examined the Japanese peace settlement of 1951 in a variety of ways. A few have treated it as an episode in the ongoing evolution of the structure of international relations in the Pacific and East Asia. Most have focused on the interaction between the principal victor, the United States, and vanquished Japan, weighing the negotiating successes and failures of each and assessing the impact of the settlement on subsequent Japanese-American relations. Recently still other historians have exploited newly available archival materials to analyze the role middle-range powers such as Australia and Britain played in shaping the 1951 peace treaty. While this research has revealed a great deal about the San Francisco peace settlement, it has left unexplored the part small powers played in a major restructuring of the Pacific/East Asian international order.

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