scholarly journals Investigation of Axial Flux In-Wheel Motor Performances Based on Multiphysics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Haishi DOU ◽  
Youtong ZHANG ◽  
Tao LI ◽  
Qiang AI
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Thermal Coupling ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Loss ◽  
Motor Structure

The axial flux with amorphous alloy stators has the virtues of high power density, high torque density, compact structure. But specific to the disadvantage of restricted space of in-wheel, the compact axial flux in-wheel motor was proposed in this paper. The in-wheel motor’s performance affects the dynamic and security of electric vehicles directly. And the electromagnetic loss has a significant impact on in-wheel motor performance. To demonstrate the influence of electromagnetic loss on the thermal behavior of the machine, thermal analyses employing magneto-thermal coupling simulations have been performed. Then the experimental prototype was manufactured and tested. The simulation of the output power model was verified by test value, proving that the magneto-thermal coupling simulation is feasible. Therefore, this design technique provides a reference for the in-wheel motor structure.

scholarly journals Axial Flux PM In-Wheel Motor for Electric Vehicles: 3D Multiphysics Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Andrea Credo ◽  
Marco Tursini ◽  
Marco Villani ◽  
Claudia Di Lodovico ◽  
Michele Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Radial Flux ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Wide Speed Range ◽  
3D Problem ◽  
Transmission Gear

The Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) motor represents a valid alternative to the traditional radial flux motor due to its compact structure; it is suitable for in-wheel applications so that the transmission gear can be suppressed. The modeling of the motor is a purely Three-Dimensional (3D) problem and the use of 3D finite element tools allows the attainment of accurate results taking also into account the effects of the end-windings. Moreover, a 3D multiphysics analysis is essential to evaluate not only the motor performance and its thermal behavior, but also the electromagnetic forces acting on the surfaces of the stator teeth and of the magnets that face the air gap. Moreover, as the vehicle’s motors often work in variable-speed conditions, the prediction of vibrations and noise for electric motors over a wide speed range is usually necessary. The paper presents a double-sided AFPM motor for a small pure electric vehicle; the basic drive architecture includes four axial flux motors installed directly inside the vehicle’s wheels. The aim is to propose advanced and integrated electromagnetic, vibroacoustic and thermal analyses that allow the investigation of the axial flux motor behavior in a detailed and exhaustive way.

scholarly journals Quantitative Comparisons of Six-Phase Outer-Rotor Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machines for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Yao ◽  
Chunhua Liu ◽  
Christopher H.T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Outer Rotor ◽  
High Torque

Multiphase machines have some distinct merits, including the high power density, high torque density, high efficiency and low torque ripple, etc. which can be beneficial for many industrial applications. This paper presents four different types of six-phase outer-rotor permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machines for electric vehicles (EVs), which include the inserted PM (IPM) type, surface PM (SPM) type, PM flux-switching (PMFS) type, and PM vernier (PMV) type. First, the design criteria and operation principle are compared and discussed. Then, their key characteristics are addressed and analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the PMV type is quite suitable for the direct-drive application for EVs with its high torque density and efficiency. Also, the IPM type is suitable for the indirect-drive application for EVs with its high power density and efficiency.

An Axial-Flux Hybrid Excitation Flux-Switching Machine

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 7094-7098 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Zhu ◽  
Zhi Quan Deng ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fe Analysis ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Torque ◽  
Flux Linkage ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Hybrid Excitation ◽  
High Torque

A flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine has the advantage of high power density, high torque density, inherently sinusoidal back EMF, stable structure, and the disadvantage of magnetic field uncontrollable. This paper proposes a novel axial-flux hybrid excitation flux-switching (AFHEFS) motor, which offers three phase symmetrical sinusoidal flux linkage and linearly regulated electromagnetic torque as well as excellent flux regulation capability and even field elimination ability with a size ratio of 1:2 between PM stator and electrical stator. The results are validated by 3D finite element (FE) analysis.

scholarly journals The Structure and Optimal Gear Tooth Profile Design of Two-Speed Transmission for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3736
Author(s):  
Jae-Oh Han ◽  
Won-Hyeong Jeong ◽  
Jong-Seok Lee ◽  
Se-Hoon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement

As environmental regulations have been strengthened worldwide since the Paris Climate Agreement, the automobile industry is shifting its production paradigm to focus on eco-friendly vehicles such as electric vehicles and hydrogen-battery vehicles. Governments are banning fossil fuel vehicles by law and expanding the introduction of green vehicles. The energy efficiency of electric vehicles that use a limited power source called batteries depends on the driving environment. Applying a two-speed transmission to an electric vehicle can optimize average speed and performance efficiency at low speeds, and achieve maximum speed with minimal torque at high speeds. In this study, a two-speed transmission for an electric vehicle has been developed, to be used in a compact electric vehicle. This utilizes a planetary gear of a total of three pairs, made of a single module which was intended to enable two-speed. The ring gear was removed, and the carrier was used in common. When shifting, the energy used for the speed change is small, due to the use of the simple method of fixing the sun gear of each stage. Each gear was designed by calculating bending strength and surface durability, using JGMA standards, to secure stability. The safety factor of the gears used in the transmission is as follows: all gears have been verified for safety with a bending strength of 1.2 or higher and a surface pressure strength of 1.1 or higher. The design validity of the transmission was verified by calculating the gear meshing ratio and the reference efficiency of the gear. The transmission to be developed through the research results of this paper has a simple and compact structure optimized for electric vehicles, and has reduced shift shock. In addition, energy can be used more efficiently, which will help improve fuel economy and increase drive range.

scholarly journals Temperature Prediction of PMSMs Using Pseudo-Siamese Nested LSTM

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Yongping Cai ◽  
Yuefeng Cen ◽  
Gang Cen ◽  
Xiaomin Yao ◽  
Cheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Stator Winding ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Temperature Prediction ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
Better Than

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are widely used in electric vehicles due to their simple structure, small size, and high power-density. The research on the temperature monitoring of the PMSMs, which is one of the critical technologies to ensure the operation of PMSMs, has been the focus. A Pseudo-Siamese Nested LSTM (PSNLSTM) model is proposed to predict the temperature of the PMSMs. It takes the features closely related to the temperature of PMSMs as input and realizes the temperature prediction of stator yoke, stator tooth, and stator winding. An optimization algorithm of learning rate combined with gradual warmup and decay is proposed to accelerate the convergence during the training and improve the training performance of the model. Experimental results reveal the proposed method and Nested LSTM (NLSTM) achieves high accuracy by comparing with other intelligent prediction methods. Moreover, the proposed method is slightly better than NLSTM in temperature prediction of PMSMS.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Novel Axial-Radial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine with Halbach-Array Permanent Magnets

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3639
Author(s):  
Rundong Huang ◽  
Chunhua Liu ◽  
Zaixin Song ◽  
Hang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Halbach Array ◽  
Radial Flux ◽  
High Torque

Electric machines with high torque density are needed in many applications, such as electric vehicles, electric robotics, electric ships, electric aircraft, etc. and they can avoid planetary gears thus reducing manufacturing costs. This paper presents a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet (ARFPM) machine with high torque density. The proposed ARFPM machine integrates both axial-flux and radial-flux machine topologies in a compact space, which effectively improves the copper utilization of the machine. First, the radial rotor can balance the large axial forces on axial rotors and prevent them from deforming due to the forces. On the other hand, the machine adopts Halbach-array permanent magnets (PMs) on the rotors to suppress air-gap flux density harmonics. Also, the Halbach-array PMs can reduce the total attracted force on axial rotors. The operational principle of the ARFPM machine was investigated and analyzed. Then, 3D finite-element analysis (FEA) was conducted to show the merits of the ARFPM machine. Demonstration results with different parameters are compared to obtain an optimal structure. These indicated that the proposed ARFPM machine with Halbach-array PMs can achieve a more sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF). In addition, a comparative analysis was conducted for the proposed ARFPM machine. The machine was compared with a conventional axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine and a radial-flux permanent magnet (RFPM) machine based on the same dimensions. This showed that the proposed ARFPM machine had the highest torque density and relatively small torque ripple.

Novel Hybrid Radial and Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Machine Using Integrated Windings for High-Power Density

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Moo Seo ◽  
Jong-Suk Ro ◽  
Se-Hyun Rhyu ◽  
In-Soung Jung ◽  
Hyun-Kyo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet Machine

Electromagnetic Performance Comparison of Axial Flux Machine with different PM Shapes for Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziaul Islam ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Basharat Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Yousuf ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Electromagnetic Performance

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Winding Short Circuit Fault and Irreversible Demagnetization Fault Detection in PM Type Machines

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Ullah ◽  
Jin Hur
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
The Impact

Contemporary research has shown impetus in the diagnostics of permanent magnet (PM) type machines. The manufacturers are now more interested in building diagnostics features in the control algorithms of machines to make them more salable and reliable. A compact structure, exclusive high-power density, high torque density, and efficiency make the PM machine an attractive option to use in industrial applications. The impact of a harsh operational environment most often leads to faults in PM machines. The diagnosis and nipping of such faults at an early stage have appeared as the prime concern of manufacturers and end users. This paper reviews the recent advances in fault diagnosis techniques of the two most frequently occurring faults, namely inter-turn short fault (ITSF) and irreversible demagnetization fault (IDF). ITSF is associated with a short circuit in stator winding turns in the same phase of the machine, while IDF is associated with the weakening strength of the PM in the rotor. A detailed literature review of different categories of fault indexes and their strengths and weaknesses is presented. The research trends in the fault diagnosis and the shortcomings of available literature are discussed. Moreover, potential research directions and techniques applicable for possible solutions are also extensively suggested.

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