scholarly journals Ecological problems related to the safe processing of dairy raw materials and whey

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Irina Buyanova ◽  
Marina Kurbanova ◽  
Lev Ostroumov ◽  
Olesya Kalugina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
High Processing

A significant number of milk processing companies all over the world confront the challenge of whey recycling. To date, the processing of milk results in a considerable amount of waste products, which can be used in core production processes, for the output of additional products and can help neutralize harmful effects of milk processing waste waters on the environment. This factor emphasizes the relationship between food and environment. The extraction of water from cheese and curd whey in the manufacture of concentrates gives a solution to one of the challenges facing the dairy industry – the processing of secondary dairy raw resources. Whey concentrates have certain advantages because they are long-shelf-life and easy-to-transport products of high nutritional and biological value. Several studies have assessed process flow factors of whey dehydrating in the manufacture of whey concentrates. The research was carried out using an experimental unit of a vacuum dryer with the thermal radiation power supply. The concentrates with a percentage of dry substances ranging from 11 to 30 % were produced. The important outcomes to emerge from the study are data on the dynamics of vacuum-induced water extraction from cheese and curd whey, its appropriate modes, as well as regularities and specifics of water removal. The quality of concentrates was assessed according to key parameters. The organoleptic properties of sample concentrates met all criteria quite sufficiently, being similar to input parameters. Whey concentrates with a mass fraction of dry substances from 11 to 30.0 % are recommended to use in recipe compositions of fresh and fermented whey-containing drinks. IR-rays represent a good alternative to conventional thickening and drying processes of raw materials at high processing temperatures. The properties of input raw materials remain unaffected owing to non-destructive temperature modes of the vacuum dryer.

scholarly journals Some aspects of food safety from animal origin

2012 ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
József Fenyvessy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Public Health Hazards ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the civilisation illnesses and incorrect nutrition can be considered as demonstrated. The functional foods having one or several nutritional- biological advantage can contribute to the healthy nutrition and to improving the quality of life. Beside the healthy nutrition it is an another important requirement that the food does not contain pathogens or substances of chemical and biological origin namely it has to be safe. In this publication the foods of animal origin were investigated in the point of view of public health hazards arising during their production and processing.The contamination and infection of food raw materials, the consequence of chemical substances getting in or developing it the food, the judgement of food deviring from genetically modified or cloned animals are discussed.

Carbohydrate-Based Advanced Biomaterials for Food Sustainability: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arantzazu Valdés ◽  
María Carmen Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Timber Products ◽  
Advanced Biomaterials ◽  
Processing Properties

The quality and safety of processed food strongly depend on their packaging and the protection that it provides. The increasing accumulation of synthetic non-biodegradable plastics in the environment represents a threat to the natural habitats. This has lead companies and researchers to explore different ways to develop bio-based polymers made from a variety of agricultural commodities and/or food waste products. Recently, plant-based polysaccharides such as hemicelluloses and celluloses have attracted attention as replacements for petroleum-based materials. In this context, the cell wall composition determines the quality of most plant-based products used in modern human societies. Nutritional and processing properties of plant-based foods are heavily influenced by wall properties. Fibres for textiles, paper manufacture, timber products and now, for fuel and bio-composites manufacture, are largely composed of, or derived from, walls. As the largest source of renewable carbon, plant cell walls have a critical future role in providing transport fuels, food security, functional foods to improve human health, and as raw materials for industrial processes. The use of cellulose materials as polysaccharides source offers the possibility of obtaining new advanced biomaterials for fresh or processed foods sustainability. In this review, the cell wall metabolism, extraction and hydrolyzation of polysaccharides in different microorganisms and plants, and their application for the development of new carbohydrate-based advanced biomaterials that can be applied for the food industry are reported.

Effect of xylanase addition in feed containing either pre-characterised wheat or wheat byproducts on the performance of growing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
D.J. Cadogan ◽  
G.G. Partridge ◽  
P.H. Simmins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
By Products

Wheat and wheat by-products vary in their available energy and protein content (Batterham et al., 1980) leading to unpredictable growth rate and feed use efficiency. Carbohydrase enzymes, targeting the non-starch polysaccharides in these raw materials, may improve their nutrient availability. However, questions remain over the relationship between the quality of the dietary raw materials and the level of exogenous enzyme activity required in the feed to elicit a response from pigs. Hence, the response of pigs to the use of a fungal xylanase, produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, was studied in diets containing wheat and wheat by-products.

scholarly journals Plate Dampers in the Tensioning Plate Dampers in the Tensioning

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Alexandr E. Alekseev ◽  
◽  
Igor O. Dumanskij ◽  
Alexey V. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Force ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Load Sensor ◽  
Lateral Rigidity ◽  
Saw Blade ◽  
Band Saw ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyses strengths and weaknesses of bandsaw machines. While analysing we have found the relationship between the weaknesses and the tension of a band saw. Its use as a cutting tool leads to a decrease in the lateral rigidity and stability of the cutting section on the pulling chain. This leads to fluctuations in the cutting width, a decrease in the geometric accuracy of sawn timber and an increase in the roughness of the side surfaces of a kirf. The main types of tensioning unit mechanisms, which strengthen the tension and maintain its stability during operation, are defined, and common design flaws are described. Oil-filled metal plate dampers promote space-saving and low-inertia dampers for bandsaw machines with any basic saw blade tensioning mechanisms. The influence of the device on the level of dynamic fluctuations of the tensile force caused by the artificial eccentricity of the tension pulley was studied. The efficiency was evaluated by computer oscillography of the tensile load sensor signal and subsequent computer processing of the obtained oscillograms. The effectiveness of using damper devices is confirmed by the quality of sawing, which is characterized by a lower level of roughness of the lateral surfaces of the cut while reducing the variation in thickness of a workpiece. Methods of eliminating flaws with different types of tensioning units are reviewed, and the effectiveness of using oil-filled plate dampers is evaluated. The article presents the research technique and parameters of the experimental unit as well as the conclusions on the effectiveness of damping devices. For citation: Alekseev A.E., Dumanskij I.O., Prokhorov A.V. Plate Dampers in the Tensioning Units of Bandsaw Machines. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 142–149. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-142-149

scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of the Hazardous Wastes and their Management in Industries of Damghan City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Khanbeigi ◽  
Taleb Askaripoor ◽  
Hamidreza Nassehinia ◽  
Bahareh Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Waste Products

Introduction: In recent years, unauthorized disposal of the hazardous wastes has threatened the human health and created many environmental problems in human societies. Given the direct and indirect hazards of these wastes, it is essential to collect information with regard to their appropriate management in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of the hazardous waste and its management in industries of Damghan City in Iran. Methods: Initially, the list of industries in Damghan City was prepared. Later, the necessary coordination was made with the relevant organizations and active units were identified. After the field tours, information on the quality, quantity, and management of the hazardous wastes was collected by a questionnaire.  Results: The results showed that the total hazardous waste products in the investigated industries were 4795 kg per month; 36.36% of the industries produced toxic substances, 9.09% created corrosive substances, 36.36% flammable materials, and 18.18% resulted in reactive substances. None of the studied industrial units had a control system after disposal of the industrial hazardous waste. Furthermore, only 36.36% of the industries had specialized staff to collect and dispose the hazardous waste. Conclusion: To prevent environmental pollution and preserve the human health, a proper management system should be established for organizing the industrial wastes. Furthermore, identifying and gathering information about the industrial processes, raw materials, and waste products can be very useful in managing hazardous industrial wastes.  

Relationship between Akund Fibers’ Carding and Sliver Quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2014-2019
Author(s):  
Xiao Jiang ◽  
Long Di Cheng ◽  
Jian Yong Yu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Elena Stojanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Blended Yarn ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Textile Fabric

The akund fiber has great potential to be used in the textile industry benefiting from its excellent properties. The adoption of akund fiber from calotropis gigantea could substitute or supplement cotton as raw materials for textile fabric and might reduce the possible damage to the environment. Therefore, The study in this paper on the relationship between carding procedure and the quality of akund fiber sliver aimed at optimizing the process of this new kind fiber on a flat top card has significant meaning. The results in this paper show that high quality slivers can be produced by using new wires, low speed of card elements or proper akund fiber content in blended yarn. However, decreasing the number of moving flats in the main carding zone too much would deteriorate the sliver quality.

Alternative Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ribeiro ◽  
Joana Carvalho ◽  
Joana Castro ◽  
Jorge Araújo ◽  
Cândida Vilarinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Feedstock

The increasing in the world population has continuously increased the energy demand. As an effective fuel, petroleum has been serving the world to meet its energy needs. Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and all the environmental issues around its use could be responsible for a major deficit in the future. Thus, the development of alternative energy sources, are to be welcomed. Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has many benefits. It is biodegradable, non-toxic and compared to petroleum-based diesel, has a more favorable combustion emission profile, such as low emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons. In brief, these merits make biodiesel a good alternative to petroleum based fuel. The use of alternative feedstock as waste cooking oils (WCO), bovine fats and microalgae oil for biodiesel production has some advantages. It is cheaper than edible vegetable oils and it is a way to valorize a sub-product. Nevertheless, these oils has some contaminants, which can reduce the quality of biodiesel, a problem that was solved by testing different operating conditions and equipment designs for each stage of processing. The technological assessment of this process was carried out to evaluate their technical benefits, limitations and quality of final product. In this work biodiesel was produced by an alkali-catalyzed transesterification, a reaction involving the WCO feedstock and an alcohol to yield fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol. The evaluation of quality from raw materials and final biodiesel was performed according to standard EN 14214. Results show that all parameters analyzed meet the standard and legislation requirements. This evidence proves that in those operating conditions the biodiesel produced from WCO, bovine fats and microalgae can substitute petroleum-based diesel.

scholarly journals THE RESEARCH OF THE AMOUNT OF HEAVY METALS AND NITROSO COMPOUNDS IN CONCENTRATED TOMATO PRODUCTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Shutyuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
National University ◽  
Pharmaceutical Processing ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
The Relationship

The constant selling race results in need for improving the quality of nutrition products among in-house food and pharmaceutical processing industries, which is an all-important key to success on the consumer market. This requires constant improvement of the product producing technologies. The topical problem of quality is the presence of heavy metals and nitroso compounds in the products. The research aimed at studying the changes in the heavy metal concentration levels (including Zn, Cu, Pb) in tomato products at their thickening has been conducted at the national University of Food Technologies. On the basis of the received results the relationship between the lead, copper, zinc, nitrosocompounds and the solid substances’ amount has been established. The conducted research allowed us to ascertain the fact that the amount of heavy metals and nitroso compounds in raw materials for the concentrated tomato products to be ofhigh quality must not exceed the values of 18…35 % of the limiting concentration.

The Agricultural Products Deterioration Recognition Based on Computer Vision

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2027-2030
Author(s):  
Xiang Jie Niu ◽  
Bin Lan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Computer Vision Technology ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Destructive

The computer vision technology is an important branch of computer science and artificial intelligence which is regarded as a non-destructive testing technique in the field of agriculture with a broad application prospects. This paper introduces the application of the computer vision technology in the agricultural products deterioration recognition, builds foundations for the accurate measurement of the agricultural products quality with computer visions, and establish the relationship between the feature information and quality of the agricultural products. Meanwhile, this paper combined the computer vision technology with infrared, microwave, NMR techniques to extract and test the visual information of the internal quality of the agricultural products.

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

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